Hangzhou aerial survey recruitment

Abstract: Landscape architecture is juxtaposed with architecture and urban planning abroad, but it is not an affiliated subject. Some dictionaries and some comrades adopt the translation of "landscape architecture (science)" or "landscape architecture (science)", which easily gives people the impression that landscape architecture is a part (category) of architecture or a new branch discipline, and this major is very similar to domestic landscape architecture in terms of professional background, subject content and location. Landscape design is an integral part of environmental design. The scenic spot planning, which stretches for tens of kilometers, and courtyard design, which is as small as ten square meters, all belong to the category of landscape design. Landscape design is the design of land, and its basic principles are: understanding human nature and respecting people; Understand the natural process, respect nature and respect the "God" of the land. Landscape design refers to the realization of the coordination and harmonious coexistence between man and nature through the design of the environment.

Keywords: landscape; Landscape design; Landscape architecture; Urban design; Land design; Discipline; Landscape architect;

Landscape architecture is synonymous with international disciplines, and it is no longer strange in China. However, judging from the word "landscape architecture" appearing in some English-Chinese dictionaries, professional journals and translations of urban planning, architecture and landscape architecture, and scientific and technological terminology publications issued by the state, there are great differences and differences in the understanding and translation of this word, including landscape architecture, landscape architecture, landscape architecture, landscape architecture and so on.

As a discipline term, landscape architecture can be traced back to the early American garden practice in the middle of19th century, especially the urban park movement, which contributed to the formation of this major. Although the center of the whole garden was still in Europe at this time, especially the British landscape architecture in the 18 and 19 centuries had a great influence on the American landscape architecture industry, the traditional professional terms "landscape architecture" and "landscape gardener" were still widely used. Before landscape architecture became a discipline term, the professional name of landscape architect appeared. The appearance of this name has something to do with olmsted, a landscape architect known as the father of American gardens, and his co-architect Fox. By the twentieth century, quite a few designers still used landscape gardeners. Other designers prefer landscape designers or landscape engineers. The use of landscape architecture as a discipline term is full of controversy with the appearance of this word. Olmsted is not satisfied with landscape architecture as a discipline term, but he is also confused. Because in the face of the new environment and practice at that time, no one put forward a more appropriate name. Although gardening was still a popular term at that time, the word landscape architecture was gradually used and became popular. When talking about the definition of landscape architecture, the British landscape scholar R.A.Preece thinks that the scope, nature and development direction of a major can be understood from its main focus. He believes that landscape architecture is the only major whose main responsibility is to improve the quality of outdoor space. As early as 1960s, Heilprin, an American landscape architect, made an incisive exposition on the professional nature and direction of landscape architecture: the main interest of landscape architecture lies in open space and related fields, and emphasized the significance, importance and availability of these space designs. American Landscape Architecture: Designers and Places (1989), edited by William H.Tishler, a professor at the University of Wisconsin, with more than 40 famous experts and scholars participating in the editing, introduces the representative designers in the development history of American landscape architecture and their major professional activities. Most of the contents are the same or similar to the actual work nature of domestic landscape professionals. As for the discipline and occupation of landscape architecture in the 20th century, IFLA stipulated in its articles of association: "In view of the long-term health, happiness and happiness of people all over the world, it is based on people living in harmony with their living environment and using resources wisely; Moreover, due to the continuous growth of population and the rapid development of scientific and technological capabilities, people's social, economic and material needs for resources are also increasing! In order to meet the growing demand for resources without deteriorating the environment and wasting resources, we need a kind of expertise, skills and experience closely related to the relationship between natural systems, the evolution of nature and the development of human society. These specialized and qualified knowledge, skills and experience are all found in the practice of landscape architecture. " 1986 In March, the international academic conference on geological planning education was held in the Graduate School of Design, Harvard University. N Education For Landscape Planning) clearly expounds the meaning of landscape planning discipline: "This is a multidisciplinary comprehensive science, and its key areas involve land use, natural resource management, development and change of agricultural areas, earth ecology and the landscape of towns and metropolises." It can be seen that the most modern concept of this subject has been extended to "Earth surface planning".

To sum up, I think landscape architecture keeps pace with architecture and urban planning abroad, and it is not a subordinate discipline. If only "×× architecture" is used for translation, it is easy to give people the impression that landscape architecture is a part (category) of architecture or a new branch discipline. However, it is impossible to include L.A. in any broad sense of architecture and large buildings. Architecture is a comprehensive subject of art and science that uses inanimate materials to design juice. Landscape architecture is a comprehensive discipline of art and science, which is designed with living materials and materials related to plant communities and natural ecosystems. Obviously, the two are irreplaceable. Although the landscape architecture discipline in some advanced countries abroad has a wider scope and more contents, and it has a deeper penetration with other disciplines, the nature of the discipline is the same, and the pulse of its emergence and development is the same. So I think it would be more appropriate to translate landscape architecture into "garden", "landscape architecture" and "landscape design of the earth".

At present, the research content and professional scope of landscape architecture mainly include urban landscape planning, rural landscape planning, landscape planning of garden scenic spots and landscape planning of nature reserves. Now, landscape architecture should not only solve the green space problem in China, but also solve the survival, health and safety problems of 654.38+300 million people in China in the future. After entering the 2 1 century, human beings first established a new discipline focusing on green biosystems engineering. This new comprehensive engineering discipline is to build a green biosystems engineering in "artificial environment" (such as cities, villages, factories, mines, etc.). ), and integrate it with civil engineering and construction engineering systems to build a safe, hygienic, quiet, healthy, comfortable, beautiful and civilized. The second is to put forward protection countermeasures for the physical environment of "people" outside the artificial environment, such as national forest reserves, national nature reserves, natural heritage reserves, national natural parks, glaciers, canyons, water systems, oceans, deserts, mountains, lakes, grasslands, wetlands and other natural environments, and make reserve planning. This subject is a comprehensive subject, focusing on "biology and ecology" and combining with other non-biological subjects (such as civil engineering, architecture, urban planning), philosophy, history, literature and art, etc. Its basic knowledge includes natural sciences such as geology, physical geography, pedology and meteorology, and biological sciences such as biology, botany and ecology. Agricultural applied sciences, such as horticulture and forestry; And a new discipline of Green biosystems engineering, which integrates literature, art and aesthetics. Including the small-area landscape design of classical gardens, gardens and parks, the design of roads, buildings, stacked rocks and mountains, and the planning, design and construction of garden green space system engineering in modern big cities; From the design of a small garden to the macro, it involves land use, management of natural resources, changes and development of agricultural areas, protection of the earth's ecology, and planning of garden green space systems in towns and big cities; At the same time, the application of modern frontier science and technology, such as aerial survey and remote sensing technology, satellite remote sensing technology and computer technology. Landscape architects have irreplaceable responsibilities and advantages in other professions.

From the industrial revolution and urbanization (1mid-8th century) to today, the development of landscape architecture has gone through two stages: gardening and gardening, and landscape architecture has also changed from simply "using engineering technology and artistic means in a certain area" to. Beautiful natural environment and recreational environment created by transforming the terrain (or further building mountains, piling stones and controlling water), planting trees and flowers, building and arranging garden roads. , has evolved into a rapidly developing discipline with an increasingly large field of work, including the planning, expansion and reconstruction of new towns, roads and highways, the construction of national natural parks, reservoirs, the reconstruction of forests, mining areas and industrial areas. Since 1960s, the ecological planning (landscape) represented by Macharg's Design with Nature (1969) has given LA a historical mission from saving the city to saving mankind and the earth. It's none of my business that the rose in your back garden is dead! As Macharg said, "Don't ask me about your garden, don't ask me about your little flower or your dying tree … We (landscape architects) are here to tell you about survival, how the world exists, and how to act wisely in front of nature". From this perspective, landscape architecture has entered a new era, that is, "land planning".

Conclusion: Landscape is a comprehensive whole, which is realized under certain economic conditions. It must meet social functions, conform to the laws of nature and follow ecological principles. At the same time, it belongs to the art category. Without any of them, the design will be flawed. Although due to different cultures and concepts, each designer has his own emphasis. However, if landscape design works want to have lasting vitality, they must be balanced with each other in general, and one or two factors are particularly prominent. Therefore, it is not difficult to understand why some people criticize some ecological designs for being too dull, lacking artistic value, or overemphasizing nature and ignoring people's needs. Although some purely functionalist works have good sociality, they are divorced from culture and nature, and at the same time they do not have a considerable artistic level. Such works are hard to attract people's attention. Similarly, a design that blindly pursues culture and artistry, but even the basic use functions are not well satisfied, can not become an excellent design. Landscape design involves many problems such as science, art, society and economy, which are inseparable and complement each other. Works with reasonable functions and meeting the extensive needs of different groups of people mean that they are efficient, and a certain amount of resources have produced the greatest benefits, which also means that they conform to certain ecological principles; Human resources are limited, and the most accessible resources are those saved by efficient use of existing resources, so ecologism has changed from an experiment or consciousness to a factor closely related to the economy; Works of art mean amazing potential, which can improve the visual environment of a region, enhance the value of a plot, and link with social economy. Today, more landscape designers pursue the balance between these factors, that is, landscapes with reasonable use functions, good ecological and economic benefits and high-quality artistic standards. Today's landscape design presents a diversified development trend. Although the concept of function first is questioned, function has always been concerned, and art, decoration and form have always been concerned; The value of traditional gardens is also respected and the classical style is acceptable; The involvement of other disciplines makes its knowledge field broader; With the progress of science and technology, landscape design has more possibilities and new forms, and modern landscape has become more inclusive. With the development of society, the content of landscape is constantly developing, and the emergence of new landscape types poses new challenges to designers. Today's landscape design has become more and more colorful and diverse in style, and their value remains to be tested by time. But those works with long-term vitality should be works of art closely related to the spirit of the times. They absorb the spirit of history, but never imitate the inherent style. They conform to scientific principles and reflect social needs, technological development, new aesthetic concepts and value orientations.

References:

Value Orientation of Modern Gardens Author: Wang Xiangrong Lin Jing Publishing: China Gardens.

The Significance of Returning Land and Landscape to Integrity —— Re-discussion on the Application of Landscape Design in Landscape Architecture. In Publishing: China Landscape Architecture 2004(7):37-40.

Is landscape architecture "landscape/landscape architecture"? "Author: Xiaojun Wang

Landscape Architecture from Gardening, Gardening Art, Landscape Architecture to Landscape Architecture and Surface Planning Author: Xiaoxiang Sun's China Gardens, April 2002.

Chinese translation of Landscape Architecture by Wang Shaozeng 1: 67-68.

On the objectives, tasks and basic principles of landscape planning Author: Xiao Duning Xiaowen Li Publishing: Journal of Ecology 1998(3):46-52.

Land Design: Science and Art of Landscape Author: Published in: Planner 2004-2.

Prospect of Landscape Design: Internationality and China Characteristics: Antji Stockman/Stephanie Ruff, Internationality and Identity-Exploration of Contemporary Design in China, Topos, 5 1: Foreground Landscape, 2005, pp. 66-75.

Sustainable design: from concept to realization Author: Sun Chengren Zheng Shengxuan Publishing: New Building 2002(0 1):5 1-54