Course types of teacher recruitment preparation

This part of the investigation, which is less in all the teaching and recruiting investigations, is more complicated, mainly in Shandong Province. It will examine concepts and examples, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of some courses, as well as the corresponding relationships and differences. The main part of the examination is divided into disciplines and synthesis, explicit courses and implicit courses, national, local and school-based courses.

(1) According to the inherent attributes of disciplines, they are divided into subject courses and experience curriculum.

1. Subject courses

(1) Basic connotation: It is a course that advocates taking the discipline as the center and organizing the selected knowledge into disciplines according to the logical system of knowledge. The leading value lies in inheriting human civilization, enabling students to master, inherit and develop the knowledge and cultural heritage accumulated by human beings for thousands of years. Characteristics of subject courses: logical, systematic and concise.

② Representative figures: Confucius, Comenius, Herbart, Spencer, etc. (3) Advantages: ① Pay attention to the logicality, systematicness and completeness of each scientific knowledge; ② It is helpful for students to learn and consolidate basic knowledge, and it is also convenient for teachers to impart knowledge.

(4) Disadvantages: (1) Not paying attention to the interrelation, resulting in and deepening the separation of disciplines; (2) It is not conducive to connecting with students' real life and social practice; ③ Ignoring students' interests and needs.

Example: Four Books and Five Classics, and the number of books shot by rites and music are all subject courses.

2. Experience the course

(1) Basic connotation: It is a course based on students' interests and needs and centered on children's experience in subjective activities. The leading value of experience course lies in enabling students to get direct experience and real experience of the real world.

② Representative figures: Dewey and Ke Qubo.

(3) Advantages: ① Emphasize the value of learners' direct experience; ② Teaching and education in advocacy activities.

(4) Disadvantages: ① Experiencing courses can easily lead to ignoring systematic subject knowledge learning; (2) Ignoring the logical order of knowledge itself affects the systematicness of knowledge learning.

A course formed by activity experience, a course based on one's own experience.

(2) According to the organizational form of the course content, it is divided into sub-subject courses and comprehensive courses.

1. Subject courses

(1) Basic connotation: It refers to the process of selecting knowledge from different disciplines and imparting knowledge to students in the form of subject teaching according to the logical system of knowledge. Subject courses and subject courses are basically the same.

② Representative figures: Confucius, Comenius, Herbart, Spencer, etc.

(3) Advantages: ① Attach importance to the logicality, systematicness and completeness of knowledge in all subjects; (2) It helps students to learn systematic knowledge in a short time; ③ It is helpful to organize teaching and evaluation and improve teaching efficiency.

(4) Disadvantages: less consideration is given to the relationship between different disciplines, and each discipline is regarded as an entity unrelated to other disciplines.

Example: It's similar to a subject course.

2. Comprehensive courses

The basic connotation of (1) is a multi-disciplinary curriculum organization model, which emphasizes the relevance, unity and internal relations among disciplines. The leading value of the course lies in promoting the all-round development of students' understanding, grasping and solving problems through the integration of related disciplines.

(2) Representative: Whitehead

(3) Advantages: ① It reflects the development needs of interaction and correlation of cultural or subject knowledge; ② It is beneficial for students to integrate knowledge and skills in academic and non-academic fields and solve various problems in reality; (3) help to reduce the phenomenon of various subjects.

(4) Disadvantages: ① Ignoring the logic of various subjects; ② It is difficult to compile textbooks, teachers to teach and students to evaluate.

(5) Basic form:

Related courses: also known as "contact courses", which are formed by cross-linking of multiple disciplines. At the same time, the division of original disciplines is maintained, and adjacent disciplines, such as Chinese and history, history and geography, mathematics and physics, chemistry, physics, chemistry and biology, not only maintain the boundaries between original disciplines, but also determine the contact points of related disciplines in the curriculum standards (or syllabus) of each discipline, so that the teaching materials of each discipline maintain close horizontal contact. Comprehensive course: also known as "comprehensive course". A new discipline composed of several related disciplines. For example, zoology, botany, microbiology and genetics are all integrated into biology. Integration goes further than Lenovo, that is, integrating the contents of related disciplines into one discipline.

Wide-area courses: also known as "comprehensive courses". The comprehensive course is composed of the contents of several adjacent disciplines. For example, in some countries, geography and history are integrated into a "social studies" course; It integrates physics, chemical ecology, physiology and practical technology into a "comprehensive natural science".

Core course: also known as "problem course". It is a course that takes the problem as the core and combines several subjects, and is taught continuously by a teacher or a group of teachers. The purpose is to integrate the knowledge of independent disciplines and seek a close combination with real life. The above four courses are mainly to correct the shortcomings of too detailed subject courses. The courses are written in combination with related disciplines, so that each subject contains a wide range of scientific fields, which is actually a comprehensive course, but the mutual connection and cooperation of various knowledge are different.

(3) According to the requirements of the curriculum plan for curriculum implementation, it is divided into compulsory courses and elective courses.

1. required course

(1) Basic connotation: refers to the public * * * courses that students must study according to national, local or school regulations, and the courses developed to ensure the basic academic ability of all students.

(2) Advantages and disadvantages: Cultivating and developing students' personality embodies the basic requirements for students, but ignores the development of students' personality.

Eg: Pay attention to the development of students' sexual ability, such as compulsory courses other than languages.

2. Elective courses

(1) Basic connotation: It refers to the courses that individuals are allowed to choose according to the characteristics and development direction of different students, which are developed to adapt to students' personality differences.

(2) Advantages and disadvantages: It satisfies students' hobbies, cultivates and develops students' good personality, but it is not conducive to students' all-round development.

Pay attention to students' personality development.

(4) According to the subject of curriculum design, development and management, it is divided into national curriculum, local curriculum and school-based curriculum.

1. National curriculum

(1) Basic connotation: The national education administrative department is responsible for the compilation, implementation and evaluation of the curriculum.

(2) Advantages: The leading value of the national curriculum lies in reflecting the educational will of the country through the curriculum and ensuring the basic quality of all citizens.

2. Local courses

(1) Basic connotation: the curriculum formulated by local education administrative departments according to national curriculum standards and local development needs.

(2) Advantages: Local curriculum plays an important guiding role in the implementation of local primary and secondary school curriculum, and its leading value lies in meeting the practical needs of local social development through curriculum.

3. School-based curriculum

(1) Basic connotation: the curriculum written, implemented and evaluated by the teachers in the students' school.

(2) Advantages: The leading value of school-based curriculum lies in showing the purpose and characteristics of running a school through the curriculum.

Eg: It mainly reflects the characteristics of the school, and the main body is the teachers of the school.

(5) According to the course tasks, it is divided into basic courses, expanding courses and research courses.

1. Basic courses focus on cultivating students' basic abilities. That is, to cultivate students' basic literacy with the "three basics" (reading, writing and calculating) as the core.

2. Expanding courses focuses on expanding students' knowledge and ability, broadening students' horizons and developing students' special abilities.

3. Research-oriented courses focus on cultivating students' inquiry attitude and ability. This is a course designed and explored by students under the guidance of teachers.

(6) According to the form of curriculum presentation, it is divided into explicit courses and implicit courses.

1. Explicit curriculum, also known as explicit curriculum, regular curriculum, formal curriculum and open curriculum, refers to various disciplines that are formally included in the school teaching plan and carry out purposeful and organized extracurricular activities to achieve certain educational goals.

2. Hidden curriculum, also known as informal curriculum, potential curriculum and hidden curriculum, refers to students' unconscious acquisition of experience, values, ideals and other ideological content and cultural influence in the school situation.

The main manifestations of hidden curriculum: (1) Conceptual hidden curriculum: including the ideology hidden in the explicit curriculum, the school spirit and style of study, the educational thoughts, values, knowledge and teaching style of leaders and teachers,

Teaching guiding ideology and so on. (2) Material hidden courses: including school buildings, classroom layout and campus environment. (3) Institutional hidden curriculum: including school management system, school organization, class management mode and class operation mode.

(4) Psychological concealment courses: mainly including interpersonal relationships in schools, unique mentality and behaviors of teachers and students, etc. The main difference between explicit curriculum and implicit curriculum lies in planning.

(7) Goodrider's curriculum classification

Goodrider, an American scholar, summarized five different courses:

The first is the ideal curriculum, which refers to the courses that some research institutions, academic groups and curriculum experts should offer.

The second is the formal curriculum, which refers to the curriculum prescribed by the administrative department of education.

The third is understanding curriculum, which refers to the curriculum formed by teachers' understanding of formal curriculum.

Fourth, operational courses refer to the courses that teachers actually implement in the classroom.

Fifth, experience course refers to what students actually experience in the learning process.