"Top-down" and "Bottom-up" * * Building beautiful countryside

20 13 The General Office of the Ministry of Agriculture issued "Opinions on Developing beautiful countryside" and started the construction of beautiful countryside. In the same year, relying on the central policy, Henan Province issued the "Implementation Opinions of Henan Provincial Department of Finance on Giving Full Play to the Role of Financial Awards and Compensation in Promoting the Pilot Construction of beautiful countryside" and the "Guide to the Application for the Pilot Construction of beautiful countryside, Henan Province". These policies are the implementation of provincial "top-down" beautiful countryside construction. At the same time, all walks of life have also realized the importance of ecological environment protection and beautiful countryside construction, and the "bottom-up" beautiful countryside construction has also started spontaneously, which has brought about earth-shaking changes in the rural landscape of our province.

The top-down model is effective.

With the mechanism of "competitive project establishment, standardized management, environmental improvement, operation and maintenance, and performance evaluation", our province has established different beautiful countryside construction modes, such as small town construction, urban and rural development as a whole, characteristic industry development, poverty alleviation and relocation, and traditional village protection. The project system and the pilot system have greatly stimulated the vitality of the grassroots. From 20 13 to 20 16, our province established 562 pilot projects for beautiful countryside construction, and guided social funds to invest in pilot projects through provincial financial guidance. In 20 17, our province started the construction project competition of demonstration counties in beautiful countryside, and * * * 3 1 county was established as a demonstration county in beautiful countryside. The establishment of demonstration counties indicates that the construction of beautiful countryside in our province has entered a stage from point to surface. The infrastructure conditions and living environment of villages where the township government is located and key central villages have been significantly improved, the level of equalization of public services has been significantly improved, and the efficiency of township population agglomeration has been improved. On 20 17, our province also issued the notice of "Innovation of High-standard Farmland Construction Mode in the Pilot Project of Comprehensive Agricultural Development and beautiful countryside Construction". After screening, suiping county, Zhumadian City, was approved to carry out the pilot work of high-standard farmland construction mode innovation for comprehensive agricultural development and beautiful countryside construction projects. Since 20 18, a series of combination boxing to improve rural human settlements, such as garbage disposal, sewage treatment, toilet revolution and village appearance improvement, have significantly improved the level of rural human settlements in the province. During this period, 6.37 million households have transformed harmless sanitary toilets, and the popularization rate of sanitary toilets has reached 83%. More than 85% of counties (cities, districts) have established a market-oriented cleaning mechanism integrating urban and rural areas, and 95% have completed it.

The achievements of our province have also been affirmed by the state: on the first batch of national village planning demonstration lists, "Yang Fan Village Planning in Jingju Temple Scenic Area, Guangshan County, Xinyang City" is impressively listed; On the list of the second batch of towns with ethnic characteristics, "Luanchuan Town, Ruzhou City, Zhu Lin Town, gongyi city, etc. 1 1 Town" is on the list; In 20 17, there are 3 demonstration villages of basic security, 4 demonstration villages of environmental improvement and 3 demonstration villages of beautiful countryside. In the list of demonstration counties of rural domestic waste classification and resource utilization in 2020, yongcheng city of Shangqiu City and Guangshan County of Xinyang City in our province are on the list, and among the featured leisure beautiful countryside recommended by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, there are 8 finalists in Henan Province.

To sum up, the top-down construction of beautiful countryside is based on the support of national and local financial funds, with project competition as the main means, through the formulation of policies by superiors and implementation by subordinates, to stimulate the entrepreneurial spirit of grassroots organization officers, encourage villagers to explore characteristic industries and cultures, and improve the rural living environment and ecological environment in a "point-to-area" way.

The bottom-up model is a necessary supplement.

The bottom-up construction mode of beautiful countryside has the characteristics of "sneaking into the night with the wind, moistening things silently". It mainly relies on private capital, and with the participation of social elites, beautifies the rural environment and purifies rural humanities in a low-cost, high-standard and humanized way. This model not only increases the happiness of rural aborigines, but also increases the sense of value of urban residents, and opens up the circulation of factors between urban and rural areas. It is a model worth popularizing. The following is an analysis of several common patterns.

First, develop tourism and homestay economy to promote the construction of beautiful countryside. Mo Gou Village in Mengzhou City used to be a remote village with traffic jams. In the past two years, a group of villagers have returned to their hometowns to start businesses, fully tap local landscape resources and potholes, build an ecological water system, open family hotels and farmhouse restaurants, develop rural tourism and homestay economy, and hold traditional culture lecture halls. The village is full of people and rich in cultural activities, which brings a new civilized atmosphere to the countryside. 80% of the young people in Tang Hao Village, Pingqiao District, Xinyang City go back to their hometowns to start businesses without digging mountains, filling pits, picking houses and cutting down trees. Taking the unique natural environment, ancient villages and folk customs as the soul of the village, the village is integrated into nature, and "the countryside becomes a park, the agricultural area becomes a scenic spot, and the farm house becomes a guest room", and it is selected as a beautiful and livable village in the country.

Second, run organic recycling farms to promote the construction of beautiful countryside. Xiaoliugu Village, Yuanyang County, Xinxiang City was originally a poor village. Farmer Li Wei and Japanese expert Kawasaki Hirohito reformed the original pig farm and developed an organic recycling yard. Kawasaki, 70, posted slogans such as "Don't drink white wine during the day", "Don't smoke and spit" and "Be diligent in cleaning toilets" on the window of the farm office. Through concentrated demonstration, nearby villagers have developed the habit of consciously cleaning the courtyard, paying attention to hygiene and caring for the environment. The contribution of the farm is: attracting foreigners to visit and study in Xiaoliugu through training business; Vegetable greenhouses rely on organic fertilizers and manual maintenance, sell products through e-commerce platforms, and provide employment opportunities for villagers; Compost and liquid fertilizer are used free of charge by villagers, who contribute raw materials. Xiaoliugu Farm is currently listed as a "circular agriculture demonstration farm". The circular agriculture on the farm has gradually improved the local ecology. This poor village along the Yellow River has also attracted the return of animals such as geese and egrets, and the poor village has become beautiful, beautiful and beautiful.

These are the ways that people in society use funds to promote industrial development to improve the rural landscape. Industrial development is also the only way for beautiful countryside's sustainable development.

* * * Policy suggestions for building beautiful countryside.

The top-down construction of beautiful countryside can effectively improve the rural living environment and natural ecological environment, and should continue to serve rural residents. The bottom-up construction of beautiful countryside can supplement the rural areas not covered by the policy, such as barren hills and uninhabited ancient villages. We should encourage and mobilize all forces to transform these space fields spontaneously, improve the local ecological environment and serve the needs of society. Specific policy recommendations are as follows:

First, in accordance with the requirements of the beautiful countryside Construction Guide, we will continue to promote the establishment of village planning, village construction, village capacity improvement, rural customs control, and public service supply. These activities cannot be handed over to the market and need to be improved through top-down financial funds and political pressure. However, our province's efforts to fight for central financial funds are not strong enough, and our province's emphasis on the protection of traditional villages and our ability to fight for higher-level finance need to be strengthened. Only by strengthening the ability to obtain higher-level finance can we ensure the continuous progress of the construction of beautiful countryside in our province.

The second is to deepen the reform of rural land system, broaden the circulation scope of homestead, cultivated land and collective construction land, extend the circulation cycle, do a good job in property right confirmation and protection, and expand the market scope. Encourage social capital to carry out organic planting, modern forestry and modern animal husbandry in rural areas, build platforms to promote cooperation between large family farms and small farms, and use unified channels in procurement, planting and sales environment to reduce industrial costs. Formulate measures to support the development of organic circular agriculture and encourage capital to develop healthy old-age care industries and tourism and leisure industries in rural areas. At the same time, do a good job in the supervision of illegal construction in rural areas, and put an end to infrastructure, buildings and halls, illegal villa construction and other acts through satellite data and other means. Develop rural industrial economy from bottom to top to provide industrial support for beautiful countryside's construction.

Third, guide science and technology to empower beautiful countryside's construction. Encourage social capital to participate in the construction of digital agriculture and digital villages, promote the application of agricultural remote sensing, Internet of Things, 5G, artificial intelligence and blockchain, and improve the informatization level of agricultural production, rural governance and social services; Participate in the investment in the construction of agricultural and rural information infrastructure, basic data resource system and big data center of the whole industrial chain of important agricultural products; Encourage social capital to participate in the "internet plus" agricultural products from the village to the city project, information into the village and household project construction, promote online sales of high-quality agricultural products with characteristics, and promote the docking of agricultural products production and marketing. Guide financial technology companies to provide scientific and technological support for the construction of beautiful countryside through a "bottom-up" approach.

Fourth, officials, retirees from enterprises and institutions and migrant workers are encouraged to participate in rural construction as "sages of new countryside". Xinxiang county is a "converter" for transmitting old and new cultures. They can infect people around them with their own personality charm, convey national policies and modern knowledge in a way that they like to see and hear, and unite people's hearts. Xinxiang county is also a "safety valve" to alleviate social contradictions. They can use their high group status to solve conflicts among villagers and between villagers and policies. Therefore, formulating specific policies to encourage the wise to retreat to the countryside and solve their specific difficulties in rural life will help to complete the "governance civilization" in the construction of beautiful countryside.

In a word, the construction of beautiful countryside should pay attention to the differences in conditions, adhere to local conditions and give guidance by classification. Instead of a one-size-fits-all approach, it is better to pay more attention to the characteristics and individuality of villages, guide them according to the situation, promote the harmony between people and between people and nature, and complement each other in village form and ecological environment.