Senior one politics

Lesson one, magic money

1, commodity

① Meaning ② Necessary conditions:

(3) two basic attributes of goods:

Cause: Generation: It is a commodity in itself, and its function: universal equivalent, which represents the value of all other commodities and acts as a medium of commodity exchange. Function ③ Currency:

4. The imbalance between total social demand and total supply: ① inflation ② deflation.

The performance of this substance: less than demand: the price rises and the paper money depreciates. Impact: paper money depreciates, prices rise, purchasing power declines, living standards decline, commodity sales are difficult, and economic order is chaotic.

② Essence: Supply exceeds demand, performance price drops and paper money appreciates. Influence; To a certain extent, reducing the price increase will benefit people, but a long-term large-scale decline will affect the enthusiasm of production and investment. This economic recession will have an impact on the improvement of people's living standards, leading to weak market consumption, which is not conducive to long-term economic development and people's long-term interests.

Changing course prices

(1) Factors affecting the price:

1, price influencing factors:

(1) Factors affecting the price:

2 The relationship between supply and demand affects the price.

(1) Demand exceeds supply and prices rise.

A seller's market: a market plays a leading role according to the seller's intention.

B. Performance: Goods that are in short supply and the seller is in a favorable position in market transactions can be sold even if the price is raised.

② Supply exceeds demand, and the price is low.

A, the buyer's market is a dominant market.

B, performance, because supply exceeds demand, buy? China is in a favorable position in market transactions, and prices usually tend to fall.

3. Value determines price:

(1) The relationship between price and value.

(1) a, the final value of the price in the market economy. Value is the basis of price, and price is the monetary expression of value.

B, the level of commodity prices, because they contain different values. Other things being equal, the greater the commodity value, the higher the price; It's smaller and cheaper. Social necessary labor time

(2) Determine the value of commodities.

The factors that determine the size are: it is not determined by individual labor time, but by socially necessary labor time for producing goods.

First, socially necessary labor time refers to the time required to manufacture goods with average social labor proficiency and labor intensity under normal production and social conditions.

B, the individual labor hours of the goods produced by the individual producers of the goods used.

② The socially necessary labor time of value goods is in direct proportion. Does the price of goods consume much socially necessary labor time? The larger the value, the smaller the value.

(3) The value of commodities is inversely proportional to social labor productivity.

Productivity of workers. Labor rate ↑↑ Quantity of labor hygiene articles ↑

② Social necessary labor time is the expression of certain social productive forces, which is caused by the changes of social necessary labor time and social productive forces.

The change of individual labor productivity does not affect the value of goods, but it can change the total value created by the change of individual labor time at the same time.

Chart level of labor time, labor productivity and commodity value

The content and manifestation of the law of value.

(1) The value of large and small commodities according to the law of value is realized through the equivalent exchange of commodity production and the value exchange on the basis of commodities.

② Performance: Due to the relationship between supply and demand, commodity prices fluctuate around value, which is the performance of the law of value.

(3) Function: adjust labor and production resources among social departments to achieve optimal distribution), thus stimulating commodity producers to improve technology, management and labor productivity. ((internal optimal allocation) leads to the survival of the fittest in commodity production. (Between enterprises, in short, it is beneficial to optimize resources and allocate resources reasonably and effectively)

The third lesson is colorful consumption.

1, consumption type:

(1: consumption of tangible goods and services) by product type.

(2) Transaction mode: consumer loans with balance of money and goods, and goods rental consumption.

(3) According to the purpose of consumption, living consumption can be divided into subsistence consumption, development of information consumption and consumption of enjoying consumers' subsistence materials. Meeting the low demand level is the most basic consumption, and the development of information consumption can meet the requirements of human development; Enjoy the highest level of information consumption of consumers and meet people's needs.

3, the consumption structure is:

(1), the consumption structure refers to the proportion of all kinds of consumption expenditure in the total consumption expenditure.

(2) Features: Not immutable. With the development of economy, the change of income and direction, it is followed by the need of survival and development, and then the need to enjoy the order.

5. Establish a correct concept of consumption.

(1) Due to the influence of natural conditions, social environment, personal experience and other factors, people's psychology is often different from the complexity of consumers.

(2) the complexity of consumer psychology:

Conformity psychology: comparative psychology: realistic psychology;

6. Be a rational consumer

(1) Live within your means. Moderate consumption. (2) Avoid blind obedience and rational consumption. (3) Environmental protection and green consumption. (4) diligent efforts. & ltBR/ unit, investment and entrepreneurship

Curriculum, production and economic system

Test website: production and economic system

(A) the development of production to meet the needs of consumers

(1) Production determines consumption (determined by people's subjective desire to eat, but in the case of objective material production), production determines the object of consumption, production determines the quality and level of consumption, and production creates motivation for consumers. Material production is the foundation for the survival and development of human society. In a sense, it is the history of human history and production development. Vigorously develop productive forces

Test center: The requirements are: (1) Vigorously develop the productive forces, determine the main contradictions, the fundamental task of socialism in China, and the basic requirements of socialism. China is currently in the primary stage of socialism. The contradiction between people's growing material and cultural needs and backward social production is the main contradiction of society. To solve this contradiction, we must vigorously develop productive forces.

2. Importance: Only by developing productive forces can we establish a solid material socialist system, get rid of backward economy, culture and technology, and narrow the gap between the superiority of the socialist system and developed countries. The historical heritage of developed countries has continuously enhanced China's comprehensive national strength and improved China's international status.

Examination Center III. An economic system with public ownership as the main body and multiple ownership economies developing together.

(Leading role-leading position in state-owned economy-overall public ownership position)

(1) Socialist public ownership is the basic economic feature of production and is based on the socialist economic system;

(3) The dominant position of public ownership is mainly reflected in:

(1) Public assets occupy a dominant position in the total social assets, which should have both quantitative advantages and quality improvement.

(2) Controlling the lifeline of the national economy, the leading role of the state-owned economy in economic development is mainly reflected in the ability to control, that is, the ability to control the development direction of the national economy and the ability to control the important scarce resources of the overall economic operation. State-owned economy must occupy a dominant position in important industries and key fields that are related to the lifeline of the national economy.

Test center, four or five classes, enterprises and workers, manage and develop our company.

1, the profit of the enterprise. (1) The purpose of an enterprise's production and operation activities, the economic organization that provides goods or services, the main participant in social and market economic activities, and the cell of the national economy.

(2) In China, state-owned enterprises, collective enterprises, private enterprises, foreign-invested enterprises and other enterprises coexist, which together constitute the micro-foundation of the socialist market economy.

Factors of business success.

(1) Formulate the correct business strategy. (2) rely on scientific and technological progress and scientific management to form their own competitive advantage.

(3) operate in good faith and establish a good reputation and corporate image.

(4) In the fierce market competition, poorly managed enterprises. will

9. Bankruptcy, merger or bankruptcy of the enterprise. It is the loss of long-term losses, bankruptcy and bankruptcy liquidation of enterprises with no hope of economic phenomena in accordance with legal procedures. It is conducive to strengthening the implementation of bankruptcy system, enhancing enterprise risk awareness, encouraging enterprises to improve their management level and competitiveness, and is conducive to the rational allocation of social resources and the rational adjustment of industrial structure.

Examination place: labor and employment

1, the importance of employment. (1) Expenditure on creative activities of laborers' mental and physical, material and spiritual wealth. In the production process with workers as the main body, it plays a leading role in the development of productive forces. The source of labor is the development and progress of human civilization. Glory belongs to the workers.

2. Severe employment pressure in China. Incomplete conformity ① is larger than the total population and labor force, and the development level of relative productivity is low; (2) the needs of high-quality labor and social and economic development; (3) In the imperfect labor market, the employment information transmission system is not smooth. All these make the country's employment problem prominent, which is heavier and more urgent than any other country from the fundamental interests of the broad masses of the people.

④ The Party and the government began to expand the prominent position of employment in economic and social development, implement active employment policies, and improve the employment and entrepreneurial environment.

3, carry forward the spirit of self-improvement, hard-working, and establish a correct concept of choosing a job.

(1) established the concept of his own works. Deciding what to do independently according to one's interests, specialties and conditions is conducive to bringing everyone's intelligence into play and mobilizing everyone's enthusiasm and creativity in production.

(2) Establish competitive employment prospects. Realize your employment opportunities in the competition of the labor market. We should study hard, improve our skills and quality, change our ideas and actively adapt to the needs of the labor market.

(3) Establish the concept of equal employment. You need the right workers to create social wealth, and there is no distinction between high and low. No matter what kind of work, as long as you are practical and serious, you can make a difference.

(4) Establish employment prospects in various ways. Modern market economy and informatization lead to diversified forms of employment, such as freelancers, flexible working days, increasing temporary employment, choice and greater flexibility, which are realized through employment agencies, media advertisements, online talent markets and job fairs.

Examination Center 6: Protecting Workers

3. Practical rights and interests: the rights enjoyed by workers are based on the realization of their obligations. Therefore, the staff who consciously perform their obligations should be given a correct basis to protect their interests. China's labor contract system, signing labor contracts according to law, is an important basis for safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of employees and workers. When one's rights are infringed, one should complain, consult, mediate, apply for arbitration or appeal to the court for protection, instead of taking illegal measures to retaliate.

Workers, in order to improve their awareness of rights and laws, have their rights of due process violated by legal means, which is the correct choice for every worker.

Lesson 6, Investment Choice

Test basis 7: savings deposits and commercial banks

The meaning of savings deposit: an individual belongs to a legal RMB or foreign currency savings institution, the passbook or deposit certificate of a savings institution, and the principal and interest payment of the deposit of an individual passbook or deposit certificate. According to the activity regulations, savings institutions pay the principal and interest of deposits.

2. China's major savings institutions include commercial banks, credit cooperatives and savings institutions operated by postal enterprises according to law.

3, people's savings deposits have the same purpose, but they can earn interest. Interest is the only income of savings deposits, and bank savings deposits pay compensation. The amount of interest on value-added deposits depends on three factors: subject, maturity date and interest rate level. Interest formula: interest = principal x interest rate x deposit term. In China, 20% of deposit interest income is turned over to the state tax.

And the classification of savings deposits. At present, there are two main types of savings, demand deposits and time deposits. As an investment target, current savings is highly liquid, flexible and convenient, and suitable for storing independent funds in personal daily life, but it brings the advantage of low liquidity. The income of illiquid fixed-term savings is higher than that of current savings, but generally lower than that of bonds and stocks. Bank credit and savings deposits are safer and less risky, but there are also risks of deposit depreciation, inflation, and withdrawal of time and communication deposits.

Test site 8: stocks, bonds and insurance

Unit 3 Income Distribution

Lesson 7, Personal Income Distribution

The test base 1 lost interest according to their risks. His works are the main body, and various distribution methods coexist.

Production determines distribution, and the ownership of the means of production determines the distribution form in the primary stage of socialism with public ownership as the main body and the basic economic system for the common development of various ownership economies. The realization of this distribution according to work is a distribution system in which various distribution modes coexist.

1, the essence of distribution according to work: the basic principles of individuals in the distribution of consumer goods in the socialist public ownership economy.

2, content and requirements: In the public sector of the economy, workers' labor in the total social product (including the quantity and quality of labor) after deducting the necessary scale distribution of all personal consumer goods, the labor force is more or less, but they earn less.

4. Significance: (1) The implementation of distribution according to work is conducive to fully mobilizing the enthusiasm and creativity of workers, thus promoting the development of productive forces. (2) According to his work as a socialist distribution system, the ending fundamentally denies the development of the system and has done nothing for thousands of years. This is an important condition for poverty and the elimination of polarization. It embodies the fair distribution of workers' common labor and social status and is a major reform of the distribution system.

6. Distribution outside labor: the distribution of individual labor achievements and the distribution of production factors.

The second efficiency of the test center is given priority, and fairness is fully considered.

1, insist on efficiency first:

Meaning: Efficiency refers to comparing the input and output of economic activities, indicating the degree of effective utilization of resources. Efficiency saves resources and increases social wealth, and people have been seeking to get the maximum effect with the least investment.

② Efficiency of income distribution:

The efficiency of income distribution has an important impact. As an important part of distribution, reproduction and production determine distribution, but distribution only affects production. If the distribution is conducive to mobilizing the enthusiasm of the people's paratroopers, improving work efficiency and promoting the development of production; On the contrary, it will reduce efficiency and hinder the development of production.

(3) The reasons for giving priority to efficiency and distribution must be adhered to. This is the fundamental task of the primary stage of socialism and conforms to the national conditions. Developing productive forces is the fundamental task in the primary stage of socialism. China has a large population and relatively poor per capita resources. Economic development must fully mobilize the enthusiasm of all departments and improve the efficiency of resource utilization. Stick to Scientific Outlook on Development. Therefore, we must adhere to the priority distribution of efficiency.

2. Give consideration to social equity:

(1) The meaning of fairness: The broad meaning of fairness involves political, economic, legal and other fields. Expo here refers to the fair distribution of income. Fair income distribution, mainly used for income in relatively equal? Distribution, which requires that the income gap between members of society should not be too large to ensure the basic needs of the people.

(2):

The relationship between efficiency and fairness in income distribution, efficiency and fairness are a pair of contradictions and unity of opposites.

① Efficiency is the material premise of fairness. Only by focusing on improving economic efficiency, vigorously developing productive forces, increasing social wealth and realizing social fairness and efficiency, the premise and foundation of fairness can only lead to egalitarianism and widespread poverty.

② Fairness is the only guarantee to improve economic efficiency. Provide adequate welfare and rights for workers, stimulate the development of workers' productivity and improve their enthusiasm for pursuing economic benefits.

The correct combination of efficiency and fairness is the basic requirement of socialist market economy.

3. Give priority to efficiency and give consideration to fairness.

(1) A socialist market economy that embodies the principle of "giving priority to efficiency and giving consideration to fairness".

(1) Efficiency is given priority, and the real primary task is to develop productive forces. The main purpose of distribution system and policy is to promote the development of productive forces and improve economic efficiency.

Considering fairness, the social income gap is controlled within a reasonable range, and the distribution results promote the vitality and vitality of an enterprising society.

(2) How to reflect the fact that China has a large population and relatively scarce natural resources per capita? The income gap is controlled within a reasonable range, and the result of distribution promotes efforts and social vitality.

(3) Implement this principle:

(1) Allow and encourage some regions and individuals to get rich first, promote them to get rich first through honest labor and legal operation, and finally achieve * * * common prosperity.

② Oppose egalitarianism and prevent the income gap from widening; The need to implement the distribution policy also promotes the spirit of dedication, encourages people to start businesses and get rich, and advocates returning to society and getting rich first.

③ Correctly handle the relationship of fair distribution, pay more attention to efficiency, redistribution and primary distribution, and fully mobilize people's enthusiasm to participate in the creation of social wealth with the contribution of personal income and economic activities, thus improving work efficiency and economic benefits. In the redistribution of participating countries, it is necessary to strengthen the adjustment of government income distribution, raise the income level of low income, adjust the illegal income related to high income and raise taxes. By improving the tax system and social security system, the income gap can be controlled within a certain range.

Lesson 8

Test the national income distribution, finance and its role of the website.

Fiscal revenue and expenditure

Fiscal revenue, influencing factors of fiscal revenue: There are many influencing factors of fiscal revenue, including economic development level, distribution policy, and major limiting factors.

4, fiscal expenditure, fiscal expenditure is the allocation and use of state financial funds, through the allocation of fiscal funds, the functions of the state can be realized, and the functions of government fiscal expenditure in the case of material conditions, fiscal expenditure reflects the government's policies.

6 1 fiscal balance and fiscal deficit, fiscal revenue and expenditure, there are only three situations: receiving more, saving more than receiving losses; Income and expenditure are equal. exist

In the national budget and final accounts, the ideal state of equal income and expenditure shows that the funds raised by the state finance have been fully utilized. Almost non-existent. Due to various factors, fiscal revenue and expenditure are completely equal.

(3) Balance of fiscal revenue and expenditure means that fiscal revenue in that year is equal to expenditure or revenue exceeds expenditure, with a slight surplus, exceeding revenue or expenditure and a slight deficit.

Budget deficit this year's fiscal expenditure is greater than a part of fiscal revenue. A budget deficit means relying on borrowing, and

7, the role of finance:

(1) concentrated force

(2) guarantee people's lives

Lesson 10 The fiscal deficit must be controlled within a certain range.

The experimental base needs to transform into a socialist market economy and allocate resources in the market.

1, rationally allocate resources:

To (1) resource allocation is limited, and the demand for resources and people is infinite, which is determined by this contradiction.

The demand is varied and endless, but in a certain period of time, the resources available in the community are always limited. If the production resources used by one product increase, the output of other products will decrease. In order to meet the needs of society as much as possible, limited resources must be allocated reasonably.

2. Basic means of resource allocation: Planning and market are two basic means of resource allocation.

3. Market economy:

① Market economy means that the market plays an important role in the economy of allocating resources.

② In the market economy, what to produce, how to produce it, for whom, the main price fluctuations and changes of market supply and demand, and the arranged and regulated market.

(3) what kind of goods are sold in the market to expand production; Expensive factors of production, insufficient supply, people will reduce the use of these factors, and the market is like an "invisible hand" guiding the production, management, management and distribution of goods.

(1) The market allocates resources, mainly by allocating property in the whole society through markets such as price, supply and demand, and competition.

4. Market allocation resources (channels) and advantages. Timely, accurately and flexibly reflect the market supply and demand and the changes of supply and demand information in the circulation market, and realize the rational allocation of resources and interest leverage.

(2) the market, in the market competition, arouse the enthusiasm of commodity producers and operators, promote scientific progress and enterprise management, promote the improvement of labor productivity, and realize the effective use of resources.

Test base, market order

The meaning and main contents of market rules:

(1) Market rules, laws and regulations, industry standards and market ethics are the basis of market operation. Make specific provisions in all aspects. & ltBR/(2) Market rules, including market access rules, market competition rules and market transaction rules, are rules for qualified enterprise goods to enter the market and maintain fair competition. Market, the provisions of market trading rules on trading behavior. The core of market rules is market trading rules.

3, the principle of market transactions:

(1) includes: voluntariness, equality, fairness, honesty and credit. They regulate the trading behavior and buyers and sellers in the market from different angles.

(3) Honesty is the basic spirit of modern market transactions. Abide by the principles of market transactions and ensure the orderly conduct of market transactions. With this principle, market participants engaged in trading activities will have rules to follow, and buyers and sellers will not cause unnecessary disputes, making the transaction go smoothly. Insisting on trading follows the market demand of voluntariness, equality, fairness, honesty and credit, and operates according to law, but it also strengthens the significance of the title of socialist spiritual civilization.

Test base, restrictions of market supervision:

1, market regulation is not everything:

Not all industries and fields play a role, and the market cannot regulate the supply of public goods in national defense, public security, fire protection and other fields. Dangerous goods and drugs cannot be regulated by the market. When operators are allowed to operate freely, will it seriously endanger the physical and mental health of citizens and corrupt the social atmosphere? Affect social stability.

2, the inherent defects of market regulation:

(2)( 1) spontaneous market regulation. Blindness (3) lag.

Testing center to strengthen national macro-control.

1, necessity:

For the normal development of the socialist market economy, we need to give full play to the role of market regulation and strengthen the macro-control of the country.

② Strengthening macro-control is not only the reason? In view of the limitations of the market and the socialist nature of China, it refers to the goal of socialist public ownership and * * * prosperity.

The significance of the main objectives and means of macro-control.

Meaning: The state comprehensively uses various means to regulate the national economy.

The main objectives are to promote economic growth, increase employment, stabilize prices and maintain the balance of payments.

Examination Website and Socialist Market Economy

1, the significance of socialist market economy

Two basic characteristics: (1) Adhere to the dominant position of public ownership. It is the basic symbol of socialist market economy.

Because the ownership of the means of production is the foundation, the most fundamental difference between the socialist market economy and the capitalist market economy is that whether the basic mode of production runs in the capitalist market economy based on capitalist private ownership or not, the socialist market economy is dominated by the public ownership economy.

(2) * * * aims at prosperity.

③ Implement strong macro-control.

Economic construction of a well-off society

Establish Scientific Outlook on Development.

(1), the basic meaning of Scientific Outlook on Development: people-oriented, establish a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development concept, and promote the all-round development of economy, society and people.

(2) Persisting in people-oriented, people-oriented: the development and evolution of the scientific view of nature. People-oriented, aiming at the all-round development of people, following the fundamental interests of the people, promoting people's development through development, constantly meeting people's growing material and cultural needs, effectively safeguarding people's economic, political and cultural rights and interests, and making development achievements benefit all people's all-round development;

(3) Focusing on economic construction, comprehensively promoting economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, economic development and social progress.

(4) Coordinated development: We should adhere to the "five overall plans", promote the coordination of productive forces and relations of production, economic base and superstructure, promote all aspects of economic, political and cultural construction, and coordinate all aspects of sustainable development.

(5) Promote harmony between man and nature, coordinate economic development with population, resources and environment, adhere to the development path of production development, affluent life and good ecology, and ensure sustainable development from generation to generation.

(6) The establishment of Scientific Outlook on Development means firmly establishing and conscientiously implementing the development concept of Scientific Outlook on Development's harmonious development with society, which will promote the all-round development of socialist material civilization, political civilization, spiritual civilization and harmonious society, and promote the great cause of Socialism with Chinese characteristics more effectively. BR/>； Promote the sustainable development of the economy

Why should we promote the sustainable development of economy?

(1) Development is the top priority of the Party in governing and rejuvenating the country, and it is the main theme of Scientific Outlook on Development, so as to achieve better development.

(2), whether it is to maintain long-term rapid economic development, or to achieve the unity of speed, structure, quality and efficiency, and promote sustainable economic development, thus providing a material basis for all-round social progress and all-round human development.

2. How to achieve sustainable economic development?

(1) Take the road of new industrialization.

The foundation of economic globalization and man's all-round development is opening to the outside world.

Facing economic globalization, the trend of economic globalization

The trend of economic globalization refers to the global distribution of goods, services, technology and capital, which is increasingly interdependent and interrelated with the economies of various countries.

2. There are many manifestations of economic globalization, such as globalization of production, globalization of trade, globalization of capital, globalization of cultural talents, globalization of finance, risk of economic globalization, globalization of production of multinational corporations, globalization of trade and globalization of capital.

(1) With the development of science and technology and the deepening of international division of labor and cooperative production fields and production activities, strengthened and interrelated world production has become a link in the world production chain.

Globalization of production is conducive to giving full play to world advantages and saving social labor.