Basic schools of psychology (Part 1)-2022 Tianjin Teacher Recruitment Examination

>>> 2022 Tianjin Teacher Recruitment Examination Announcement Job Schedule Appointment

>>> "January" 2022 Tianjin Teacher Recruitment Examination Announcement and Publicity Summary (continuously updated)

The basic schools of psychology have always been the key content often examined in teacher recruitment examinations. Today we will talk about the relevant test points about the basic schools of psychology. This part of the knowledge points is prepared with main objective questions, focusing on mastering each Representative figures of the genre, their status and their views.

1. School of Structural Psychology

Wundt founded the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig in Germany in 1879, marking the official birth of psychology, so Wundt’s The school of structural psychology created was the first school of psychology as a preparation for status-type multiple-choice exams. Physics and chemistry were developing very well in Wundt's time. He saw that both physics and chemistry were studying elements and atoms, so Wundt believed that psychology should study consciousness, so he proposed that consciousness is composed of three elements:

(1) Feeling. For example, if you take a bite of lemon and feel sour, this is how it feels.

(2) Imagery, that is, the concepts and ideas in the head.

(3) Passion, such as seeing someone happy, passion can also be understood as emotion. Prepare for the exam with multiple choice questions here.

At the same time, Wundt was also thinking about what method to use to study consciousness. He thought of a very good method called introspection. Introspection can be understood as what Confucius said? "Self-reflection" means self-reflection. Studying psychology and then consciousness through introspection is the basic point of view of constructing the school of psychology.

Finally, I will provide you with a formula: ?Iron fans (Titchener and Wundt) introspect (use introspection method to study) create (constructivism) elements (research elements of consciousness)?.

2. Functionalist School of Psychology

In fact, after the birth of constructivism, as the first psychological school, it must be like a target, and there will be many schools in the future to oppose it. . Well, in the eleventh year since the birth of our structuralist school, it felt the deep malice from society. Psychologists here in the United States stood up to oppose it. They felt that Wundt's views were not pragmatic and of no use. So he began to study the functions of psychology and founded the second school of psychology, functionalism. Function actually means function. It is believed that psychology should not study the elements of consciousness, but should study the functions of consciousness, so it is called functionalism.

His representatives include Dewey, James and Angel. You may not be familiar with the latter two. Let’s look at Dewey first. When we mention Dewey, we can think of key words about him such as learning by doing, pragmatism, etc. Therefore, studying the functional role of consciousness is exactly what Dewey likes. . So here we also need to remember a person named James, who is the founder of functionalism. This person is a bit noble and says that he is self-taught in psychology and has been writing a book for 12 years. Wundt said that James was writing about literature, not psychology, so James was so angry that he scolded Wundt. After the two quarreled, functionalism became a "hot search". Functionalism was a black-red-black-red existence at the time.

Let’s talk about the main content of the specific research on functionalism: First of all, he proposed a concept of stream of consciousness, believing that consciousness is not composed of elements, but that consciousness is like a river, constantly flowing, changing and developing. From this point of view, we can find that he actually opposed the structural psychology school. In addition, he also studied the function of consciousness, which is to adapt the organism to the environment, that is, to enable us to continuously adapt to the world we live in now. This is the function of consciousness.

This is the second school of psychology, functionalism, and I will provide you with a formula: James (James) Gee (Angel) Wei (Dewey) adaptation (the function of consciousness is to adapt the organism to the environment) Function (Functionalism)?.

3. Gestalt Psychology School

With the development of time, psychology changed its position and returned to Germany again in 1912.

At this time, Germany had just ended its division and was moving toward reunification. The ideology of the entire society was also emphasizing unity, so the psychology community also advocated unification. So the third psychological school, Gestalt, was born, also known as Gestalt Psychology School, Gestalt. It is transliterated from German, and translated into Chinese it means the whole thing.

As the name suggests, the main point of the Gestalt school is that consciousness should be studied as a whole. It is not against consciousness, but it just believes that consciousness is a whole. Let’s take a look at the representative figures Kohler, Koffka, and Wertheimer. Just remember them.

This is the third school of psychology that is relatively easy to understand. The key word is to emphasize the overall study of consciousness.

Finally, I will give you a Gestalt psychology formula: Gestalt (Gestalt Psychology) Holistic (Study of Consciousness from the Holistic) for (Wertheimer) Co (Koler) Kao (Koffka) )?.

So these are the three major schools of consciousness research. Let’s look at a question:

4. Question practice

The single-choice question emphasizes that people should be The school of psychology that studies psychology as a whole rather than breaking it down into elements is ().

A. Behavioral psychology B. Constructive psychology C. Gestalt psychology D. Functionalist psychology

Answer C. Analysis: This question examines knowledge points related to the basic schools of psychology. The main point of view of the Gestalt school is to study consciousness as a whole, believing that consciousness is a whole. Therefore, choose option C for this question.