What is the difference between a professional master and an academic master? Is it easy to test? Thank you for your questions.

First, the difference between an ordinary master and a professional master is different. General master's education focuses on cultivating teaching and scientific research talents, and the types of degrees awarded are mainly academic degrees; △ Professional Master is a master's degree with a professional background, which is set up to train high-level professionals in a specific occupation. The enrollment conditions are different. Ordinary masters do not require applicants to have a certain number of years of work experience. △ Professional Master requires applicants to have a certain number of years of work experience. Most professional masters also require on-the-job employees to obtain the consent of their units or corresponding management departments, and some even require their units to recommend them. The entrance exam is different. The entrance examination for ordinary postgraduate students is only the "unified examination" at the beginning of the year, and the professional examinations other than the unified examination are put forward and marked by the enrollment unit itself. △ There are two opportunities for the entrance examination for professional masters: the "joint examination" in May 438+10 and the "unified examination" at the beginning of the year. Candidates can choose by themselves, and the professional examinations of these two national examinations are also set and marked by the enrollment units themselves. The national unified entrance examination (unified examination) for graduate students with different entrance difficulties is completely representative of strictness and leniency. According to statistics, in 2005, the number of people taking the postgraduate entrance examination was1170,000, and the enrollment was only 320,000, with an enrollment ratio of 3.7: 1. Famous universities such as Peking University, Tsinghua and Fudan University, as well as popular majors such as microelectronics, information science, biomedicine, world economy and international finance, have a low admission rate due to a large number of applicants. It is understood that the enrollment ratio of popular majors in some prestigious schools even reaches 70: 1. But some unpopular majors in second-rate schools are not satisfied every year. Therefore, the difficulty of admission depends on the schools and majors that candidates apply for. △ There are two opportunities for the entrance examination for professional masters: the "joint examination" in June 5438+ 10 and the "unified examination" at the beginning of the year, and candidates can choose by themselves. The professional examinations of these two national examinations are put forward and marked by the admissions unit itself. The entrance difficulty of different majors is different, and the popular majors are relatively difficult. For example, in 2004, the MBA admission ratio of Fudan University, Jiaotong University and Finance University in Shanghai was around 6: 1; The national admission rate of LLM in 2004 was less than 10%. In addition, the difficulty of "joint examination" and "unified examination" is different. Because there are many more candidates for the "unified examination", the competition for the examination is naturally fierce. However, although the entrance examination is easy, the applicant's work background and experience are more important in the admission. Different learning methods ▽ General Master: full-time study. Usually three years. △ Professional Master: part-time, with a schooling of 2-3 years. The cost of study is different. Recruiting ordinary graduate students who are planned by the state (non-directional and directional) will enjoy tuition-free treatment according to state regulations. As an unplanned enrollment (commissioned training, self-funded), graduate students must pay tuition, which is generally 8000 yuan/year, which varies according to their majors. For self-funded students, poor students and other candidates, we can apply for national student loans or commercial loans to ease the pressure on tuition fees. △ Professional master's tuition fees vary greatly according to different professional categories. For example, the MBA tuition fee is ten or even hundreds of thousands of yuan, while the master of engineering tuition fee is generally 30,000-40,000 yuan. Professional masters generally cannot apply for national student loans. Diplomas are awarded in different ways. Ordinary masters award degrees and academic certificates at the same time. △ Most professional masters only award degree certificates, and there is no academic certificate. But there are exceptions, such as MBA, master of law, master of medicine, master of architecture and so on. At the same time, the degree and diploma are awarded. Generally speaking, "unified examination" students get "double certificates" and "joint examination" students get different degrees of recognition of "documents" ▽ Ordinary master: As full-time regular university graduates, they have double certificates of academic degrees, and the society has a very high degree of recognition for such graduates. However, enterprises will also consider the weakness of full-time graduate students when recruiting: only theory, lack of experience. Especially for job seekers whose master's degree and undergraduate degree are completely different, and job seekers who have never had relevant work experience, enterprises will have scruples. It is suggested that such graduates should strengthen their competitiveness through internships, part-time jobs or taking vocational certificates. △ Professional Master: The MBA who took the unified examination in June 5438+10 can get double certificates, while the master of engineering can only get a degree certificate at present, so the market recognition of professional master is slightly different. Of course, with the increasing types of professional masters in recent years, the number of applicants has increased year after year, so popularity has driven the market effect, and the recognition and job-seeking status have gradually improved. Many enterprises no longer require academic certificates, but pay more attention to the gold content of professional degree certificates themselves. Professional master and academic master are different from master of science, general master, academic master and engineering master. They are both professional masters, applied masters, and dual-certificate masters in engineering. There are two directions for postgraduate education and training in China. One is an ordinary master and the other is a professional master. Many students have begun to prepare for the 20 10 master's exam. In view of their vague concepts of these two types of education and training methods, relevant experts have explained this. Ordinary masters award degrees, focusing on cultivating teaching and scientific research talents. The examination time is about every year 1 month, which is referred to as "unified examination" (the full name of the examination is "national unified entrance examination for postgraduate students"). Professional masters mainly train senior professionals in specific occupations. Its learning style is flexible, which can be roughly divided into two categories: on-the-job learning and full-time learning. The annual recruitment time for professional masters is about 10, which is referred to as "joint examination" (the full name of the examination is "national joint examination for on-the-job personnel studying for master's degrees"). These two kinds of examinations are different in registration conditions, examination difficulty, study time, cost standard and recognition degree. I. Enrollment Conditions In the enrollment conditions for professional masters, applicants are generally required to have more than three years of work experience. Most professional masters need the approval of the unit when they apply for the exam, and some even need the recommendation of the unit. The above requirements do not exist in the enrollment conditions of ordinary masters. Second, the difficulty of the exam is only once a year, that is, at the beginning of the year. Over the years, the number of applicants has been increasing, and the actual number of applicants only accounts for about one-third of the applicants. Especially the hot majors are highly competitive. These popular majors, such as Peking University, Tsinghua, Tianda and Fudan, have a high number of applicants. The proportion of popular majors in some prestigious schools even reached 70: 1. For professional masters, different majors have different entrance difficulties, and popular majors are relatively difficult. However, the examination questions of the professional master's entrance examination are easier than those of the unified examination. When recruiting candidates, it pays more attention to their work background and experience. Third, the study time and cost standard Generally, the master's degree is a full-time study system, and the time to complete the study is generally three years. Professional master's study is part-time and lasts for two to three years. In addition, there are also great differences in tuition standards between the two. Ordinary masters are admitted as graduate students in the national plan and enjoy tuition-free treatment according to state regulations. However, candidates who are admitted out of the national plan all have the expenses of entrusted training or self-payment, and different majors are different. Since 2007, with the approval of the State Education Commission, some universities have tried to cancel the public tuition system for graduate students. Instead, the scholarship system is used as an incentive to allow more students with excellent academic performance to get scholarships and complete their studies during their studies. This reformed postgraduate education and training system will be gradually popularized and tried out in the postgraduate training of more colleges and universities in the future. Professional master's tuition fees vary according to different majors. Moreover, at this stage, this degree type is not allowed to apply for a national student loan. Fourth, the degree of recognition Due to the different training purposes and tendencies, the final degree recognition of the two types of master's examinations is also different. The recognition of general master's degree is slightly higher than that of professional master's degree. Candidates trained by ordinary masters will receive graduation certificates and degree certificates after meeting the degree requirements and assessment requirements. In addition to a few majors such as MBA, professional masters can only get a degree certificate, not a diploma. Because the professional master's recruitment background itself attaches great importance to the applicant's work background and practical experience. Therefore, market recognition will naturally be higher than that of ordinary masters. In recent years, with more and more kinds of master's degrees, the number of applicants has increased year by year, so popularity has driven the market effect, and its recognition and job-seeking status are also improving year by year.