How to further develop and run inclusive kindergartens?

Cracking the problem of "difficulty and expensive admission to kindergarten" has always been a hot topic of social concern and the focus of management by relevant departments. Especially after the implementation of the "universal two-child" policy in 2016, how does my country deal with the new situation? Peak admission time? In May 2017, the "Opinions on the Implementation of the Third Preschool Education Action Plan" issued by the Ministry of Education, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security proposed that by 2020, a preschool education system with wide coverage, basic guarantee, and A quality preschool education public service system. The national gross kindergarten enrollment rate for the three years of preschool has reached 85%, and the coverage rate of inclusive kindergartens has reached about 80%. Why should we develop inclusive kindergartens? What difficulties do private kindergartens face in the process of "generalization"? How to achieve the inclusive park coverage target of 80%? How to solve the teacher dilemma? How to strengthen the supervision of private kindergartens? Focusing on these issues, the reporter interviewed CPPCC members who participated in the National Two Sessions. Policy support, using rewards instead of subsidies, and inclusion in supervision and supervision——Accelerating the development of inclusive kindergartens What is inclusive kindergartens? According to Liu Yan, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and a professor at Beijing Normal University, convenience, affordability, and quality are the three basic characteristics. At present, my country's inclusive preschool education resources are generally insufficient, and even seriously insufficient in some areas. There are even fewer inclusive preschool education resources that can meet these three basic characteristics. "On the one hand, it is the people's growing demand for inclusive preschool education resources, and on the other hand, the scarcity of such resources has formed an extremely unbalanced supply and demand relationship. The difficulty in entering kindergartens in various places is mainly the difficulty of entering public kindergartens. This This contradiction between supply and demand shows that my country’s inclusive kindergartens are still far from being successful,” Liu Yan said. According to data from the Ministry of Education, there were 240,000 kindergartens nationwide in 2016, with 44.139 million children in kindergarten, including 154,200 private kindergartens. Some research institutions predict that there will be nearly 6 million new school-age children in the preschool education stage in 2019 due to the "universal two-child" policy, and the number will increase year by year. It is estimated that by 2021, there will be a shortage of nearly 110,000 kindergartens. Ni Minjing, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and deputy director of the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, said that the current proportion of public kindergartens is low, and there is great pressure to achieve the goal of building 80% inclusive kindergartens. According to Liu Ru, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, secretary of the Party branch and director of Beihai Kindergarten in Beijing, at present, with the strong support of governments at all levels, the number of public kindergartens is increasing year by year, and the quality of education is relatively guaranteed, but it still cannot satisfy the needs of ordinary people's children. demand for kindergarten admission; as an important force in the development of inclusive kindergartens, private kindergartens have many difficulties and obstacles. "Staffing and funding are the two major problems in the current development of inclusive private kindergartens." Liu Ru explained that running private kindergartens requires costs. If the charging standards of public kindergartens are reduced, staff wages and kindergarten operating funds will be problems. "However, when the number of public kindergartens is currently insufficient to meet the people's growing demand for kindergartens, vigorously supporting the development of inclusive private kindergartens is the only way to go." Liu Ru believes that preschool education is not only an education issue but also a people's livelihood issue, which requires The state provides policy, financial and material support. Liu Ru said that in fact, governments at all levels have made great determination to support the development of private kindergartens. Some provinces and cities have provided financial support to inclusive private kindergartens through awards instead of subsidies; at the same time, private kindergartens have been Incorporating it into the government supervision and supervision system has greatly increased the speed of quality improvement in private kindergartens. However, the future development of private kindergartens should still be divided into different levels to meet the needs of parents at different levels and allow different types of kindergartens to have a way out. Increase the number of staff, strengthen training, and improve remuneration - to build a team of high-quality kindergarten teachers. In January this year, the "Opinions on Comprehensively Deepening the Reform of the Construction of Teacher Team in the New Era" of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council specifically proposed that "comprehensively improve kindergarten teachers" quality and build a team of high-quality teachers who are good at protecting education." "A preschool teacher should not only take care of children's lives, but also cultivate and educate children, cultivate their good behavioral habits and qualities, and lay a good foundation for their lifelong development. This requires kindergarten teachers to be caring, patient, and You must have a sense of responsibility, the wisdom of education, and be proficient in all kinds of martial arts," Liu Ru said.

In reality, Liu Yan's research found that kindergarten teachers have long been regarded as "nannies" to take care of children. The professionalism of their work has not been respected and recognized by society. Kindergarten teachers are generally paid low wages and lack a professional society. attraction. "Without a team of high-quality kindergarten teachers who are good at protecting and teaching, how can we provide preschool education that satisfies the people?" Liu Yan said. In this regard, Liu Yan submitted a proposal this year to "respect and recognize the professionalism of kindergarten teachers and effectively improve the treatment of kindergarten teachers." In response to the current serious shortage of teachers in public kindergartens and the widespread problem of "large class sizes", Liu Yan suggested that the "Standards for the Staff Staffing of Public Kindergartens" should be introduced as soon as possible at the national level to ensure the construction of a team of teachers in public kindergartens from the institutional level. In addition, she also observed that in order to solve the problem of teacher staffing in public kindergartens, many local governments have supplemented teachers through public welfare positions, labor dispatch and temporary employment. There is a problem of unequal pay for equal work. Teacher stability is poor, which affects the quality and level of childcare. . "In the case of lack of staff, the government should adhere to the principle of 'equal pay for equal work' and adopt the method of purchasing 'positions' to supplement teachers according to the treatment of teachers currently on staff, so as to ensure that teachers can 'enter and retain'." Liu Yan said . For teachers in private kindergartens, Liu Ru suggested that teachers in private kindergartens should be given equal training opportunities and training should be regarded as an important benefit. Faced with the shortage of teachers in preschool education, Ni Minjing suggested a two-step approach. "On the one hand, we will speed up the training of preschool education talents at junior college level and above to meet the normal demand in the future. At the same time, in view of the upcoming peak of kindergarten enrollment, we will learn from the past model of setting up preschool teachers in areas where there is a special shortage of preschool teachers to train preschool teachers starting from high school. This short training cycle can solve the urgent shortage of preschool education teachers," said Ni Minjing. Form a mechanism that pays equal attention to education supervision and industry management - Increase the supervision of private kindergartens At present, some kindergartens have poor operating standards, arbitrary fees, and primary schoolization, etc., which have become issues that the people have strongly reflected on. How to ensure the healthy development of preschool education through strengthening supervision? According to Zhu Yongxin, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and vice chairman of the Central Committee for Democracy, it is difficult to rely solely on government supervision. It is also necessary to form a mechanism that pays equal attention to education supervision and industry management. "Currently, internationally, preschool education management is basically based on industry management, with industry associations formulating industry standards to price and evaluate kindergartens of different levels." Zhu Yongxin said. Ni Minjing introduced that the Shanghai Child Care Association has played a great role in the supervision of preschool education. "The Shanghai Municipal Education Commission will entrust kindergarten associations and educational evaluation agencies to conduct rolling evaluation and acceptance of kindergartens across the city at each stage, and to conduct inspections and acceptance of kindergarten courses, equipment and facilities, teachers, etc., and establish a quality assurance mechanism. If If problems are found, a rectification list will be made, and those who fail to make rectifications will be demoted or even ordered to quit," Ni Minjing said. The Ministry of Education's 2018 work points stated that it is necessary to improve the quality of child care and education, improve the quality assessment system, implement the "Supervision and Evaluation Methods for Kindergarten Operation Behavior", establish a normal monitoring mechanism for kindergarten operation behavior, and ensure that kindergarten operation is carried out in accordance with laws and regulations. In this regard, Zhu Xiaojin, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and vice president of Nanjing Normal University, believes that inclusive private kindergartens can be supported to improve the quality of schooling through dispatching public teachers, training teachers, and teaching and research guidance. At the same time, we will strengthen the quality supervision of private kindergartens, use the number of inclusive degrees and the quality of kindergartens as the basis for rewards and support, and make rectifications within a time limit for kindergartens that fail to meet the requirements. “The most fundamental thing is to speed up the legislation of preschool education.” Ni Minjing believes that so far, there is no legal support for preschool education. “Only by speeding up legislation can various issues of preschool education be sorted out, including kindergarten construction standards, nature of kindergartens, scale, Issues such as teachers and supervisory bodies.” "The input-output ratio of preschool education is very high. Good preschool education is of great significance to children's personality development, social development and intellectual development. We must vigorously strengthen the construction of inclusive kindergartens and strive to provide every child with access to Enjoy affordable, high-quality preschool education.

Preschool education is an important stage in children's growth and development. It not only has an important impact on children's intellectual, emotional, social and physical development, but also lays the foundation for subsequent learning and life. Therefore, the reform and development of preschool education is very important. Regarding the issue of the proposal by members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference to lower the age for kindergarten entry, I believe that specific discussions and reforms should be carried out based on the actual situation and the laws of children’s physical and mental development. The following are some of my thoughts on preschool education reform: 1. Improve the problem of insufficient preschool education resources: Currently, the shortage of preschool education resources is a common problem, and many families find it difficult to provide good preschool education for their children. Therefore, we should increase the construction and investment of preschool education resources, including strengthening the construction of public kindergartens and child care institutions, encouraging and supporting the development of private kindergartens, and improving the popularity and quality of preschool education. 2. Establish a scientific preschool education evaluation system: Preschool education evaluation should not only evaluate students’ cognitive and skill levels, but also evaluate students’ physical and mental development, emotion, and social aspects. This requires the establishment of a scientific evaluation system, including evaluation methods, evaluation standards and evaluation tools. 3. Strengthen the construction of preschool education teachers: The quality and effect of preschool education largely depend on the level and quality of teachers. Therefore, the construction of preschool education teachers should be strengthened, including strengthening teacher training, improving teacher remuneration, establishing incentive mechanisms, and strengthening teacher management. 4. Scientifically formulate age standards for children entering kindergarten: The age standards for children entering kindergarten should be based on scientific research and the laws of children's physical and mental development, rather than simply based on the subjective opinions of some people. At the same time, flexible age standards for kindergarten entry should be formulated taking into account factors such as children’s family environment, life experience, and cultural background.