What are the directions of biological science postgraduate entrance examination?

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The 21st century is called the biological century, so it can be seen that biological technology has a great influence on human beings. Biological technology permeates many fields of social life, such as genetically modified soybeans, beer, lean pigs in food production, high-quality cotton and animal leather used for clothing, the production and development of vaccines and drugs in medicine, the application of IVF technology, and the gradually popularized bioenergy such as biogas and ethanol. As a subject of great significance and great development potential, two disciplines, a subsidiary of biology, includes major traditional disciplines such as microbiology, biochemistry and molecular biology, botany, cell biology and biopharmaceutics. At the same time, with the development of biotechnology, some new branches have emerged, such as bioinformatics, genetic engineering, marine biology and so on.

Microbiology: the hottest topic of microbial pharmacy

Microbiology is one of the earliest branches of biology, and its research direction can be divided into two categories: basic microbiology and applied microbiology. In the cultivation of basic microbiology, students are required to have a solid theoretical foundation, innovative thinking, good English reading ability and literature retrieval ability, as well as good writing ability. Graduates in this field can engage in research and teaching in scientific research institutes, schools and other units. In the cultivation of applied microbiology, in addition to the above training requirements, some majors also require students to master the use principle of bioengineering equipment.

Microbiology is a big subject in biology, and students studying in different directions will have different employment situations. Studying in a discipline that is biased towards basic theoretical research, in terms of job selection, you can only choose to work in universities or research institutes, and these units also have high requirements for recruitment targets, and generally require candidates to get doctoral degrees. If the major you study is biased towards the field of application, the choice of employment is much wider, and you can work in enterprises, government departments and schools for production, testing and teaching. At present, the popular research directions in microbiology are bioenergy and microbial pharmacy, especially in pharmacy, where the employment rate has always been relatively high. Biochemistry and molecular biology: the biology of micro-world

Biochemistry and molecular biology majors mainly study biological phenomena from the microscopic or molecular perspective, involving the intersection of physics, chemistry, mathematics, biology and other disciplines. Biochemistry and molecular biology permeate other majors of biology and belong to basic research majors. There is little difference in different research directions of subordinates, but because the major is theoretical, students are required to have a good English level so that they can consult various professional documents in the future.

Most graduates of this major work in laboratories. In addition, criminal investigation and medical examination will also involve DNA analysis technology and PCR technology in this major. Therefore, graduates of this major can also work in public security systems or medical institutions. Due to the high requirements for experimental equipment and the low level of biotechnology industrialization in China, there are not many enterprises and schools that recruit graduates of this major. If you can get a doctorate or go abroad for further study, there will be more job opportunities. If the major you study is related to drugs, there will be more employment opportunities.

The subject of biochemistry and molecular biology is developing rapidly and involves a wide range. In the long run, the development prospect is good.

Cell biology

is a subject that studies the functional structure, metabolites and principles of life activities of cells at microscopic, ultramicroscopic and molecular levels. At present, cell biology is developing rapidly, and most of the Nobel prizes in physiology and medicine in recent years have been awarded to scientists in this field.

In disease research and drug development, cloning technology and stem cell technology are often mentioned. It can be predicted that the subject has a bright future.

Students who study cell biology can engage in both theoretical research and the development and production of drugs and agricultural products after graduation.

At present, in the field of theoretical research, the research on diseases is a hot topic, especially the research on tumors.

In production, many enterprises also use cell engineering technology to manufacture biological products such as vaccines, erythropoietin, virus pesticides and crop seedlings.

Cell biology can be described as a new army of biology in China. Because of its short rise, there are not many universities with strong strength in this subject in China.

botany: a basic discipline with a high level of research

Botany is an ancient discipline that studies the classification, morphology, physiology, genesis, inheritance and evolution of plants. It is mainly divided into five research directions: plant taxonomy, plant morphology, plant genetics, plant physiology and plant ecology. Botany is of great significance in scientific research and application. In scientific research, it belongs to the basic discipline; In application, it can make great contributions to environmental protection, agricultural production and the development of medicinal plants.

Graduates majoring in botany have different employment status according to their research direction. Generally speaking, most of them are engaged in teaching and scientific research. But you don't have to engage in botanical research, and botanical knowledge can also be used in other scientific research fields. For example, some garden units, pharmaceutical companies, seed companies and government departments will recruit this professional talent.

Physiology

Compared with the newly emerging disciplines such as cell biology, there are more universities with higher level of botany research in China. Physiology is a subject that studies the law of life activities and the functions of various components of organisms, as well as the physiological changes of organisms in response to the environment. Physiology can be subdivided into microbial physiology, plant physiology, animal physiology and human physiology according to different research objects. Among them, pathophysiology is derived from human physiology.

For graduates majoring in science, medical research departments and pharmaceutical companies are ideal employment units. These departments have a great demand for talents, but they also require a higher degree of professionalism, that is, the physiology learned by the candidates should be in the direction of human body or pathology. If you study plants or animals, the ideal place is a research institute or a university.

Bioinformatics

Bioinformatics is a new interdisciplinary subject of computer, statistics, mathematics and biomedicine. This subject has become an important tool for biological research and a hot subject at present. At present, the research direction of this subject includes bioinformatics software, technology platform development, gene and genome evolution, etc. Graduates of this discipline can find jobs in research institutions and medical departments.

marine biology

marine biology is a science that studies the phenomena, processes and laws of life in the ocean. The research objects of this subject include the classification and distribution of marine organisms, the inheritance and evolution of marine organisms, the growth, heredity and physiology of organisms, etc. Expert? Marine life science and marine biotechnology industry will be one of the most promising and promising fields for China to catch up with the productivity level of developed countries in the world, realize its late-comer advantage and leap-forward development, so marine biology is a hot topic in the current biological field. Graduates of this major have broad employment prospects and can be employed in scientific research institutions, environmental protection, quarantine, aquatic products and marine departments. On the subject, relying on the Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroeconomics and Biology of the Ministry of Education, there are excellent tutors such as Yuan Wenjun and Gao Wenyuan, among whom Professor Yuan Wenjun is also the vice chairman of chinese association for physiological sciences and the chairman of the Shanghai Physiological Science Association. He has made remarkable achievements in the experimental study of endothelin and acute ischemic arrhythmia, the mechanism and gene therapy of acute ischemic arrhythmia, and the central regulation of autonomic nervous function.

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