Practice of "Physical Achievement" in the Important Test Site of Teacher Recruitment Examination

First, the introduction of the exam situation

The achievement of physics is an important test point in the teacher recruitment examination. This part of knowledge appears in the form of multiple-choice questions in the exam, and the objects examined are mostly the achievements of Galileo, Newton and Einstein, as well as their status in physics. In order to strengthen students' understanding and mastery of this knowledge point, we selected several exercises to assist students in preparing for the exam.

Second, typical cases

1. Some scholars believe that the "Copernican Revolution" has promoted the degradation of human status, because it has driven people out of the lofty position in the center of the universe and reduced them to a negligible dust in the endless cosmic machine. This is because of his theory ().

A. Creating modern science based on experiments

B. formed a scientific understanding of the universe.

C. reveal the natural laws of the universe.

D. changed human understanding of the universe.

2. In summing up his scientific research methods, Galileo said, "This is the first time to open the door for a new method, which will bring many wonderful results and win many people's attention in the future." The "new method" here).

A. led to the birth of modern natural science.

B. Emphasis on systematic observation and experiment

C. Emphasis on reasoning and hypothesis demonstration

D. prove Copernicus' new theory wrong

Commenting on a scientist, historians said, "(He) showed people the powerful power of reason, so enlightened people can rely on reason to discover the natural laws that all human systems should follow". The following theory related to this scientist is ().

A. The law of free fall B. Quantum theory

C. Classical mechanics D. Relativity

4.2065438+On September 14, 2005, the gravitational wave signal generated by a double black hole system was detected by two LIGO observatories in Washington State and Louisiana State respectively. After Einstein put forward the concept of gravitational wave 100, the gravitational wave was directly observed for the first time, and it was observed at the night of 17+ 16. The scientific principle involved in the above two science and technology news is ().

A. Classical mechanics B. Special relativity

C. General relativity D. Quantum mechanics

5. The following statement about the relationship between relativity and Newton's classical mechanics is correct ().

A. Relativity denies Newton's classical mechanics.

B. Relativity supplements Newton's classical mechanics.

C. Relativity developed Newton's classical mechanics in negation.

Newton's classical mechanics is a higher form of relativity.

Reference answer

1. Answer D. Analysis: "Copernicus Revolution" refers to the Heliocentrism proposed by Copernicus, which overthrew the previously recognized geocentric theory and changed people's understanding of the universe, so item D is correct; Galileo initiated modern science based on experiments and ruled out item A; Heliocentrism put forward by Copernicus is not a scientific understanding of the universe, because the sun is not the center of the universe, so it cannot reveal the natural laws of the universe, so the term BC is wrong.

2. Answer B. Analysis: Galileo summarized his scientific research methods according to the materials. Combined with what we have learned, Galileo's "new method" emphasizes systematic observation and experiment, so option B is correct. Option a is wrong. The symbol of the birth of modern science is the book On the Operation of Celestial Bodies published by the Polish astronomer Copernicus in 1543, which was published earlier than Galileo. C option is wrong, Galileo advocates research through observation and experiment, but does not advocate hypothesis demonstration; Option d is wrong. Galileo did not prove that Copernicus's "Heliocentrism" was wrong. Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

3. Answer C. Analysis: The materials reflect the enlightenment of scientific development to the ideological emancipation movement. Newton's classical mechanics changed people's epistemology and methodology since the ancient Middle Ages, and inspired people to understand the world rationally. Newton's scientific revolution provided a theoretical basis for the Enlightenment, so the correct answer is C.

4. Answer C. Analysis: Einstein's general theory of relativity holds that space is changeable and curved, depending on the distribution of matter. The material "gravitational wave signal produced by double black hole system" is a theory of space and belongs to the research category of general relativity, so B is correct; A is Newton's classical mechanics, which mainly studies the law of low-speed motion of objects; B mainly studies the phenomenon of temporal and spatial changes; Study the phenomena in the microscopic field of matter.

5. Answer C. Analysis: Based on Einstein's theory of relativity, this paper puts forward that time and space can be changed, which breaks Newton's absolute view of time and space and is also the inheritance and development of Newtonian mechanics. It can be seen that c meets the meaning of the question; AB statements are too one-sided; D statement itself is incorrect.