Examination questions for recruiting community workers

Xiamen city in 2005 open recruitment of community workers exam brochure.

In order to select high-quality talents to join the team of community workers, according to the relevant provisions of the "Implementation Opinions on Community Workers Management" issued by the Organization Department of the Municipal Party Committee and other five departments, it is planned to recruit 27 community workers for the whole city this year.

1. Registration conditions: permanent residence in this city, college degree or above, under 35 years old. Military spouses must hold a letter of introduction from the political department at or above the regiment level, and the age is relaxed to below 38. The certificate issued by the Civil Affairs Bureau of the Tibet Garrison is not limited by age or educational level.

2. Examination content: The written test is comprehensive knowledge, mainly including basic knowledge such as current affairs politics, Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents theory, community work and its related policies and regulations, social work, sociology, administration, legal knowledge, writing, etc. Try computer application in the interview.

Other aspects can be found in related books, and the community can refer to this:

You must look at the exams for community workers.

In the mid-1980s, China began to pay attention to community issues, and community services advocated by the government were widely carried out throughout the country. In the early 1990s, the Ministry of Civil Affairs put forward the concept of community construction and began to explore the theory and practice of community construction in China.

Section 1 Origin and Connotation of Community

First, the emergence of community.

The concept of community was put forward by German sociologist Tonnis. Community refers to a traditional mentality, lifestyle and organizational form. Since then, American sociologist Romis has divided the concepts of community and society for the first time in his translation, and proposed that community and society are different. It is believed that the community is spontaneous and the society is synbiotic; Community is homogeneous or heterogeneous, while society is heterogeneous; Community is relatively closed and self-sufficient, while society is relatively open and interdependent; Community is often a single value orientation, while society is a pluralistic value orientation; Community is an important source of people's feelings and sense of identity, while society is a big stage for people's rationality and function.

Second, the meaning of community

Scholars at home and abroad have different understandings of the concept of community, and everyone has different definitions of community, but they basically agree with the regionality of community. Since the mid-1980s, urban communities have become the research objects of multidisciplinary scholars. Some scholars describe it as "a community is a large group that is interrelated in life when several social groups or social organizations gather in a certain area." Some sociologists believe that the community is a human life group and its activity area that carries out certain activities, has certain interactive relations and maintains the same culture. Some scholars also pointed out that community refers to social groups and social organizations gathered in a certain geographical range, a social entity combined according to a set of norms and systems, and the same subject of social life in a region. Others believe that communities are organizations gathered in a certain area according to certain social systems and social relations, and regional life with the same population characteristics is the same. It can be seen that people have different concepts and definitions, but most people agree to use the word community in the regional sense. Therefore, community refers to the social life of people living in a certain range.

Section 2 Characteristics and Elements of Community

I. Characteristics of communities

Since the concept of community is the same subject of people's social life within a certain geographical scope, it must have the following characteristics.

1. Community is the epitome of society. Because the community is the living base of social members, the basic life activities of most social members are carried out in the community. They consume all kinds of living materials to meet the most basic needs of social life, thus establishing all kinds of social interpersonal relationships. Through the community, they can solve the difficulties and problems in life. Therefore, the community not only includes a certain number and quality of population, but also includes social groups and social organizations composed of these people; Not only people's economic life, but also political and cultural life; It includes not only a certain area, but also the means of production and means of subsistence on which people rely for social activities. In a word, the most basic content of social organism is all contained in the definition of community, so it is a social entity.

2. Community is the carrier of settlement, and settlement refers to various forms of human settlements. It is not only a collection of simple buildings, but also a collection of production and living facilities and labor land related to housing. The long river of history tells us that human beings first started from the needs of survival and development, seeking suitable living places and bases for various activities, and gradually changed from temporary and fluid to fixed and permanent, forming a residence composed of many houses, that is, a living lifestyle with settlements as the main body. This way of life just shows that settlements are the product of human transformation of the environment. As the center of human activities, settlement is not only a place where people live, live, rest and engage in social activities, but also a place where people carry out productive labor. Therefore, the settlement situation in China, including villages, market towns, counties and cities, is the carrier of the community. It is the difference of these carriers that creates different types of communities. 3. The community is a multifunctional aggregate. From the organizational point of view, the community is different from a social organization with a single goal and function, and its functions are multiple. As far as the situation of urban communities in China is concerned, communities have the following functions: First, condominium function. Community is an administrative organization with the management function of urban grass-roots society. Community organizations are the bridge and link between the party and the government and the masses. An important task of the community is to assist the government to do a good job in grassroots social work, maintain community public order, mediate civil disputes, handle community public affairs and public welfare undertakings, do a good job in mass ideological and political work, and maintain grassroots social stability. The second is the function of democratic autonomy. Community is an effective carrier of self-management, self-education and self-service. The so-called democratic autonomy means that the people under the leadership of the party and the government are autonomous according to law. Community is the carrier of social affairs stripped by the government, and it is the driving force to promote the separation of "government and enterprise, political society and political affairs" and realize the pattern of "small government and big society". The third is the supervision function. Community is the main place for people to participate in social and political life. As full members of the community, residents have the right to participate in community management and elect people's representatives and community workers in the community. Community self-government organizations are organizations that represent the masses to supervise government administration according to law and community self-government according to law. Community is the carrier of expanding grass-roots democracy and promoting the democratization and scientificization of government decision-making. The fourth is the cultural function. Grassroots communities in China shoulder the functions of developing education, organizing cultural entertainment and sports activities, and organizing mass activities to create spiritual civilization. Community culture is the best form of combining grass-roots social management education with serving the masses, and it is a project to unite people's hearts. Therefore, the cultural function is also a cohesive function. The fifth is the field function. The field function of the community provides opportunities and a stage for people's survival and development needs such as learning, inventing, starting a family, making friends and visiting relatives.

4. Community is the exact meaning of sustainable development. To be exact, since the emergence of agriculture and the formation of villages, there has been a community. The earliest form of community is the countryside. With the development of society, urban communities are formed on the basis of rural communities. During the evolution of thousands of years, the internal structure and social nature of urban communities have undergone tremendous changes. It can be said that these changes develop with the development of society, and the development of productive forces plays a decisive role. After entering the modern society, the development of the community is still the degree of social modernization, and it has entered a benign operation stage with the progress of advanced productive forces. Therefore, the community is sustainable.

Second, the elements of community.

Summarizing the above four characteristics of the community, we can easily understand that since the community is a multi-functional social entity, the main place for people to participate in social and political life, and a carrier of sustainable settlement, the elements that constitute the community are also diverse. According to China's social concept, the main factors of community formation are the following four aspects.

1. A certain region

Community is a regional society, that is to say, the community has certain boundaries. It is hard to imagine a community separating from a certain area. Therefore, the regional element is an important element in the concept of community, a prerequisite for the existence and development of community, and an important condition for determining the change of community. The regional elements of the community provide residents with space for production and life, as well as necessary natural and social resources. The geographical area of a community determines the production and living conditions of residents to a certain extent. Relatively speaking, a small community has less space for living and living. At the same time, the regional factors of the community affect the development speed of the community. Firstly, it explains the influence of geographical location on the community. Among the 26 national community construction experimental zones of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the areas that started earlier and developed rapidly at first are mostly concentrated in the eastern coastal areas. Superior geographical location is a condition for promoting community development. Secondly, geology and topography also seriously affect the development of communities, and communities are a solid foundation for the development of cities and communities. As mentioned above, areas with poor geology are not conducive to the construction of settlements; On the contrary, in flat areas, settlement construction is easier, which is conducive to the expansion of communities and the rapid development of transportation and economy. Of course, the role of regional factors in community development is determined by the level of productivity, but also restricted by political and economic factors. Within a certain geographical scope, it is equipped with certain production and living facilities, such as energy, roads, factories, schools, hospitals, etc. In addition, because the community is a regional society, from big cities to small villages and neighborhood committees, it can be called communities. However, in the process of practical workers' operation and scholars' research, community is often defined as a small area. As for how big this small area should be, it depends on the actual situation. At present, China's positioning of communities within the jurisdiction of neighborhood committees after scale adjustment is a choice that conforms to the reality of China and reflects the characteristics of China.

2. A certain number of people

The population of the community is a certain number of people with stable social relations. Because people live in the same place for a long time, they gradually form a multi-level and systematic internal communication relationship, and group members have the same sense of belonging because they live in the same place. Without a certain crowd, there is no community. The community crowd is the main body and the first element of the community. A certain number and quality of people is the primary prerequisite for the existence of the community. Among the community people, community residents are the creators of community economic life, political life and spiritual civilization life, the creators and users of community means of production, means of subsistence, cultural facilities and natural materials, and the undertakers of community social relations. In the community, community residents have formed a certain range of social relations due to communication, which is the guarantee for community residents to carry out community activities. When it comes to the elements of the community crowd, it inevitably involves the composition and form of the crowd. Composition refers to the proportional relationship between the characteristics and quantity of different types of population in the community; Form refers to the composition of social relations. The composition of community population largely determines the nature and tasks of community and community construction. Because the population itself has the characteristics of natural and social attributes, the composition of community population is also divided into natural and social components. Natural composition refers to the gender composition and age composition of the population. Among them, gender composition, also called gender ratio, refers to the quantitative proportional relationship between male and female population. Social composition refers to the ethnic composition, religious belief composition, cultural composition, occupational composition and class structure of the population in the community. Among them, the occupational composition refers to the proportional relationship between the occupational population in the community, indicating the industrial composition of the community, the developed degree of division of labor, the level of economic development and the degree of occupational differentiation. Generally speaking, the higher the level of economic development, the more complex the composition of the professional population in the community, and vice versa. The cultural composition of the community population reflects the educational level and scientific and cultural level of the population, and is an important symbol to measure the quality of the community population. There are various forms of community people, among which family and neighborhood are the most basic community groups. Family is a social group linked by marriage and blood relationship, and it is the product of the development of human society to a certain stage. Neighborhood is a social group formed by the link of residence. This group has two characteristics: ① Every neighborhood has a specific area, which forms the proximity of families in the same area, and the proximity of living location is the basic condition for the formation of neighborhood relations. ② It is an informal group, because there are no permanent members in the neighborhood, and moving out and moving in is the characteristic of the neighborhood. Neighborhood activities are spontaneous, and the leaders in these activities are often some group members with rich experience, strong organizational ability and high prestige. They have no clear position and corresponding rules and regulations, so neighborhood groups have no normative constraints on their members. Neighborhood is the natural foundation and intermediate link of grass-roots community organizations, and several neighborhoods constitute a community organization, so there is an internal relationship between neighborhood and community organizations. Developing neighborhood relations is an important function of community organizations.

3. An organization

Since the community is a multi-functional regional society, the community is an organized and orderly community entity. Public affairs, interpersonal relationships, civil disputes and so on in the community need to be dealt with. Therefore, the organization and management of the community has become an indispensable element in the community. As far as the current reality in China is concerned, some mass organizations and management bodies belong to the Party, some to political organizations, and some to mass autonomous organizations. Most of these organizations undertake the management functions of grass-roots society. They play an important role in mobilizing community members to participate in community construction and controlling community public resources and property according to the wishes of community members and the needs of community development. They are the executors of the policies of the party and the government, the transmitters of the opinions of community members, and the basic conditions for government administration according to law and community autonomy.

4. A sense of identity

The so-called sense of identity refers to the community consciousness of community residents, that is, a sense of identity generated by community residents in their own communities emotionally and psychologically. People living in a specific community for a long time will have a kind of identity psychology, that is, the concept of "I am from somewhere". Especially in the traditional society, this rural concept of "beauty is not beautiful in hometown water, but not in relatives' homes" is more obvious. Even people will gradually form some other * * * same consciousness, including * * * the same concept of honor and disgrace, * * * the same values, * * * the same ethical concepts and some * * * the same customs. Therefore, the sense of identity is also an important criterion to measure a community.

5. A certain community culture has its own characteristics, which is accumulated by community residents in their long-term life and is a major symbol of the relative independence and mutual difference of many communities. Community culture includes certain code of conduct, values, traditional customs, lifestyle, community awareness, language and so on. It integrates and permeates all aspects of social life. Community culture is an important foundation of community identity, belonging, community cohesion and influence. The above five aspects are the basic elements of a community. Due to the development of human society, especially the rise of modern cities, the community structure is complex, with various types and different geographical sizes. Therefore, the integrity and development level of elements of the community are unbalanced in different levels and types of communities. However, in any case, these basic elements are necessary for the community.

Third, the type of community.

Real communities are diverse. According to its structure and function, it can be divided into rural communities and urban communities. Rural communities and urban communities have different development processes and structural functions, which are the two most basic social environments for people's production and life. According to the relevant standards of dividing urban and rural areas in China, the population of the residential areas where the county and municipal people's governments are located is more than 3,000, of which more than 70% are non-agricultural population and the rest belong to villages. According to the uncertainty of its status, it can be divided into legal community and natural community. Statutory communities have legal status, and their boundaries are clear, such as the jurisdiction of towns in rural areas and the jurisdiction of street offices in cities. Natural communities are naturally formed, and their boundaries are vague, such as natural villages in rural areas, industrial areas, commercial areas, cultural areas and tourist areas in cities. In many cases, statutory communities are based on natural communities. For example, natural villages are also administrative villages, and small towns are also established towns. According to its level, it can be divided into micro community, small community (or primary community), medium community (or secondary community), large community (or tertiary community) and so on. Generally speaking, micro-community refers to those natural villages or urban neighborhood committees with small population and small area. Primary communities refer to those towns with small population and small geographical area. Secondary community refers to small and medium-sized cities with a large population and a wide geographical area. The third-level community refers to a city with a large population and geographical area.