Why did male embroidery workers appear in Qing Dynasty?

During Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty, Shu embroidery gradually entered the market, forming a specialized scale production. Huang San Shenhui is a non-governmental organization, which was founded as a non-governmental Shu embroidery organization. This is a professional guild of embroidery industry composed of shopkeepers, foremen and embroiderers.

This formal suspension, the establishment of professional rules, the determination of professional division of labor, and the maintenance of the interests of all parties in the industry show that Shu embroidery has gradually entered the market from the family, forming a large-scale production widely needed by society. At that time, there were eighty or ninety embroidery workshops in Jiulong Lane and Hakka Lane in Chengdu.

Embroidery in the early days of Huang San Expo can be divided into three categories: first, wearing clothes, making dresses, summer skins, sleeves and other practical products; The second is the wardrobe, which produces costumes and lanterns; Third, screens and color accounts for weddings, funerals and happy events.

It is said that during the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty, an official was transferred from Suzhou to Sichuan, and in the accompanying troupe, three masters of garment embroidery were all men. At that time, women were not allowed to go out as apprentices, but only men, so almost all the old artists of Shu embroidery were men.

During the Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, the Qing government set up the Sichuan Provincial Persuasion Bureau in Chengdu, covering an area of tens of acres, with embroidery departments, and the county persuasion offices also set up embroidery departments. Zhang Weishi, a master of Chinese painting, was also hired to inherit and innovate embroidery from nearly 30 technicians and more than 20 apprentices.

At that time, a number of distinctive painters, such as Liu Zibian's landscape, Zhao Heqin's flowers and birds, the lotus flowers and the insect fish in Zhang Zhian, entered embroidery, which not only improved the artistic appreciation level of Shu embroidery, but also produced a number of famous embroiderers, such as Wang, Luo Wensheng and so on.

With the cooperation, Zhang Chuang made a dizzy needle with the effect of Chinese painting, embroidered embroidery such as tiger and leopard, flowers and plants, figures and Bo Gu, and imitated the composition of Chinese painting. The composition tends to be concise and the colors are harmonious, which reflects the local style of Shu embroidery in artistic appreciation.

Shu embroidery is simple in structure and generally does not emphasize gathering and scattering. The distribution of patterns is suitable for the area of embroidery, which is rich and saves labor and embroidery. Processing and refining natural images such as flowers and birds, landscapes, figures, animals, aquatic animals and insects, highlighting the theme. Most of the characters are historical subjects. Traditional folk stories and figures are car embroidery, with thick and thin embroidery lines. Among the embroidery of daily necessities, Sichuan embroidery is most famous for its dragon and phoenix embroidered quilt cover.

Most of the famous Shu embroiderers are male embroiderers, such as Liu, who is good at embroidering traditional themes, Ye Lanting and Ye Chunyuan, who are good at embroidering landscapes and flowers and birds, Ye, who is famous for his delicacy, Peng Yongxing, who embroiders carp and panda, and so on. These male embroiderers have excellent embroidery skills and made great achievements.

In this way, Shu embroidery has further developed into a fine product, and has been awarded tribute by the rulers of the Qing Dynasty many times, and some embroiderers have been awarded the title of "five products with the same knowledge". Shu embroidery takes soft satin and colored silk as the main raw materials, and its embroidery skills are very unique. There are at least 65,438+000 kinds of exquisite needle embroidery techniques, such as colorful embroidery, thread embroidery with embroidery and painting, exquisite Shuang Mianxiu, gauze needle, pointed needle and needle cover, which are all very unique and exquisite techniques.