The main application value of coal and its influence on China's economy and the world.

Coal has a wide range of uses, which can be classified into two main uses: (1) power coal and (2) coking coal.

The main uses of thermal coal in China are:

Thermal coal

1) coal for power generation: about 1/3 coal is used for power generation in China. At present, the average coal consumption for power generation is about 370 g/(kW h) standard coal. Power plants use the calorific value of coal to convert thermal energy into electric energy. 2) Coal for steam locomotives: it accounts for about 2% of power coal, and the average coal consumption index of steam locomotive boilers is about 100kg/ (ten thousand tons km). 3) Coal for building materials: accounting for more than 65,438+00% of thermal coal, with cement coal being the most, followed by glass and brick. 4) Coal for general industrial boilers: In addition to thermal power plants and large-scale heating boilers, there are many types of industrial boilers for general enterprises and heating, and the coal consumption accounts for about 30% of thermal coal. 5) Domestic coal: The amount of domestic coal is relatively large, accounting for about 20% of fuel coal. 6) Metallurgical power coal: The metallurgical power coal is mainly anthracite for sintering and blast furnace injection, and the consumption is less than 65,438+0% of the power coal.

coking coal

Although China is rich in coal resources, coking coal resources are relatively few, accounting for only 27.65% of China's total coal reserves. Coking coal includes gas coal (accounting for 13.75%), fat coal (accounting for 3.53%), main coking coal (accounting for 5.8 1%), lean coal (accounting for 4.0 1%), and others are unclassified coal (accounting for 0.55%). Non-coking coal includes anthracite (accounting for 10.93%), lean coal (accounting for 5.55%), weak alkali coal (accounting for 1.74%), anthracite (accounting for 13.8%) and long flame coal (accounting for12. The main purpose of coking coal is to smelt coke, which is made of coking coal or blended coal at high temperature. Generally 1.3 tons of coking coal can smelt one ton of coke. Coke, which is mostly used in steelmaking, is the main raw material in steel and other industries at present and is known as the "basic food" in the steel industry.

China is a major producer of coke and a major exporter in the world coke market. In 2003, the global coke output was 390 million tons, and that of China reached 654.38+78 million tons, accounting for about 46% of the global total. On the export side, in 2003, China exported coking coal14.75 million tons, of which 4.58 million tons were exported to the EU, accounting for about13. In 2004, China * * * exported14.72 million tons of coke, accounting for 56% of the global coke trade. The international coke market is still in short supply. In 2008, the total output of coke in China was about 327 million tons, and in 2009, it was 65438+252768700 tons10-September.

in China

Overview of resources

China is rich in coal resources, which are distributed in all provinces except Shanghai, but the distribution is extremely uneven. The area between Daxing 'anling, Taihang Mountain and Helan Mountain in northern China includes all or most of the six provinces of Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu and Henan, and the coal resources are concentrated, accounting for about 50% of the national coal resources and more than 55% of the northern coal resources. In southern China, coal resources are mainly concentrated in Guizhou, Yunnan and Sichuan provinces, with a total coal resource of 352.574 billion tons, accounting for 965.438+0.47% of the total coal resources in southern China. The proven reserves also account for more than 90% of the proven reserves in southern China. In 2007, the newly proven reserves of energy minerals in China increased significantly, with 62 large-scale deposits 17 major minerals added, including 4 large-scale deposits in coal, including 4 extra-large deposits 14 with resource reserves exceeding 10 billion tons, with a net increase of 44.8 billion tons. The proven coal reserves in China are 7241.1.60 billion tons, of which the proven reserves in production and construction are 1.86822 billion tons and the unexplored reserves are 453.896 billion tons.

During February 2006 1-65438+, the total industrial output value of China coal mining and washing industry reached 6,988,2961.9 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 23.45%. Accumulated product sales revenue was 709,234.867 million yuan, up 23.72% year-on-year, and accumulated profit was 67,726.662 million yuan, up 25.34% year-on-year. In June 2007, China coal mining and washing industry achieved industry accumulation. During 2008 1- 1, the total industrial output value of coal mining and washing industry in China reached 1,155383579,000 yuan, up 57.8 1% year-on-year.

The 11th Five-Year Plan period is the best period for structural adjustment and industrial transformation of the coal industry. Coal is the basic energy in China, accounting for about 70% of primary energy. The 11th Five-Year Plan proposal has further established the basic strategy of "focusing on coal and diversified development", laying a foundation for the prosperity and development of China's coal industry. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, the scale of new coal mines was about 300 million tons, of which 200 million tons were put into production, and the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" was 654.38 billion tons. China's coal industry will continue to develop vigorously, and the development prospect of China's coal industry will be very broad for a long time to come.

Basic situation

China, with its vast territory and rich products, is an important material foundation for the Chinese nation to thrive, develop and grow, and stand among the nations of the world. Among the discovered 142 minerals, coal occupies a particularly important position, with abundant resources and wide distribution. The coalfield covers an area of about 550,000 square kilometers, ranking among the top coal-producing countries in the world. The geological age of coal-accumulating period in China is as follows: Early Paleozoic and Early Cambrian: Late Paleozoic and Early Carboniferous, Late Carboniferous-Early Permian and Late Permian; Late Triassic of Mesozoic, Early and Middle Jurassic, Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous and Tertiary of Cenozoic. Among them, the late Carboniferous-early Permian, late Permian, early middle Jurassic and late Jurassic-early Cretaceous have the strongest coal accumulation. China's coal-bearing strata are all over the country, including Proterozoic, Early Paleozoic, Late Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic, and all provinces (regions) have coalfields with different sizes and economic values.

The coal-accumulating period and coal-bearing strata in China are distributed in six coal-accumulating areas in North China, South China, Northwest China, Southwest China (Yunnan, Tibet), Northeast China and Taiwan Province Province.

Distribution of coal reserves

The province (region) predicts the resource amount of lignite, low metamorphic bituminous coal, gas coal, fat coal, coking coal, lean coal and anthracite.

Beijing 86.72-86.72

Tianjin 44.52-44.52-

Hebei 601.39 9.98 7.24 508.44 30.19-45.54

Shanxi 3899.1812.68 53.85 70.42 343.90 508.02 305438+0.89 589.7838+08.63.40888888886

Inner Mongolia12250.41753.40 9004.001079.451.02364.18 0.23 23.968./kloc-8.

Liaoning 59.27 6.04 25.35 7.521.051.63-2.1515.53.

Jilin 30.037.4611.063.680.480.71.1.881.962.80.

Heilongjiang176.13 44.49 8.53 83.33-37.65 0.551.58-

Shanghai-

Jiangsu 50.49-34.71.1.57 6.90 2.022 3.451.84

Zhejiang 0.44-0.44-

Anhui 611.59-0.66 370.42 35.00154.37 33.69 3.56 438+03.89.

Fujian 25.57-0.09-25.48

Jiangxi 40.84-0.381.60 0.83 6.09 2.35 5.52 24.07

Shandong 405.13 24.67 3.23 220.68 76.50 5.64-27.66 46.75

Taiwan Province Province-

Henan 919.718.823.7586.16.5438+09.20163.7787.945438+009.29 440.83.

Hubei 2.04-0.49 1.55

Hunan 45.35

0. 15 1.27 2.28 2.06 1.3 1 1.65 36.63

Guangdong 9.11.41-0.06 0.07-0.74 7.83

Guangxi17.641.691.44-0.44 5.46 8.61

Hainan 0.0 1

Sichuan 303.7914.30-4.90 5.7175.46538+04.78133.26

Guizhou1896.90-5.2241.40319.57133.5665366

Yunnan 437.8719.1.67 6.223.58124.0031.17125.48/kloc-.

Tibet 8.09-0.08 0.08 0.200.130.140.037.43

Shaanxi 2031.10-523.79 800.1515.8911.49 64.4594594594

Gansu1428.87-242.49172.991.63-5.724.831.21.

Ningxia1721.1-1264.83120.50000.000000000005

Qinghai 380.42-143.6051.867.8533.0030.3481.1832.59.

Xinjiang18037.3-12920.0 4754.50312.60 24.80 25.40-

Nationwide 45521.01903.062421.939392.381032.6438+0.65435+0957.298888886

Development suggestion

Adjust the structure of railway transportation capacity

Due to the influence of transportation bottleneck and unbalanced allocation of transportation capacity, for a long time, the coal in China's main coal producing areas is mainly supplied to the relatively narrow coastal areas of East China and South China, while the supply of coal, especially electric coal, has been relatively tight in Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi provinces in the middle, most provinces and regions in the southwest and parts of the west due to the distribution of railway transportation capacity. Therefore, in areas where coal supply is tight and transportation capacity is short, efforts should be made to adjust the railway transportation capacity structure and increase investment in railway construction.

Accelerate the construction of large coal enterprises and coal bases.

The concentration of China's coal industry is still low, coal mining enterprises are too scattered, and there are a large number of individual mining cases. On the one hand, it is more difficult for the central and local governments to manage coal enterprises, and the safety problem is a headache; On the other hand, it intensifies the uncertainty of coal supply and increases the volatility of the market. As a decreasing non-renewable resource, the state should implement unified management and planning for its development and utilization, rather than letting itself drift. There is no doubt that large coal production enterprises have advantages in technology, safety and controllability, and it is necessary to effectively integrate existing coal resources. On the one hand, enterprises that do not have safe and scientific mining conditions will be resolutely closed. On the other hand, under the leadership of the government, a large number of scattered coal mining enterprises will be formed into large coal groups and bases in the form of joint-stock system according to the market operation mode, and unified mining, unified management and unified sales will be implemented. In view of this elite talent, which is also the most scarce talent in China at present, there is a coal talent network, which is a professional website for talent recruitment and job hunting in the coal industry.

Actively explore new modes and new ways of coal-electricity joint venture.

Coal and electricity are closely connected upstream and downstream industries, and the coal consumption of power enterprises accounts for more than half of the national coal consumption, and the coal-electricity joint venture model has been widely recognized. Coal is the main energy source in China. For a long time, coal from west to east, coal from north to south. Because the layout of resources cannot be changed, we must use market mechanism to solve the contradiction between coal and electricity, promote the integration of coal and electricity, and promote industrial integration. There are various modes of coal-electricity joint venture, such as establishing a pit power plant in coal mines, changing "coal transportation" into "power transmission", accelerating the development of UHV power transmission, increasing the proportion of coal-electricity conversion in situ, and reducing the pressure of coal transportation. Secondly, coal-fired power enterprises can also sign long-term coal supply and demand agreements and carry out strategic cooperation between coal-fired power enterprises. Thirdly, large coal enterprises and power generation enterprises can form coal-electricity integrated enterprises through mutual equity participation. Finally, coal-fired power enterprises can promote the strategic cooperation of coal-fired power enterprises through asset restructuring, joint listing and mergers and acquisitions.

Accelerate the adjustment of industrial structure and the transformation of economic growth mode

The rapid development of many industries in China is based on low electricity price, low coal price and high energy consumption. The increase in coal market price reflects the excessive energy consumption of these industries. We should make up our minds to control the excessive growth of energy-intensive industries, improve industrial policies, speed up the adjustment of industrial structure, curb unreasonable energy demand, and effectively change the mode of economic development. On the one hand, it is necessary to tighten the threshold for high-energy-consuming industries and overheated industries in terms of project license, land, environmental protection and credit supply. On the other hand, the formation mechanism of resource prices should be reformed as soon as possible, so that resource prices can fully reflect the scarcity of resources and environmental costs, and improving energy utilization efficiency becomes the conscious behavior of enterprises.

Accelerate the reform of resource taxes and fees, and promote the saving of coal resources.

Reforming China's resource tax system, from quantitative collection to ad valorem collection, and implementing the paid use of resources based on reserves and linked with recovery rate, on the one hand, it increases the difficulty of obtaining coal resources, increases the early investment and financial cost of coal production, and makes it impossible for coal mines to blindly expand production scale; On the other hand, it will make coal production enterprises cherish resources more, save resources, allocate and mine more scientifically and reasonably, and to some extent curb the behavior of "concentrating fat and thin" and blindly increasing production.

Accelerate the construction and development of the coal market system

Northeast Asia Coal Trading Center was established in July 2009, dedicated to promoting the construction and development of the coal market system, and establishing a highly information-based, standardized and open coal electronic trading platform and coal supply chain service platform.

With the profound changes in the coal industry environment and the acceleration of the marketization process, Northeast Asia Coal Trading Center has put forward the vision of "becoming the world's leading coal industry integrator", and clearly put forward the strategic positioning of "building the service standard of coal trading and coal supply chain, optimizing the resource allocation of coal industry, promoting the efficient coordination of industrial value chain, and promoting the construction and development of coal market system" as its mission. Relying on the world's major coal producing areas such as China, Mongolia, North Korea, Russian Far East, Viet Nam, Indonesia and Australia, and radiating the major coal consumption markets in Northeast Asia, we will provide an open, efficient and credible coal spot trading service platform through intensive trading platforms and electronic trading systems. At the same time, through the introduction and integration of professional service providers such as finance and logistics, it provides services such as information, warehouse receipt pledge supervision, prepayment, settlement, inventory management, agent procurement and settlement.