Dalian Rural Credit Cooperative Recruitment Examination

Short answer questions over the years seem to have started in 2006.

1. What is the status of rural credit cooperatives in China's financial system?

A: Rural credit cooperatives are community-based local financial institutions composed of farmers, individual industrial and commercial households and small and medium-sized enterprises within their jurisdiction, and are an important part of China's financial system. By the end of June, 2004, the balance of various deposits of rural credit cooperatives in China was 2,672.4 billion yuan, accounting for 1 1.6% of the deposits of all financial institutions. The balance of various loans was1958.5 billion yuan, accounting for 1 1.5% of all financial institutions' loans. Among them, the balance of agricultural loans was 866,543.8+0.5 billion yuan, accounting for 86% of the balance of agricultural loans of all financial institutions. Rural credit cooperatives are becoming the main force of rural finance and the financial link between farmers.

2. What role does rural credit cooperatives play in supporting the development of agriculture, farmers and rural economy?

A: The development of agriculture and rural economy and the increase of farmers' income require more investment in capital, technology and manpower. Among them, the investment of funds plays a vital role in the development of agriculture and rural economy at this stage. Judging from the current situation, there are three main channels for capital investment: first, farmers' own investment in production activities; The second is to increase the investment of financial funds in agricultural infrastructure and other related subsidies; The third is the credit funds in the financial sector. In these three aspects, the financial sector's credit capital investment accounts for a large proportion, and in some places it is even above 60%. Statistics show that rural credit cooperatives account for about 80% of the credit funds in the financial sector, and some places even reach 90%.

For a long time, rural credit cooperatives have taken the service of "agriculture, countryside and farmers" as their responsibility and played an important role in supporting the development of agriculture, farmers and rural economy. Especially since 1999, in order to meet the needs of the new stage of China's agricultural and rural economic development, rural credit cooperatives have actively carried out micro-credit loans and joint guarantee loans for farmers, and vigorously promoted the selection activities of credit farmers and credit villages and towns, which greatly simplified the procedures for farmers' loans, facilitated farmers' loans, greatly improved the coverage rate of farmers' loans, and alleviated the difficult problem of farmers' loans that has plagued them for many years. By the end of 2003, there were 32,225 rural credit cooperatives providing micro-credit loans to farmers, accounting for 94.8% of the total number of institutions. There are 18553 rural credit cooperatives providing joint guarantee loans to farmers, accounting for 54.6% of the total number of institutions. In 2003, there were 6210.7 million farmers in China, accounting for 64% of the eligible farmers and 28% of all farmers.

In recent years, with the deepening of China's financial system reform, a large number of commercial banks have withdrawn from rural financial institutions, and rural credit cooperatives have a more arduous task and a more prominent role in serving agriculture, countryside and farmers.

3. Why did the State Council decide to deepen the reform of rural credit cooperatives?

A: Rural credit cooperatives, as community-based local financial institutions that mainly serve agriculture, rural areas and farmers, have played an important role in supporting the development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, although they have achieved certain results in reforming the system, improving management and improving services over the years. However, compared with the requirements of the new stage of China's agricultural and rural economic development at present and in the future, there are still many shortcomings in management mode, business model and service mode. There are still some restrictive factors in management system, property right system and risk prevention, which affect the role of rural credit cooperatives in serving agriculture, countryside and farmers, and need to be gradually solved through continuous deepening reform.

The CPC Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to the reform of rural credit cooperatives. Since 1997, the State Council has organized relevant departments to investigate and study the reform of rural credit cooperatives for many times, and the State Council's leading comrades have personally inspected the work of rural credit cooperatives for many times and made important instructions. Since 2003, the central government has clearly stated that the general requirements for the reform of rural credit cooperatives are "clarifying the property rights relationship, strengthening the restraint mechanism, enhancing the service function, giving appropriate support by the state, and local governments being responsible", emphasizing the need to speed up the reform of rural credit cooperatives. To build a well-off society in an all-round way, we must coordinate urban and rural economic and social development, pay more attention to the countryside, care for farmers and support agriculture, and take solving the problems of farmers, agriculture and rural economic development as the top priority of economic work and put it in a more prominent position. Deepening the reform of rural credit cooperatives and improving rural financial services are not only related to the stable and healthy development of rural credit cooperatives, but also to the overall situation of agricultural development, farmers' income increase and rural stability.

China is a big agricultural country, and the rural economic development is very uneven, with great differences between the east, the west and the north. The operating conditions and development level of rural credit cooperatives vary greatly, and the requirements of rural economic development in different regions for rural finance are also different. Although the reform of rural credit cooperatives has been studied and demonstrated for a long time, and many experiments have been carried out in some areas, how to construct the management system of rural credit cooperatives suitable for China's national conditions, how to reform the property right structure of rural credit cooperatives according to local conditions, and how to select and determine the organizational forms of rural credit cooperatives that meet the rural economic development level and service requirements in different regions need further exploration and experiments. In particular, the two key points in the reform of rural credit cooperatives involve the adjustment of the relationship between responsibilities and rights in all aspects. The situation is complicated and the policy is strong. We must be active and cautious, step by step, and do not rush for success. Therefore, the State Council decided to select some provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) to carry out pilot projects, and then gradually push them forward on the basis of earnest practice and summing up experience.

4. What is the guiding ideology for deepening the pilot reform of rural credit cooperatives?

A: According to the new requirements of agriculture and rural economic development for rural financial services in the new period, the guiding ideology of deepening the reform of rural credit cooperatives is to speed up the reform of management system and property right system of rural credit cooperatives under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents and with the aim of serving "agriculture, countryside and farmers". And in accordance with the general requirements of "clarifying property rights relations, strengthening restraint mechanisms, enhancing service functions, appropriate state support, and local responsibility". Gradually transform rural credit cooperatives into community-based local financial institutions with farmers, rural industrial and commercial households and various economic organizations as shareholders, serve the development of farmers, agriculture and rural economy, give full play to the role of rural credit cooperatives as the main force of rural finance and the financial link between farmers, better support the adjustment of rural economic structure, help farmers increase their income and promote the coordinated development of urban and rural economy.

5. What principles must be adhered to in deepening the pilot reform of rural credit cooperatives?

A: To do a good job in deepening the pilot reform, we must adhere to the following four principles:

(1) We must adhere to the principle of serving agriculture, countryside and farmers. Rural credit cooperatives are different from other financial institutions. No matter how its ownership structure and management mode are reformed, its management direction must adhere to the service of "agriculture, countryside and farmers", which is conducive to the adjustment of rural economic structure and the increase of farmers' production and income. Deviating from this direction will deviate from the purpose and goal of reform.

(2) Adhere to the principle of local conditions and classified guidance. In the pilot reform, we should give full consideration to the imbalance of rural economic development, and do not engage in "one size fits all" in the design of property rights system and the choice of organizational forms, but implement differentiated treatment and classified guidance in light of different situations in different places.

(3) Persist in carrying out reforms in accordance with the development direction of the market economy. Rural credit cooperatives are one of the earliest financial institutions established after the founding of the People's Republic of China. The development course of more than 50 years will inevitably leave a heavy brand of planned economy. Therefore, the reform of rural credit cooperatives should be based on the requirements of the development of market economy, clarify the property rights relationship, improve the corporate governance structure, and make rural credit cooperatives truly become financial institutions that can adapt to the development of rural economy.

(4) Adhere to the principle of combining responsibility with rights and give full play to the enthusiasm of all parties. Through the reform, it is necessary to clarify the supervision and management system, give full play to the positive role of provincial people's governments, state supervision and management institutions, people's banks and other relevant departments and rural credit cooperatives, and implement the responsibility of risk prevention and disposal.