Yangzhou Jade Fine Art Appreciation

Yangzhou is an important manufacturer of jade in China, and there will be a description of "Yu Gong Yangzhou Gong Yao Kun" in the classic book. In 1977, at the end of Shugang in Yangzhou, many clan ancestral graveyards dating from the late Neolithic 60's were discovered. Stone axes, stone adzes, jade bis, and jade congs were cultural relics. As early as 4,000 years ago, the production and life of the ancestors were closely related to the production and life of the ancestors. Jade polishing activities. Jade articles unearthed in Yangzhou after liberation were found in more than a hundred Han tombs and were found in dozens of varieties and hundreds of varieties. Yangzhou jade carving in the Tang Dynasty was a new development handicraft industry. The aristocratic wealthy families used jade pieces to decorate their pavilions, so-called "jade households with carved railings". Salt soup Xicong, Gao Shao An's historical "Zhuangyuan Building" in Yangzhou, hundreds of gold and jade people made phoenix decorations organized by Panlong. Gao Pi'an of Yangzhou Jade Jewelry will also plunder hundreds of thousands of specialized courts over the years. Civil society in the Tang Dynasty saw the wear and tear of jade and the involute atmosphere of jewelry. With the development of Yangzhou jade furniture in the Song Dynasty, the variety of flowers and birds, stove bottles, shapes, and the artistic level of contemplation were much higher. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the heyday of Yangzhou jade carvings in the Qing palace weighed thousands to ten thousand kilograms, nearly 10 jade mountains, most of which were carved in Yangzhou. Among them, those weighing more than ten thousand kilograms were called the "King of Jade", and the "jades and pictures of jade mountains" became The reputation of rare treasures.

In the process of economic and political changes in Yangzhou during the Han Dynasty, more and more cultural relics were unearthed in Yangzhou. Small works, from the decorative bracelets, Yuhuan County development to see the rain butterfly, bisexual, evil spirit from the jade unearthed in 1980 in Yangzhou, northwest Gaoyou Huxi City, Tianshan tomb of cultural relics include fish balls, Wang Bimi three-volume change. The large diameter is 21.8 cm, both the front and the negative are carved with spiral patterns, a shallow jade carving with exquisite and elegant patterns. The diameter of Yu Yuan is 13.4 cm. The carving pattern is also based on spiral patterns. Its carving style is very characteristic of the tomb. During the Western Han Dynasty, the tomb of Liu Xu, the son of King Liu Xuguang, was known as the 64th year of the reign. These jade articles were completely unearthed, and thousands of Yangzhou jade carvings were developed in the Tang Dynasty. The canal is navigable, located at the intersection of the Yangtze River and the Yangtze River, and has become a choke point for north-south traffic. It has naturally become one of China's major ports, with a prosperous economy and prosperous industries. During this period, Guangling was a large town with rich historical records. Yangzhou jade carving in the Tang Dynasty, the handicraft industry flourished, a new development at that time. On the one hand, the architectural decoration of the pavilions of the aristocrats and wealthy families shows off their interests, but who are the so-called "jade houses with carved railings". On the other hand, the trend of small folk jade accessories began, and the carving skills of Yangzhou jade and jade also began to be foreign exchange. During the Tianbao period (753), Jianzhen, a high-ranking official in Daming Temple, went to Japan to preach in Yangzhou and worked with as many as 185 jade-carving painters. Red sandalwood carvings and embroideries can be seen in the prosperity of Yangzhou jade carvings in the Tang Dynasty.

In the Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties, the development of Yangzhou jade display has become increasingly rich in varieties. Flowers and birds, outstanding hollows on furnace vases, and round carving technology also began in the Song Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, Xie Kun introduced: In his state of existence, Kang Shanjiang's family witnessed the exquisite jade pagodas made in Yangzhou during the Song Dynasty. He said: "Song Yu's Linglong Pagoda is described in the works of Chuncaotang. The jade of the pagoda is white, and a cluster of defective rice absolutely does not matter." Seven inches high. Seven, six sides of the system, let's face it... The top small cable chain ties all the top hexes with never a snag, says Seven Wonders Monensin. "From this vivid description, Yangzhou jade carving hollow carving skills and chain production skills have made great progress. In the Yuan Dynasty, Yangzhou jade furniture and furniture became increasingly sophisticated, and artists have begun to use natural materials to produce Shanzi carvings."

Now the Yangzhou Museum is located in Yitong, Shanzi's carved white jade production performance in the late Yuan Dynasty, such as the storyline of "Seven Sages in the Bamboo Grove" and the simple single fan carved on the mountain with characters. It can be regarded as the early work of Yangzhou Shanzi Carving. Ming Dynasty. Yangzhou jade began to form a beautiful and elegant style. The products of the mid-Ming Dynasty preserved in the Yangzhou Museum are the "Hexagonal Lotus Jade Pot" and the "Panchi White Cup", which are smooth and finely cut and are worthy of praise by everyone who sees them. By the late Ming Dynasty, the style of Yangzhou jade carving "Shanzi Carving" had a new variety, and the complex craftsmanship was remarkable. Later, Yangzhou prepared for the difficult skills of making large jade mountains.

Yangzhou jade carving craftsmanship developed into the Qing Dynasty In the mid-term, we can say that all products are of a higher artistic level than ever before, especially during the Qianlong period when it entered its heyday, Yangzhou became the main distribution center for the country's jade and jade production, except for the salt administration.

Longsi Jade Bureau, a large number of various large-scale jade furniture, the Qing court every year, the court pays tribute to jade. For example: the famous White Ruyi Hetian mutton-fat jade carving system, the jade material is spotless, the condensate oil is greasy like fat, the exquisite and elegant shape, "contributing to the Eight Great Contributions to Yangzhou", and a large number of sent to the palace every year Hospital furniture or “royal” themed merchandise as a bonus.

Now, the Qing Dynasty jade in the collection of the Palace Museum in Beijing weighs one thousand catties, ten thousand catties, nearly large jade, and is produced by Yangzhou jade carving artists. Most of it can be seen in the hand. In the Qing Dynasty, the skill and artistic level of Yangzhou jade carving was high, the scale of production was as large as the business capabilities, and there were as many skilled craftsmen as there were. In fact, it was unprecedented. These large-scale jade wares are made and synthesized to show the solemn, concise, and powerful characteristics of Yangzhou. In sharp contrast to the elegance and beauty of small jade wares, this Yangzhou jade ware has a great artistic style of "Nan Xiu and Bei Xiong" Influence.

By the 1950s, the jade carving industry in Yangzhou began to recover, becoming the main production area of ??modern jade in China. From the technical strength of varieties and categories, it ranks among the best in the industry, winning Gold Cup, Silver Cup and Treasure Awards, and has won the National Quality Award many times. Now, there are three Chinese arts and crafts masters in Yangzhou, arts and crafts masters, Jiangsu arts and crafts celebrities, 15, 72 senior craftsmen and other professional and technical personnel. Over the past few decades, Yangzhou jade boutiques have emerged one after another, and excellent works have emerged one after another. They retain the traditional style of round and simple jade and are famous for the beautiful scenery. They are worthy of being a good representative of modern Chinese jade.

Yangzhou jade fully inherits and develops traditional fine craftsmanship. The arborist has designed a large number of smooth and exquisite jade pieces. The artistic level of cutting is still at the forefront of the fierce competition, and the products have a good reputation in the international market. Stove bottle. Yangzhou jade has six categories: carved figures, flowers, birds, animals, antiques, and mountains, with a full range of colors. In the early 1970s, the National Jade Appraisal Blockbuster Exhibition was held in Tokyo and Nagoya in 1981, and the Japanese people received high praise from all walks of life. In 1986, the "White Jade Five Elements Pagoda" was cut, with 7 octahedrons in the main tower. 105 cm high, 32 cm wide, eight jade chains, 440 circles of chains connecting the four towers from all directions, forming a group, a rare masterpiece of jade pagodas through the ages; Zhuo system in the same year's "Majestic Picture of Jasper Mountain", 120 cm high, 90 Centimeters wide and weighing more than 1,000 kilograms, the famous stone carvings themed Leshan Giant Buddha, Dazu Stone Buddha, Longmen Giant Buddha, and Yungang Stone Buddha formed a profound wonderland, which caused a sensation when it was on display. It has been announced and highly praised by Hong Kong newspapers that after two hundred years this Jasper Mountain "was raised by the Qing Dynasty that ruled Emperor Qianlong, China's Dayu Flood Control Map is the only jade treasure seen, it fully embodies the new technology of Chinese jade carving" Level, the sapphire "Baishou Ruyi" used in 1989 was cut into white jade using Shanzi carving craftsmanship and terracotta country cut into eggshell craftsmanship, and won the country's Gold Cup in 1990. 5 Museum of Jade Treasures, Chinese Arts and Crafts Treasures evaluated by the state , now housed.

For a long time, people regarded jade as a treasure, a crystal moist, solid, delicate, rough composition, a smooth and beautiful resistance, a treasure passed down from generation to generation, or as a heirloom. A work of art with high economic value. China's jade carving process has a long history. According to research, as early as the Neolithic Age, our ancestors used jade to make utensils from mixed stones. .

During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, Zhuo gradually reduced considerable skills in the production process, and people who did not know how to use beautiful colors to increase the beauty of the utensils also gradually expanded. , cut into rituals, musical instruments, and various decorations, enshrined in temples or worn on the body, used in worship, even when the two armies are in confrontation, and when the agreement makes peace, use jade as a token , the so-called "turning hostility into friendship." In the slave society, jade has become a symbol of the noble status of kings and nobles, a symbol of power, and a symbol of wealth, forming an atmosphere of "gentlemen must wear jade". Feudal society was particularly popular. Qin Shi Huang is the largest jade material, cut into 6 engraved seals, named Yuxi. Since then, the jade seal has become one of the symbols of the feudal dynasty and the country's highest power. At the same time, ancient jade serves as a symbol of nobility, purity, goodwill, and good luck.

The ancients said: "A gentleman is more virtuous than jade, which is moist and moist, benevolent and careful about millet, also known as kindness, justice, hanging like a pendant, etiquette; everyone in Guangdong believes in the Tao."

"Throughout the ages, many beautiful languages ??are often associated with jade in literary works, and it is not accidental. Chinese jade is world-renowned for its excellent technology and beautiful shape." Oriental art, as a product of material civilization And the construction of spiritual civilization, for thousands of years, has been the bringing of true human goodness and beauty. The jade carving craftsmanship of Yangzhou, a famous cultural and historical city, is one of the important sources of jade in China and can be traced back to ancient times. The existing jade craftsmanship was developed during the Xia Dynasty in the Yangzhou area.

[Jade]

Hetian Jade

Distributed in Xinjiang, Yarkand-Tashkorgan, Hotan-Khotan and Qiemo, stretching 1500 kilometers on the northern slope of Kunlun Mountain. ***There are nine origins. The mineral composition of Hetian jade is mainly tremolite-actinolite with trace amounts of tremolite, serpentine, graphite, magnet, and other minerals, forming white, turquoise, black, yellow and other colors. Mostly jade, some variegated colors. Jade is translucent, has a polished resin luster, and has a hardness of 5.5 to 6.4 degrees. Hotan jade is made from rocks at 3,500 meters above sea level and 5,000 meters high. It has been peeled off for a long time and broken down into fragments of various sizes, which collapse on the hillside and then mature into rivers with rain. After the autumn dry run, the jade pieces collected in the river bed are called seed jade, which are mined from the rocks in the mountains. The earliest jade objects of the era and Hetian jade are from the tomb of Fuhao in the Yin Ruins. In the Spring and Autumn Period, Hetian jade gradually became the main material for talent cultivation, and mining of mountain materials began in the Qing Dynasty. During the Zhuo period, Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Dayu of the Qing Dynasty, controlled the water in Yushan, and the first 10,007 pounds of sapphire were collected from the mountain.

Yellow and

Hetian jade, the economic value of Hetian jade is evaluated on the basis of purity, color and texture. The main varieties are:

② Suet: high-grade white jade, fine and pure texture, flash stone up to 99%, white cream color with subtle luster, the same weight of jade, its economic value is several times JADE. Suet was very respected during the Han Dynasty, Song Dynasty and Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty.

③ Qingtian Jade: There is no significant difference in the texture of white jade. The only jade is jet white with a hint of green. The economic value of white jade is slightly lower than that of white jade and field jade.

④ Sapphire color, light cyan, green, gray, and white are called sapphires. They are uniform in color and fine in texture. They are equipped with flashes. 89% of them are pass stones and 6% of actinolites have a grease-like luster. Reserves Rich, it is the variety of ancient jade collected or mined.

⑤Topaz: The base system is white with a yellow tone, due to the gaps formed by iron oxides that penetrate surface water over a long period of time. The names are based on the chroma: dense sallow, sorrel yellow, okra, yellow, yellow, yellow, egg yolk variations. The color is thick and dense, sallow, yellow, and chestnut are extremely rare, and its value can reach mutton fat. Homophones for "imperial" topaz in the Qing Dynasty, and rare, once the economic value exceeded mutton fat.

⑥ Sugar jade: Iron oxide penetrates into the stone or the red hull of different shades, deep red "sugar jade, tiger jade", white pink, known as "pink jade" "Tang jade is often made of white and two-color jade materials, which can be made into beautiful colored jade or jade. The snuff bottle's candied jade-carved seed material was hollowed out, "coated with gold and silver", and spread out. Black jade ⑦: Stone sandwiched with graphite, the magnet component is black, black jade is mostly gray or gray ink jade sandwiched with black markings, shaping the fleeting "dark clouds, light ink light, golden mink beard" in life. The beauty comes from thick and dense The black spots are called pure lacquer ink, which has a waxy luster and uneven color and should not be engraved. Most of them are inlaid with gold and silver filigree.

⑧ Jasper: Produced in. Junggar Jade Mine, known as "Tianshan Jasper" is grey-green, dark green, dark green, pure dark green color is top grade. In a folder, there are spots, black spots, or poor quality sand gun jasper flashing past, more than 85% stone, translucent, fine texture, oily luster, mid-range jadeite.

Dushan Jade

Dushan Jade, Dushan Jade in Nanyang, Henan, is also known as "Nanyang Jade" or "Henan Jade", also known as "Dushan Jade".

As early as 6,000 years ago, the ancients mined Dushan jade, and many of the jade products unearthed from the Yin Ruins in Anyang were said to be Dushan Jade.

Turquoise

Turquoise, also known as "emerald", is a blue jade material. Jade variety, which is a particular favorite of the American Southwest and the Muslim world. The customary birthstone for December in the world is turquoise, which symbolizes victory and success. Turquoise crystals are very small, waxy, shiny, and opaque. Mostly in sky blue, dark blue, green, blue, green, green, white, uniformly colored blocks, usually with distributed white stripes, spots or dark brown lines. Quality turquoise is mainly used to produce rings, earrings, chests Pendant or carved statues of Buddha, fairies, landscapes, flowers, and other works.

In addition to the above-mentioned four famous jade "other jade", there are many varieties of jade in China, but most of them belong to low-grade jade. .../a>

Agate

The word agate comes from the Buddhist scriptures, and the color of the grain is like agate. The origin of agate is widely distributed in almost all provinces. The main producing areas are Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Hubei, Xinjiang, Jiangsu, and Fuxin Agate City, Liaoning.

Pure quality agate is white, red, Gray, brown, blue, green and other colors often contain pigment ions or other impurities. The red and white ones are more dazzling, and the white ones are extremely beautiful agate color. The rings are generally surrounded by rings, such as ring bands, which are called jade. The marrow stalls are relatively low.

The varieties of agate and chalcedony mainly have the following points:

A) Onyx: The very thin straight line parallel pattern is most similar to red onyx. Rare varieties.

B) Water gall agate: Natural agate, the hollow water-carrying tank is called "water gall agate water tank", which can be divided into several "guts", "gall" bold water, transparency High, better, precious jade.

C) The fire agate ring shines with a red luster, it is called "fire agate."

D) Eastern red agate: Japanese red agate.

E) Chrysoprase: pink and green colors, surround.

F) Agate color: surrounded by red

G) Jasper: the color is red, earthy yellow, gray and other colors. The composition of impure chalcedony is divided into " Red Jasper "Green Tourmaline Stone"

Plum Blossom Jade

In Ruyang County, Henan Province, also known as "Yuzhou Yu", it shows the beautiful blooming pattern of plum blossoms. Or other patterns, hence the name. The color of dense jade, black, brown, red and gray background is better, the color of plum blossom pattern is red, green and white pattern on black background, while the fine quality of multi-color plum blossom jade .

Qinghai Jade

In Qinghai, it is named after it. Its appearance is beautiful, its color is white or light gray with green markings, and its more delicate and translucent appearance is similar to that of illegal traders. Impersonating jadeite

Lapis Lazuli

The color of lapis lazuli, sodium, calcium aluminum silicate mineral is dark blue, sky blue or purple blue, opaque jade, glass luster. , hardness 5-6 lapis lazuli is often used to make Buddha statues, prayer beads, snuff bottles, bottle guards, watches and clocks, jewelry, etc. due to its solemn color. Ithaca can also be used to make brightly colored lapis lazuli. Blue, pure quality, and contains a small amount of pyrite Venus high-grade

Hibiscus stone

Hibiscus, also known as "rose quartz, rose quartz, Changnanyu a pink." Colored translucent to transparent quartz blocks, glass luster or grease luster, hardness. Quality hibiscus produced in Xinjiang, Yunnan, Inner Mongolia, and Brazil. Hibiscus is mainly used for cutting and polishing, necklaces, heart-shaped, and small ornaments. The color depth of hibiscus is better, the deeper pink is as close to white light as possible, the minimum value of pink

Malay jade

/>Produced in Malaysia, it is a Dyed quartzite dyed green, glass luster, hardness 7, green appearance, higher transparency. Malaysia’s abundant raw materials and low added value are suitable for the production of some low-grade accessories.

Donngling

Produced in India, it is a green chrome mica quartzite, slightly transparent - translucent jade spreads like stars in the green scales, a very beautiful quality quartzite jade variety , mainly used to make beaded necklaces and other accessories.

Secret Jade

It is produced in Mi County, Henan Province, hence the name. , also known as Henan Jade.

White translucent color - light green, used as jade materials are mostly dyed, mainly apple green and orange-red, green is stunning and better, mainly used for making jewelry or decorations, in the case of low-grade jade materials.

BR p>Your Cui

It is produced in Guizhou, hence the name. , also known as Guizhou jade, is light green in color and has glass luster, but it is not pure impurities, such as low-quality jade, and is a low-grade jade material.

Beijing White Jade

It is located in the suburbs of Beijing, hence the name. Jade products with fine texture, uniform whiteness, greasy smoothness, and crystal clear jade are popular jade species.

Wood alexandrite

It looks like dense and hard wood, hence its name. Jade hardness is 7. Yellow-brown, cinnamon, purple, blue, blue-green, blue-grey and other colors, including yellow cat's eye effect, are called eagle eye stone, brown and blue, and eagle eye stone has the highest value. Quality eagle eye blue stone is mainly used to make bracelets. The ring surface is called zebra tiger eye stone, tiger eye stone. The cat's eye effect is mainly used to make bracelet beads and necklace beads. The egg-shaped ring surface of large particles of material, but the cat's eye effect. The eyes are stiff, this value is not high.

Blue Sky

In Lantian, its name. Lantian jade, one of the famous ancient jades of Lantian, has a fine texture, a hardness of 4, good processing performance, and a production quality of beige and apple green jade pillows, fitness balls, and wine sets. It is a popular low-grade jade.

Lingbi Jade

One of the traditional famous jade in Chinese history, there are many varieties. The most famous red Anhui snail, gray Anhui Luobi stone with a hardness of 3, is produced in Lingbi, Anhui. County, hence the name. 4. For those with lower hardness, it is suitable for polishing after production and processing of flowers, figures, animals and other handicrafts, making them smooth and shiny.

Baiyunyu

It is produced in Baiyun Obo, Inner Mongolia, hence the name. It is also known as Baiyun Obo jade and is also known as Baiyun Obo jade. The texture of Baiyun Obo jade is delicate. The high-quality white clouds with good processing performance are suitable for making inkstones, pen holders, stationery utensils and other handicrafts.

Hundred Crane Jade

In Hefeng County, Hubei Province, it is also known as "five-flower stone". After processing, the texture and delicate and beautiful patterns are clear and round, Conical, elongated, green, creamy, fruity red in color, production process, with high artistic value

Malachite resembles the tail feathers of an emerald green peacock, hence its name, and has a glass luster. , slightly transparent, is a low-grade jade, with its high quality, necklaces, ring faces, heart-shaped, and other accessories, but there are also very few bright colors, exotic structures, worth a lot of money, and quite expensive.

Ulan Cui

In Wulan County, Qinghai, it is named because of its green color, with varying degrees of darkness, such as green and emerald green to dark green emerald white ribbons. Ulan jade has a higher hardness of 6-7, a greasy luster, and is slightly transparent to translucent. It is often used to make bracelets, ring jade cabbage, and other small jewelry. It is a low-grade jade with poor luster and poor processing performance. /p>

Category [Jade]

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Ritual Jade

Ritual jade was used for religious sacrifices and national ceremonies in ancient times. It is recorded in the ancient rituals that the jade bi, Cong, Gui, Zhang Juan, and Hu Liudian were worshiped.

① Two-way center hole round jade. With ancestral spirits. In addition to being used as sacrifices, they can also be used as decoration and good luck. In the spring and autumn periods of the Liangzhu Culture of the Neolithic Age, the tombs of the Han Dynasty were increasingly finely carved. Jade burial objects are often unearthed.

② Jade Cong

The jade cong is a columnar tubular jade with a square outside and a circle inside. In addition to ritual equipment, it can also be used for good luck. In the Liangzhu Culture of the Neolithic Age, burial jade congs appeared most developed, some of which were engraved with animal cotton patterns. Since the glorious period of jade congs, Han jade congs, foreign short cylinders with an inner circle, without decorative purposes, have become decorations and funeral utensils. In the Song Dynasty, antique jade congs appeared in large numbers as a kind of decorative or furnishing jade

(3 ) Jade Gui

Jade Gui is a triangular or straight ancient jade with a rectangular upper end. Gui is the festival of the gods, and also serves as the difference between the levels and the functions.

During the Warring States Period, Yu Gui, Yu Zhang, and Zhang were the most popular, followed by the Song, Ming, and Qing dynasties.

④Yu Zhan

Yu Zhang is a flat rectangular object with a spiral blade at one end and a shape of half Gu Zhan. It first appeared in Longshan culture and was popular in the Shang Dynasty and Zhou Dynasty. Zhang Gui, a ritual distortion of the difference between the Spring and Autumn Period is often rare.

⑤Emperor Yu

Jade Huang Tu, it is curved jade. "The Korean jade juan is half-walled, but the commonly unearthed jade juan is only one-third the size of the two-way, and the curved holes at both ends can often be worn under the tomb," Pei Juan said.

⑥Jade Hu

Yu Xi is a jade with tiger patterns or shapes engraved on it, which was common from the Shang Dynasty to the Han Dynasty.

Burial Jade

Burial Jade Burial Jade, ancient China believed that for burial jade, it can protect the body. The jade burial type is specially made to bury the body with jade, jade clothes, Hanyu, jade grips, and jade plugs for the protection of the nine orifices.

①Jade Clothing

Jade Clothing, also known as "Xia Yu", is responsible for "jade". The fallen threads pass through the body covered with jade pieces. According to legend, the body can be preserved without any damage. Fu can be divided into jade clothes with gold threads, jade clothes with copper threads, and silver threads

②Han Yu

Han Yu, also known as "Han Yu", The jade burials of different generations of the Han Dynasty contain the mouth-shaped jade cicada, jade silkworm, jade fish, jade tube supplier Zhou Yu and Han Hanyu, the Warring States period jade pig, jade dog, jade cow, jade fish, etc., any small The jade piece can also be used as a mouthpiece by the Han people after the Han Dynasty. The early Ming Tombs saw a small two-way claim to the Jade Han

③Jade Grip

< p> Also known as "holding jade", it is a common Han Dynasty jade holding in the hand of the funeral jade. The pig-shaped "jade dolphin" Huan-shaped jade pendant is sometimes used as a jade holding BR p>'s ④九 Aperture Jade Plug

The packager's nine-aperture jade plug, including ears, eyes, double nostrils, front and back shades, is intended to protect the body and prevent the escape of essence

Peijade< /p>

Pendant jade refers to a variety of jade articles worn by individuals, which are characterized by small individual sizes and mostly threaded holes. The more types of admiralty jade are just hairy jade rings, jade bracelets, jade pieces, and jade belt hooks. Hanging separately.

/>The earrings are shaped like small Bi jade ornaments, but there are certain differences. In contrast, the jade ornaments of the Western Zhou Dynasty are mostly carved with dragons, cloud patterns, and birds. Spring and Autumn jade ornaments unearthed from the Warring States Period

Bracelets

Bracelets are no longer popular, and have been smaller since ancient times. The shape of a basic human wristband is between 2-5 cm. The jade bracelet of the Dawenkou Culture unearthed from the Neolithic Age cemetery is square on the outside and round on the inside. The spring and autumn cycle bracelet is flat and round, and the gilt bracelet of the Tang Dynasty. , the cylindrical ring developed in the Song Dynasty bracelets, with a flat inner cylinder without patterns. It is more common in the decoration of Ming and Qing bracelets, such as combined beaded rope patterns, bamboo patterns, etc.

Yu Wei

Slightly curved and tapered, it was originally a portable tool for untying knots and later became a symbol of adulthood from the Neolithic Age to the Han Dynasty. It was not bad in age but is no longer seen after the Han Dynasty. < /p>

Jade She

Jade is commonly known as "cylindrical sleeve thumb, an early household appliance used to hook strings and be worn when shooting arrows." As early as the Shang Dynasty to the Han Dynasty, it gradually became a piece of jewelry that lost its practical function. From the Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, the imitation Han-shaped jade pendants were slightly unique, with very different shapes and decorations.