How to read about my country’s employment difficulties essay 3

Introduction?

As an important force in promoting national development, college students are the country’s precious human resources, the hope of the nation and the future of the motherland. The issue of employment has attracted more and more attention. Employment is an important choice in the life of college students. Every college student hopes that he can have a suitable position in society, contribute to society, and realize his own value. Especially today in the 21st century, the number of college graduates in various countries is on the rise, and employment of college students has become the primary issue that needs to be solved. Today's college graduates are faced with the tense situation of "ambushes in front and pursuers behind". For college students, The employment difficulty situation is becoming increasingly serious. From the perspective of the causes of employment problems in the country, Niall O Higgins (2002) believes that the supply and demand of graduates, demand and the matching of supply and demand are the primary reasons for the difficulty in finding employment for college students, which is mainly highlighted in the results and quantity of job positions. Self-overestimation of expected income is a common problem, that is, the inability to clearly understand the huge gap between reality and expected ideals. College students' self-perception ability, that is, knowledge level, personal ability, comprehensive quality, etc., is an important factor affecting employment. The distribution structure of the market economy is irrational, and a surplus of college student labor is an objective reality. The mismatch, mismatch, and large discrepancy between market demand and the people in the required positions is another important reason that affects employment. Faced with many factors that make it difficult for college students to find employment, we should strive to "start small and think big" to solve the current dilemma of college graduates finding employment in our country. ?

?1. The current employment status of college students in my country?

Before 1999, the enrollment rate of school-age youth in my country was less than 10%, far lower than the world average. In recent years, with the With the continuous development of economic and other social undertakings, my country's higher education has transformed from an elite model to a popular model. . The expansion of enrollment in our country's colleges and universities began in 1999, when the Ministry of Education's "Education Revitalization Action Plan for the 21st Century" proposed that by 2010, the gross income rate of higher education should reach 15% of the school-age youth. As early as 2002, the national higher education gross income enrollment rate It reached 15% for the first time, entering the stage of popularization of education ahead of schedule. By 2010, the national gross enrollment rate of higher education reached 26.5%, further improving the quality of popularization of higher education. In the mass education stage, receiving higher education has become a right for the majority of people. Therefore, compared with the elite education stage, college students are no longer the "darlings" and "elites" under the planned economic system, and college students' employment is no longer all-inclusive. , but to participate in social competition fairly, implement two-way choices, and choose careers independently. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, the total number of graduates from ordinary colleges and universities nationwide reached 27 million, with an average annual growth of 540,000. The initial employment rate of graduates when leaving school was stable at around 70%. In 2011, the number of graduates from ordinary colleges and universities nationwide reached 660 million, with an average annual growth of 300,000. In 2012, the number of college graduates nationwide is expected to be 6.8 million, a record high. The total number of graduates from ordinary colleges and universities in Chongqing has reached 560,000, with an average annual growth rate of 12,000. The initial employment rate of graduates when leaving school has stabilized at around 80%. In 2011, the number of graduates in the city exceeded 140,000, and the employment rate of graduates was 86.5%. In 2012, there were 153,000 graduates from ordinary colleges and universities in Chongqing, and the graduate employment rate reached 86.81%. The number of unemployed people reaches tens of thousands. Such a large employment group and the supply of idle labor in society are completely unable to be digested by my country's employment demand-side market, forming a situation of oversupply. From the above data, we can see that the gap between the number of graduates and the number of employed people is widening as time goes by. The number of graduates and the number of employed people are constantly expanding, and the number of unemployed people on the surface has been growing. trend. The employment rate of higher education schools in my country itself has very big flaws. His employment rate includes the lag of entering higher education, going abroad or not fully entering the social labor market. I believe that the employment rate should be the actual employment rate. In this case, the actual employment rate should be on a downward trend. University employment The difficult problem remains. With the continuous deepening of the reform of the national economic system and education system, the implementation of the "two-way choice" employment system for college graduates and the uneven regional economic development, the flow of college students has shown obvious regional differences. In order to promote the employment of college students and increase the employment rate, a series of policies and regulations have been introduced. The employment market policy promotes the employment of college students through the tripartite system of graduates, universities, and enterprises.

Entrepreneurship Support Policies In the process of self-employment of college graduates, the state provides various services such as tax policies, information guidance, and entrepreneurial bases to encourage college students to start their own businesses, relieve employment pressure, and increase employment opportunities. With the development of the national economy and the continuous expansion of the scale of higher education, the country and society have higher and higher requirements for talents. On the one hand, college students cannot find jobs, and on the other hand, many employers recruit unsatisfied talents. This kind of talent shortage is structural. The current situation has caused a huge waste of human resources of college graduates, and at the same time hindered the speed of economic development and the process of social progress. ?

As higher education enters the stage of mass development, it is no longer just a change in quantity. The starting point for admission to higher education, social needs, training models, teaching methods, training goals, etc. will all undergo a series of changes. The diversification of training goals and requirements will inevitably lead to the diversification of graduates' employment orientation and employment forms. From the perspective of working hours, there are full-time employment, half-time employment, part-time employment, etc.; from the perspective of employment location, there are big cities, coastal cities, small and medium-sized cities, towns, western or remote poverty-stricken areas; from the perspective of employment unit attributes, There are party and government agencies, public institutions, state-owned enterprises, non-state-owned enterprises, military units, grassroots units, etc.; from the perspective of employment channels, there are participation in job fairs, school recommendations, recommendations from relatives and friends, online job hunting, etc.; from the perspective of implementation methods, it can be divided into one Sexual employment, entrepreneurship, preparation for employment, temporary unemployment, etc.; from the perspective of the nature of employment management, it can be divided into explicit employment and implicit employment. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 17th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China pointed out that the current economic and social development situation in our country is generally good, but the international situation continues to undergo profound and complex changes. Our country’s economic and social development faces many foreseeable and unforeseen risks and challenges. At the macro level, In terms of employment situation, total employment pressure and structural contradictions coexist. Graduate employment still faces some difficulties and problems. Strengthening employment and entrepreneurship education and employment guidance services, and effectively improving the full-scale, all-staff, professional and information-based level of employment guidance services in colleges and universities has become an important responsibility of the education department and colleges and universities under the new situation. ?

2. Analyze the reasons why it is difficult for college students to find employment in our country?

1. Do college students have their own problems in employment?

(1) The subjective expectations of college students are relatively high: college students Some people cannot clearly define a position for themselves, and often have excessive expectations for their own remuneration, which is quite different from the salary level expected by the company. Inconsistency with the company's employment requirements will lead to involuntary unemployment among college students. The contradiction between personal career planning and social development needs can also lead to voluntary unemployment. At the same time: college students tend to be employed in first-tier cities and are unwilling to work in the west or remote mountainous areas. The competition for jobs in first-tier cities is too high. The differences in employment regional flows will also intensify the competition. College students are not sure about their self-positioning and feel a great sense of loss. Imbalanced mentality affects the normal employment of college students. ?

(2) Employment first and career choice are becoming more and more popular: Changes in employment attitudes can reflect the supply of talents in the market from one aspect. In the current situation where it is difficult for college students to find employment, the attitude of "employ first and then choose a career" has become the first choice for most graduates. ?

(3) Insufficient understanding of the company: Most college students do not understand the development prospects, employment system, corporate culture, interpersonal relationships, etc. of the company they want to enter. Some students are not sure about the company they will work in in the future. There is only a vague idea of ??what kind of platform to take the first step in life, and there is even no goal at all. ?

(4) Expectations for salary are more realistic: Students’ views on salary have become more realistic. About 69% of college students expect a monthly salary of RMB yuan, among which more students accept RMB yuan; The number of people expecting is mostly RMB and above RMB 4,000; the number of people expecting is smaller. ?

(5) The awareness of career planning is not strong enough: Compared with the past, today’s college students’ employment concepts have undergone great changes. This is in line with the trend of our country’s economic development, the gradual improvement of the talent market, and the choice of employment. consistent with the trend of diversification. Many undergraduate students have vague plans for their future employment, and some have not made any plans at all. However, only a very small number of people actually have clear plans. ?

(6) The current situation of college students’ self-employment: College students’ understanding of entrepreneurship is not comprehensive, and even has obvious flaws. One of the important points is the lack of management experience, lack of in-depth understanding of the industry, and lack of understanding of the market and marketing Lack of in-depth understanding.

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2. School education is out of touch with market demand?

With the increase in national investment in education, the software and hardware facilities of colleges and universities in my country have developed greatly, but college students The employment problem is getting more and more serious. The first is that there is not enough emphasis on the all-round quality education and training of students. Due to the influence of various factors, my country's higher education reform lags behind social needs. Educational thoughts and concepts have not been updated in time, and have no longer adapted to the requirements of modernization for talents; teaching materials have not changed for many years, professional divisions are unreasonable, and teaching The method is too simple, attaching more importance to knowledge transfer but despising ability training; the school's talent training is out of touch with social needs, resulting in a structural contradiction between supply and demand. The two characteristics of higher education: lag and long cycle, determine its insufficient fit with social needs. The talent forecasting work of colleges and universities is in the exploratory stage and has not even started yet, which results in the obvious utilitarianism of college enrollment and its integration with social needs. Insufficient closeness or even disconnection leads to a more prominent structural contradiction between university training and social needs. Secondly, the quality of students trained by most colleges and universities is not high enough. According to follow-up surveys of some universities, less than 70% of graduates can adapt to work within two years, and some graduates are even unable to adapt to work or cannot engage in professional-related jobs due to social relations. These are all related to the imperfect employment mechanism and teaching management system of colleges and universities. At present, most colleges and universities lack flexibility, mobility and initiative in personnel. The talents needed by the school cannot come in, and the talents needed by other schools cannot leave. Some schools pursue popular majors, but the teachers and teaching materials are not equipped to cope with it. Graduates Not recognized by society. The employment awareness service level is not high, the information channels are not smooth, it is difficult to effectively adjust the market manpower mechanism, there is a lack of feedback mechanism, it is difficult to form a talent transfer method between the country, universities, and enterprises, and the matching of talent resources is not enough. ?

3. The national employment policy is not perfect?

The national supportive employment policy is not perfect. The state and local governments have introduced a series of employment policies for college students, but they are only a drop in the bucket and there are no policies. It has not achieved the expected effect, but it has failed to attract a large number of graduates, and the employment problem for graduates remains severe. Regional development is unbalanced and the gap between rich and poor is large. College students' career choices are in developed regions, large and medium-sized cities, and high-quality departments with generous salaries. From the perspective of my country's overall labor demand, there is still a lack of high-quality and highly skilled labor. The root cause of the employment problem lies in the economic and industrial structure and growth rate. Economic growth will drive an increase in the number of employed people. High economic growth rates will also produce high employment rates. High employment rates will drive the growth of wage income, which in turn will further promote economic growth and expand the supply of jobs, forming a virtuous cycle. After years of hard work, our country is establishing a relatively fair employment environment, such as the "all applicants must take the exam" policy for civil servant recruitment. Recruitment by state-owned enterprises and institutions must be open to society, fair, and just and merit-based. However, the current human resources market service system is still not perfect enough. The service means and service methods of the market and the service level of various intermediary service departments in the society for college students' employment are still in the initial stage. There is still a long way to go with the growing demand for total allocation and personalized services. Gaps; most companies have basically not introduced human resources management technology, lack reasonable standards for selecting and employing people, have no human resources development plans, and do not pay attention to talent training and reserve, which directly restricts the reasonable employment of college students. China has a history of two thousand years of centralized feudal society, which is matched by the professionalization of state managers. Due to the difficulty of learning hieroglyphics, the cost of cultivating national management talents was very high in ancient China when the level of economic development was very low. In addition to inducing people to study through high-ranking officials and generous salaries and selecting talents through the imperial examination system, rulers also influence people's ideas through public opinion and policies. Propaganda such as "Everything is of inferior quality, only those who study well", "Those who excel in learning will become officials", "Those who work hard will govern others, and those who work hard will govern others", "Books have their own golden houses", etc., make "reading to become an official" , the academic mentality of "reading changes your destiny" has been continuously strengthened. In ancient China, the social status of poor scholars was higher than that of rich carpenters. Although today "being an official" is no longer the only way out for studying, it is not generally recognized and accepted by society for college students to become ordinary workers after graduation.

3. Measures to solve the employment difficulties of college students in our country?

1. How to improve the overall quality of college students?

College students should work hard to learn cultural knowledge and various majors Skills, constantly practice your own brain, plan your life plan and constantly improve it, keep abreast of the latest employment news, constantly strengthen your own quality and comprehensive ability

The improvement of your ability will lay a solid foundation for employment. Base. Actively promote industry-university cooperation. At present, colleges and universities are still important talent training bases, focusing on quality education and increasing professional ability training. Since the reform of the employment system for college students, the school's training also needs to be strengthened and focused. Blindly market-oriented schools have evolved into training bases for companies to quickly supply technical employees, while training that only focuses on students' comprehensive qualities makes it difficult for students to quickly enter the labor market. The combination of the two can solve this contradictory problem. Many colleges and universities are also trying the school-running model of industry-university cooperation. For example, implementing a small-term system, each student must carry out a certain amount of social practice activities; some schools have fixed internship bases, cooperative enterprises, etc. for certain majors, which promotes The combination of industry and academia has formed a good situation of mutual benefit between industry and academia. Industry-university cooperation is actually a win-win mechanism. On the one hand, it improves the quality of talent training and gives students a better destination after graduation. For industry, it participates in the education process and can obtain the talents it needs. ?

(1) Strengthen the quality education of college students: Good professional quality is the basis for successful employment of college students, and it is also the passport to the other side of the ideal. Mainly manifested in professional interests, professional abilities, professional personality and emotions. College students should combine their personal ideals with their professional ideals, continuously strengthen their adaptability during college, cultivate good habits and understanding of laws and regulations, a character of fairness and justice, and have a professional ethics of unity, cooperation, mutual help and love. Professional ethics is the basis of professional activities and is far more important than proficiency in business. College students should make preliminary self-improvement based on professional ethics. Through training, self-training, and self-transformation, good professional ethics and professional qualities are gradually established. ?

(2) Inherit the tradition and bring forth the new: The Chinese nation is a great nation with a long history. The ancestors of the Chinese nation, with their hard-working hands and wise minds, created the glorious Chinese culture and made outstanding contributions to world culture and human progress. As the successors of the socialist cause, we should shoulder the important task of carrying forward the traditional culture of the Chinese nation, inherit the tradition, and introduce the new. Traditional culture is of great significance to our country's construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Without the past, there would not be the present, so it is necessary for us to conduct traceable exploration and study on a series of problems such as the difficulty in finding employment for college students in our country, and to innovate on the basis of inheriting the tradition. ?

2. Strengthen the adjustment and guiding role of universities?

(1) Adjust professional settings in a timely manner?

The imbalance in professional settings in universities will Different majors have different employment situations and employment rates vary greatly. Therefore, adjustments to major settings are inevitable. Colleges and universities will control the scale and enrollment of majors based on actual needs and the concept of overall planning. Gradually, Adjust and reduce the scale of majors with poor employment rates, increase the number of students enrolled in majors with insufficient job demand, and try to reduce involuntary unemployment caused by mismatched majors. ?

(2) Improve teaching quality and student quality, and enhance college students’ own skills?

Construct employment guidance for college graduates as a subject, and incorporate employment guidance courses into At the same time as the teaching plan, we will strengthen theoretical and practical research on the subject of employment guidance, and gradually explore a theoretical system of employment guidance in colleges and universities that is in line with our country's national conditions and suitable for the characteristics of contemporary college students, based on learning from advanced foreign theories. It is a recognized fact that my country’s investment in education is insufficient, enrollment is expanding too fast, and the quality of higher education has declined. Colleges and universities must improve the quality of educational resources to ensure full utilization of educational resources, enrich the knowledge and skill structure required by students, and cultivate students’ innovative abilities. and practical ability, strengthen quality education; provide students with strong support in science and technology innovation, organize scientific research and innovation activities, increase support for scientific research funds and guide the science and technology competition, establish a social practice base, carry out educational and cultural science and technology activities, and strengthen the social practice of college students Ability to effectively enhance students’ core competitiveness and employment advantages.

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(3) Improve employment guidance and employment information services?

Really regard employment guidance for college students as an important way to cultivate talents in colleges and universities. As an important part of quality education in colleges and universities, employment guidance in colleges and universities not only has the function of helping students find an ideal career that suits them and then achieve "full employment", it should also develop students' potential and promote students to form correct self-evaluation and other functions. At the same time, the formation of college students' employment concepts does not happen overnight, and understanding of occupation and society also requires a process. Therefore, the employment guidance work in colleges and universities has the characteristics of long-term effectiveness of the education process and the universality of the target. It is a systematic project. It should run through the entire process of students from enrollment to graduation. Achieving an effective match between the supply of college talents and social demand and improving employment guidance and employment information services are important links related to the employment of graduates. Colleges and universities should do a good job in employment guidance, carry out employment guidance lectures, vocational skills training for college students, personalized guidance, career planning for college students and other related employment work, and provide elective courses for college students to guide college students in choosing careers and employment, so as to improve their employability and cultivate their careers. Literacy, on the other hand, provide good employment information services, establish good and effective information transmission channels, strengthen surveys, statistics and market forecasts of employment situations, improve sufficient employment information for graduates, and expand diversified employment channels. Establish effective employment bridges between enterprises and schools, organize large-scale double selection fairs, etc., introduce enterprises to campus and let students go out of campus; strengthen connections and cooperation between the country, enterprises, and universities, and explore targeted training and talent transfer, etc. Model, establish a national unified information employment database, enhance the mobility and comprehensiveness of employment information, and improve the allocation of human resources and employment rate. ?

3. Improve employment policies?

(1) Party and government agencies should recruit civil servants and new professional technicians and managers in state-owned enterprises and institutions, mainly for college graduates. Open recruitment or recruitment, merit-based recruitment. ?

(2) Encourage all types of enterprises and institutions, especially small and medium-sized enterprises and private enterprises and institutions, to hire college graduates, and relevant government departments must provide them with convenient conditions and corresponding services. For college graduates hired by enterprises across regions, cities below the provincial capital must conscientiously implement relevant policies and cancel settlement restrictions. ?

(3) Encourage college graduates to start their own businesses and find flexible employment. Any college graduate who engages in self-employment, except for industries restricted by the state, will be exempted from paying various administrative fees for registration and management within one year from the date of approval of the business by the industrial and commercial department. Qualified areas are determined by local governments, and small entrepreneurial loans and guarantees are provided to college graduates through existing channels.

(4) Provide convenience for college graduates to handle household registration and personnel file procedures. For college graduates who have not confirmed their work unit when they graduate and leave school, if they personally request that their household registration and personnel files be kept in the school, they will be kept for two years according to regulations. During this period, the archives management agency will be exempted from service fees for keeping their archives; if I request to transfer my household registration to the place where my household registration was before entering school, the public security agency should handle the settlement procedures for him in accordance with the household registration management regulations, and the talent exchange service agency affiliated to the personnel and education departments will be responsible. After completing relevant procedures, the talent exchange service agency affiliated to the personnel department provides free personnel agency services. After I confirm my work unit, the public security organs will handle the household registration transfer procedures in accordance with relevant regulations. (1) Encourage college graduates to work at the grassroots level and in difficult areas. Governments at all levels should create working conditions for college graduates, mainly to enrich urban communities and rural township grassroots units engaged in education, health, public security, agricultural technology, poverty alleviation and other social welfare undertakings. Those who have worked in difficult areas for two or more years and apply for postgraduate studies should be given priority in recommendation and admission; those who apply for party and government agencies and state-owned enterprises and institutions should be given priority in admission under the same conditions. ?

(5) College graduates who have been unable to find a job for more than six months after graduation and require employment can apply for unemployment registration with the labor and social security department of the city or county where their registered residence was before enrollment with their school certificate. Public employment agencies and street labor and security agencies affiliated to the labor and social security departments should provide employment services free of charge. For college graduates who have registered as unemployed, cities and communities with conditions can organize them to participate in temporary social work and social welfare activities, or go to the employer for internship, and provide them with certain remuneration. For those who are unable to work for a short period of time due to illness or other reasons and who truly have no source of livelihood, the civil affairs department will provide temporary assistance based on the local urban subsistence allowance standards. This cost is covered by local finance.

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(6) Encourage small and medium-sized enterprises and private enterprises and institutions to hire graduates from higher vocational schools (junior colleges), so that a large number of graduates from higher vocational schools (junior colleges) with strong practical ability and good adaptability can be put to use. For recent higher vocational (college) graduates who have difficulty finding jobs, the labor and social security, personnel and education departments will jointly implement the "Vocational Qualification Training Project for Vocational (college) graduates". Graduates undergo vocational skills assessment. Training fees are borne by the education system, and vocational skill appraisal fees are appropriately reduced or exempted by the labor and social security department.