What have returned architectural designers brought to the construction industry?

Some people say that "returnee" architects are a movie from the 1980s and a lost landscape. In the wave of market economy, as the number of "little returnees" increases, their once "show off" aura has become eclipsed. Did the "returnee" architect really quietly "call out"?

In fact, it is not. The current China is far from having a surplus of talent. Although the gestures of "returnees" often stand out from the crowd, it is an indisputable fact that they have brought back "home" the expertise they learned in developed countries without reservation. Nowadays, the rapid development of China's construction market is unprecedented. When we look back, we are surprised to find that whether they are "reformers", "innovators" or "practicalists", they always work hard to promote an "improved version" "Take risks" due to the architectural trend of thought, and their return has injected a "catalyst" into the development of China's economy, culture and even politics. Behind their halo, what we see is a different kind of excitement.

"Reformist" designer - Zhang Yonghe In March 2005, the "resignation incident" of Chen Danqing, a professor at the Academy of Fine Arts of Tsinghua University, caused quite a stir in the industry. In order to resist the traditional Chinese education system, he resolutely "left" the admired school.

In September of the same year, news from across the ocean caused an uproar in the domestic architectural community: Zhang Yonghe, director of the Center for Architecture at Peking University, would serve as dean of the Department of Architecture at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States. This is the first time a Chinese architect has taken the helm. A powerhouse of architectural education and research in the United States. For a time, Zhang Yonghe, who was sought after by various media, once again stood under the "spotlight". He made his first voice: criticizing China's "academic administrative" architectural education system. In just six months, the "emergence" of two "Chen Danqings" quickly attracted many supporters, and their voices calling for "reform of the architectural education system" touched the "nerves" of the domestic architectural community. Since then, an architectural education reform movement has made a "qualitative" leap from silent to vocal.

"Zhang Yonghe is destined to be a 'reformist', a bit "rebellious" and not very good." The person who said this is the same "rebel" as Zhang Yonghe. However, this statement is by no means groundless. From starting his studies in the United States in 1981 to returning to China after resigning from his teaching position at Rice University in 1996, Zhang Yonghe successively taught at Paul State University, the University of Michigan, and the University of California, Berkeley... His teaching experience in the United States made him He nurtured the seeds of "rebellion" and aimed directly at traditional Chinese architectural education.

Zhang Yonghe's "rebellion" stems from his teaching ideas. He emphasizes practical architectural education and opposes teaching methods that emphasize theory but neglect practice. He said: "Four years of 'Chinese' education have assimilated the creative inspiration of college students, and they still know nothing after graduation. If our generation does not go abroad for further study, we will become "idle people." More than 10 years have passed. China’s education system has not changed much.” Zhang Yonghe once suggested to Peking University that Peking University should recruit the next director of Peking University’s Architecture Research Center on a global basis, just like MIT, because “in this way, Peking University can gather international wisdom. Promote architectural research”. However, the old gentlemen in China did not accept his good intentions.

Three months after taking office at MIT, Zhang Yonghe said: "Not only did they let me go, they also supported me in setting up a personal architecture office. In the United States, almost every professor has his own office. Their philosophy is that if I hire you, I will trust you. If the professor doesn’t design the house himself, how can he teach students about design? This is not the case in China.” As long as China’s architectural education remains unchanged, Zhang Yonghe will not stop traveling in China. The steps between beauty.

In the past few years, Zhang Yonghe and his "Extraordinary Architecture" studio have created Xishu Bookstore, Beijing Ocean Art Center, Shanyujian, and Erfenzhai, one after another, which have important significance to the practice of contemporary Chinese architecture. While constantly innovating traditional architectural concepts, it has also become a window for the international architectural community to understand contemporary Chinese architecture. We expect his educational “reforms” to bear fruit in the country.

The "innovative" designer-Yuxun Construction Department held the Second International Intelligent, Green Building and Building Energy Saving Conference on March 28, specializing in vigorously developing scientific and technological energy-saving buildings in the construction field. This indicates that the development of energy-saving and land-saving residential and public buildings is about to enter the fast lane. Of course, this includes the idea that "returnee" architects who advocate the concept of energy conservation will have room to display, but more importantly, the current situation of China's energy shortage determines the development direction of the construction industry.

Yu Xun, general manager of SEP Rhine (Beijing) Architectural Technology Planning Co., Ltd., is a new generation of "innovative" designer. As early as 1991-2002, he studied at the Department of Architecture at the Technical University of Darmstadt in Germany and established ABB Architects in Frankfurt, Germany. Perhaps out of professional sensitivity, after Yu Xun returned to China in 2002, he established his own company in order to promote technology and energy-saving design concepts. Since then, a series of architectural works with the "label" of German energy-saving design have "bloomed" all over the country. For example: Lot 6 of Anting New Town, Shanghai International Automobile City, Beijing Ocean Deyi Residential Community, Shougang Steel Structure Multi-story Residential Pilot Project, Chang'an Street West Trade Center Facade Renovation Project, etc.

In fact, promoting the concept of energy-saving technology in the country is not as easy as imagined. According to statistics from the Ministry of Construction, at present, my country's building energy consumption is 2-3 times that of developed countries with the same climate conditions, and the use of new energy-saving materials only accounts for 35%. Although the energy consumption standard for new buildings was formulated last year to reach 50%, the current The situation is that the shortage of energy-saving materials, high prices, and inconvenient transportation have made the promotion of energy-saving buildings useless, and conflicts in various aspects are in the stage of concentrated outbreak. Germany is one of the earliest countries in energy-saving buildings so far. As early as 1978, Germany revised its building energy-saving standards, requiring new buildings to consume at least 60% more energy. Obviously, our country's awareness of innovation in this area lags behind that of developed countries by at least 30 years.

Yu Xun is such a person who is both innovative and good at resolving "contradictions". Soon after returning to China, he "planted" his first hope: he successfully applied Germany's advanced energy-saving scientific and technological achievements - "Energy-Saving Building Principles" to Shougang's energy-saving demonstration project. Yu Xun likens this innovative design concept to a "thermos bottle". He said: "This thermos bottle is made of steel, which is a green and environmentally friendly material. All its materials can be recycled, and it is fast to build, and its seismic performance is superior to ordinary buildings. Not only in Beijing, but also in other regions It will also have its development prospects; this is a kind of building that we are familiar with without air conditioning and heating. The energy consumption of this kind of building is 15 kilowatt hours per square meter per year, which is 1/15 of the old building."

When doing energy-saving design for Shougang, Yu Xun said that he adhered to one concept when carrying out innovative design - design and technology that keep pace with the times are inseparable. "We cannot regard design simply as a category of design, especially architecture. It must be integrated with technological development so as to reflect the latest trends in the entire architecture." At this stage, Yu Xun is not yet a leader in the industry, but He and his energy-saving innovation concepts will surely be at the forefront of market development.

“Practical” designer-Yu Kongjian On April 13, at the hearing on the Old Summer Palace renovation project, Yu Kongjian, a doctor who returned from Harvard, showed photos of the changes in the landscape of the Old Summer Palace that he had taken in recent years. To his surprise, this appearance aroused a lot of doubts: Will this "foreign doctor" understand China's traditional culture?

Perhaps due to the atmosphere, Yu Kongjian, who has always been known for his toughness, spoke softly in the following argument. "This is a photo I took in April 1992. This place has been completely destroyed now, and it is nothing like this anymore. The vegetation communities and native species accentuate the tragic and desolate atmosphere of the Old Summer Palace as a relic. A unique landscape experience that is indispensable for patriotism education." Yu Kongjian entered people's sight as a responsible "stakeholder", instead of being a mere "participant".

In fact, as my country’s first generation landscape architect, Yu Kongjian attracted people’s attention with the design of a Qijiang Park a few years ago.

Since then, he has won the International Planning Honor Award and the Design Honor Award for his "anti-planning" Taizhou case and Shenyang Jianzhu University's rice field campus. This is the only non-American designer to win two awards at the same time. It is no accident for Yu Kongjian to have this honor today.

In 1992, Yu Kongjian went to the United States to study with his thirst for knowledge. In 1995, he received a doctorate in urban planning and landscape architecture from Harvard University. This was the first time a Chinese person received a doctorate in this major from Harvard. Subsequently, Yu Kongjian successfully entered the work of a prestigious landscape design group in the United States. Because he often had the opportunity to return to China for inspections, in the next two years, Yu Kongjian visited more than 100 domestic cities intermittently. When he saw the rivers being polluted and the woods being destroyed, perhaps out of a sense of patriotism and mission, he felt that the majors he had learned abroad should come into play.

There is no turning back. Ever since I had the idea of ????returning to my country, I couldn’t stop. In 1997, Peking University established the Landscape Planning and Design Center; in 2003, the Institute of Landscape Architecture was established, and Yu Kongjian was invited to serve as the director of the institute. Interestingly, for practical needs, Yu Kongjian founded the first landscape design company in Beijing. In the process, he encountered an unexpected trouble. He said: "In 1997, there was no landscape design discipline in the field of architecture in China. When talking to people registered with the industrial and commercial registries about landscape design, we must first talk about how it developed abroad. It will start soon in China...". It was not until the end of 2004 that China established the emerging profession of landscape design. This late good news made Yu Kongjian ecstatic. Years of hard work finally did not go to waste.

There is currently a specious notion that the main function of architecture is not to "see" but to "use", and that landscape design is just a "luxury" other than architecture. Although Yu Kongjian and his landscape career are in full swing, a new round of duel is quietly starting among the majority of people in China who need "make-up lessons."

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