An Error in Southern Zhili

The Southern and Northern Zhili in the Ming Dynasty were special entities. Many people considered the Southern and Northern Zhili to be administrative regions, but this was actually a big misunderstanding. The northern and southern Zhili prefectures and Zhili prefectures are directly under the jurisdiction of the six ministries of the central government, just like the Thirteenth Chief Envoy. South Zhili is the collective name for Nanjing and nearby prefectures and Zhili Prefecture; North Zhili is the collective name for the capital and nearby prefectures and Zhili Prefecture. South Zhili is not equal to Yingtian Prefecture, and Northern Zhili is not equal to Shuntian Prefecture.

This misunderstanding is the same as understanding Jianghan area in Hubei Province as a political region.

The Jianghan area is just a general term, including Xiantao, Qianjiang, and Tianmen. The three cities are all county-level cities and are directly under Hubei Province.

The same goes for the North and South Zhili, which are just two collective names. There are eight prefectures and two Zhili prefectures in the North, and fourteen prefectures and four Zhili prefectures in the South. They are all at the prefectural level and directly under the six ministries of the central government.

Of course, there are some differences between the two. For example, there is a separate Intermediate Court in the Jianghan area, while the superior judicial institution of the prefectures and prefectures in the north and south is the Ministry of Justice. The North and South Zhili Provinces themselves have no official offices, no institutions, and no chief executive. Although Shuntian Prefecture and Yingtian Prefecture are Beijing Prefectures, they are still at the prefectural level. The governor cannot control other prefectures. If there are no official offices, no institutions, and no chiefs, it cannot be called a political district.

In fact, Zhili refers to the "area under direct jurisdiction" in current parlance, and Beizhili means "the area under direct jurisdiction in the north (central)".

In fact, this system also originated from the Yuan Dynasty. On our maps, the areas directly under the jurisdiction of the Zhongshu Province of the Yuan Dynasty are generally represented as "Zhongshu Province". In today's terms, the Zhongshu Province of the Yuan Dynasty is the "State Council" ". The Yuan Dynasty used the term "Feili" to refer to this area, and the Ming Dynasty used the term "Zhili" to refer to this area.

After the Peiping Chief Executive and Ancha Division were abolished, the original Zhili was renamed Nanzhili, or Nanzhi for short; the original jurisdiction of the two Peking divisions was also a direct-administered area, so it was called Beizhili, or Beizhi for short. straight. (At the same time, the Peking Dusi was also abolished, and the original guard post was also directly under the jurisdiction of the Houjun Dudufu)

As for the capital and Nanjing in the "History of the Ming Dynasty", strictly speaking, it is wrong, because the capital refers to the capital. Nanjing and Nanjing are not administrative districts themselves. It can only be said that Jingshi refers to Beizhi and Nanjing refers to Nanjing. The Northern and Southern Zhili also have patrols and guardians, but precisely because the Northern and Southern Zhili are not administrative regions, the political counselors, counselors, deputy envoys, and ministers of each district can only be affiliated to the two neighboring departments. Among them:

The four roads of Miyun, Daming, Tianjin and Bazhou in North Zhili are managed by Shandong; the six roads of Yizhou, Koubei, Changping, Jingxing, Jizhou and Yongping are managed by Shanxi.

The three roads of Taicang, Yingzhou and Xuzhou in South Zhili are managed by Shandong; the six roads of Susong, Caochu, Changzhen, Lufeng, Huining Chitai and Huaiyang are managed by Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Huguang belt management. Household Department: In the Ming Dynasty, there were thirteen Purification Departments in the Household Department, divided according to the Chief Secretary. Each Purification Department was in charge of the affairs of the Chief Secretary, and was also in charge of the central department, the Nanjing department, the Metropolitan Guard, the Five Cities, and special institutions such as salt. In charge of the granary, customs, customs, etc. and the affairs of the northern and southern prefectures. Among them:

The affairs of eight prefectures and two prefectures in Beizhi are under the jurisdiction of the Fujian Division (the Fujian Division is also in charge of eight prefectures and one prefecture in Fujian, including Fujian Dusi, Xingdu Division, Daning Dusi, Wandu Division, etc. Basically, the affairs of Beizhili All affairs are also under the control of the Fujian Division, and of course some important granaries, etc.).

The affairs of the four prefectures of Nanzhi Prefecture are under the jurisdiction of the Sichuan Division (the Sichuan Division is also in charge of the affairs of Sichuan's prefectures, Sichuan Dusi, Xingdu Division, Zhongdu Left-behind Division, etc. Basically, the affairs of Nanzhi Province are also under the jurisdiction of the Sichuan Division) Sichuan Division is in charge).

In the Qing Dynasty, the affairs of Zhili Province (established in Beizhi) were still under the Fujian Division; after the establishment of Jiangnan Province, the affairs of Jiangnan Province (established in Nanzhi) were placed under the jurisdiction of the newly established Jiangnan Division. Ministry of Punishment: The Ministry of Punishment of the Ming Dynasty was the same as the Ministry of Household Affairs. It was divided into thirteen Purification Departments, which were divided into Benjingsi (the same division as the Chief Secretary). Each Purity Department was in charge of the affairs of the Benjingsi, and was also in charge of the central department, Nanjing department, Affairs of the Dusi Guard Office, the Royal Palace, the Five Cities, special institutions such as the Salt Division, etc., and the Northern and Southern Direct Prefectures. Among them:

The three prefectures of Shuntian, Yongping and Guangping in the north are under the jurisdiction of Yunnan Province, the four prefectures of Baoding, Hejian, Zhending, Shunde and Baoan Prefecture are under the jurisdiction of Guizhou Province, and Daming Prefecture is under the jurisdiction of Sichuan Province Yanqing Prefecture is under the jurisdiction of Guangdong Province.

Nanzhi Yingtian Prefecture is under the jurisdiction of Guangdong, Huai'an and Yangzhou are under the jurisdiction of Henan, Anqing and Huizhou are under the jurisdiction of Guangxi, Ningguo and Chizhou are under the jurisdiction of Huguang, and Suzhou is under Guizhou Songjiang Prefecture is under the jurisdiction of the Sichuan Division, Luzhou Prefecture is under the Jiangxi Division, Taiping Prefecture is under the Shaanxi Division, Fengyang Prefecture and Chuzhou are under the Shandong Division, Zhenjiang Prefecture and Xuzhou are under the Shanxi Division, and Changzhou Prefecture and Guangzhou Prefecture are under the jurisdiction of the Shanxi Division. It is under the jurisdiction of Fujian Province, and Hezhou is under the jurisdiction of Zhejiang Province.

Among them, Guangdong, Guizhou, and Sichuan control the prefectures in the north and south at the same time.

In the Qing Dynasty, the affairs of Zhili Province were placed under the newly established Zhili Division; the affairs of Jiangnan Province were placed under the newly established Jiangnan Division. After being divided into Jiangsu and Anhui provinces, the Jiangnan Division was also divided into Jiangsu and Anhui. Two divisions. Supervisory censors: The supervisory censors in the Ming Dynasty were divided into thirteen lines, divided into two divisions. Each line was in charge of the affairs of the department, and also in charge of the central department, Nanjing department, the capital's health office, the palace, the five cities, and special institutions such as salt. Secretary, chieftain, etc. and affairs of the northern and southern prefectures. Among them:

The three prefectures of Shuntian, Yongping and Guangping in the north are owned by the Yunnan Road Administration, the two prefectures of Baoding and Zhending are owned by the Guangxi Road Administration, and the two prefectures of Hejian, Shunde and Baoan Prefecture are owned by the Guizhou Road Administration. , Daming Prefecture belongs to Henan Road Administration, Yanqing Prefecture belongs to Guangdong Road Administration

Nanzhi Yingtianfu belongs to Guangdong Road Administration, Changzhou and Chizhou Prefectures belong to Fujian Road Administration, Anqing and Huizhou belong to Guangxi Road Administration, Zhenjiang, Taiping Prefecture belongs to Shanxi Province, Fengyang Prefecture, Xu and Chuzhou belong to Shandong Province, Songjiang Prefecture and Guangzhou Prefecture belong to Sichuan Province, Suzhou Prefecture belongs to Guizhou Province, Yangzhou Prefecture belongs to Henan Province, and Luzhou Prefecture belongs to Henan Province. Zhejiang Daoguan, Huai'an Prefecture belongs to Jiangxi Daoguan, Ningguo Prefecture belongs to Huguang Daoguan, and Hezhou belongs to Shaanxi Daoguan

Among them, Guangdong, Henan, Guangxi, and Guizhou all govern the north-south prefectures at the same time.

In the Qing Dynasty, the affairs of Zhili Province were placed under Henan Province, and later Gyeonggi Province; the affairs of Jiangnan Province were placed under the newly established Jiangnan Province.

In the first year (1355), Taiping Road was changed to Taiping Mansion; in the second year (1356), Jiqing Road, Zhenjiang Road, and Guangde Road were changed to Yingtian Mansion, Jianghuai Mansion, and Jianghuai Mansion respectively. Guangxing Prefecture; in the same year, the Song Dynasty established Jiangnan Xingzhongshu Province, which governed Yingtian Prefecture, and governed Yingtian Prefecture, Taiping Prefecture, Jianghuai Prefecture, Guangxing Prefecture, Changzhou Road, Yangzhou Road, Luzhou Road, and Anqing Road; in the same year, Jianghuai Prefecture was renamed Zhenjiang Prefecture. ;

In the third year (1357), Changzhou Road was renamed Changchun Prefecture and was renamed Changzhou Prefecture; Ningguo Road and Huizhou Road were renamed Ningguo Prefecture and Xin'an Prefecture respectively; Yangzhou Road was renamed Huaihai Prefecture;

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In the sixth year (1360), Xinzhou Road was renamed Guangxin Prefecture, which was affiliated with Qianshan Zhili Prefecture;

In the seventh year (1361), Ningguo Prefecture was renamed Xuancheng Prefecture; Chizhou Road was renamed Jiuzhou Prefecture. Huafu was renamed Chizhou Prefecture; Anqing Road was renamed Ningjiang Prefecture; Huaihai Prefecture was renamed Weiyang Prefecture; Raozhou Road was renamed Poyang Prefecture;

In the eighth year (1362), Ningjiang Prefecture was renamed Anqing Prefecture. ; Poyang Prefecture was renamed Raozhou Prefecture, and together with Guangxin Prefecture and Qianshan Zhili Prefecture, it belonged to Jiangxi Province; Zhongshu Province, commonly known as Zhili; in the same year, Zhongshu Province was established in Jianghuai Province to govern Luzhou Prefecture, and Luzhou Road was changed to Luzhou Prefecture to belong to Jianghuai Province;

In the twelfth year (1366), Weiyang Prefecture and Xuancheng Prefecture were renamed Yangzhou Prefecture and Xuanzhou Prefecture respectively; Huai'an Road, Gaoyou Prefecture, and Anfeng Road came to belong to Jianghuai Province; in the same year, Jianghuai Province became Zhongshu Province, and Anfeng Road and Huai'an Road were changed to Shouchun Prefecture respectively. , Huai'an Prefecture; in the same year, Huzhou Road and Jiaxing Road were changed to Huzhou Prefecture and Jiaxing Prefecture respectively; in the first year (1368), Gaoyou Prefecture was transferred to Sanzhou; in the same year, Yingtian Prefecture was designated as Nanjing and the capital;

II In the fourth year (1369), Linhao Prefecture was designated as the central capital, and Sizhou and Shouzhou were promoted to Sizhou Zhili Prefecture and Shouzhou Zhili Prefecture respectively;

In the fourth year (1371), Sizhou Zhili Prefecture and Shouzhou Prefecture All prefectures and Zhili prefectures were demoted to Sanzhou; Guangxing Prefecture was demoted to Guangde Zhili Prefecture; in the sixth year (1373), Linhao Prefecture was renamed Zhongfu; in the seventh year (1374), Zhongli Prefecture was renamed Fengyang Prefecture;

In the eleventh year (1378), Nanjing was changed to the capital;

In the thirteenth year (1380), the Zhongshu Province was abolished, and the prefectures and prefectures directly under the Zhongshu Province were changed to six directly under the jurisdiction, still commonly known as Zhongshu Province.

In the 14th year (1381), Xuzhou was promoted to Xuzhou Zhili Prefecture; Huzhou Prefecture and Jiaxing Prefecture belonged to Zhejiang Province;

In the 22nd year (1389), Hezhou Prefecture , Chuzhou were promoted to Hezhou, Zhili Prefecture and Chuzhou to Zhili Prefecture respectively; the government was in today's Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province

It has jurisdiction over Fuguo County: Shangyuan County and Jiangning County

Other jurisdictions Counties: Jurong County, Liyang County, Lishui County, Gaochun County, Jiangpu County, and Liuhe County are governed by Fengyang County in present-day Anhui Province

It governs Fuguo County: Fengyang County and Linhuai County

Other counties: Huaiyuan County, Dingyuan County, Wuhe County, Hong County

States and counties under their jurisdiction: Shouzhou (Huoqiu County, Mengcheng County); Sizhou (Xuyi County, Tianchang County), Suzhou (Lingbi County), Yingzhou (Yingshang County, Taihe County), and Bozhou were governed in Huai'an District, Huai'an City, Jiangsu Province (formerly county-level Huai'an City)

Fuguo County under jurisdiction: Shanyang County

Other counties under jurisdiction: Qinghe County, Yancheng County, Andong County, Taoyuan County, Shuyang County

Prefectures and counties under their jurisdiction: Haizhou (Ganyu County), Pizhou (Suqian County, Suining County) are governed in present-day Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province

Fuguo County under its jurisdiction: Jiangdu County

Other counties under its jurisdiction: Yi Zhen County, Taixing County

Belongs to the prefecture and its counties: Gaoyou Prefecture (Baoying County, Xinghua County), Taizhou (Rugao County), Tongzhou (Haimen County), and its government is in today's Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province

Jurisdiction of Fuguo County: Wu County, Changzhou County

Other counties: Wujiang County, Kunshan County, Changshu County, Jiading County

Belonging to the prefecture and its jurisdiction County: Taicang Prefecture (Chongming County), with the government in present-day Songjiang District, Shanghai

Fuguo County: Huating County

Other counties: Shanghai County, Qingpu County with the government in today Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province

Administered Fuguo County: Wujin County

Other counties: Wuxi County, Yixing County, Jiangyin County, Jingjiang County, the government is in Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province

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Jurisdiction of Fuguo County: Dantu County

Other counties:

Danyang County and Jintan County are governed by present-day Hefei City, Anhui Province

Fuguo County: Hefei County

Other counties: Shucheng County, Lujiang County

Affiliated prefectures and their counties: Wuwei Prefecture (Chao County), Lu'an Prefecture (Yingshan County, Huoshan County). The government is in Anqing City, Anhui Province today

Fuguo County under its jurisdiction: Huaining County

Other counties: Tongcheng County, Qianshan County, Taihu County, Susong County, and Wangjiang County are governed by Dangtu County, Anhui Province today

Fuguo County is governed by: Dangtu County

Other counties under its jurisdiction: Wuhu County and Fanchang County are governed by Chizhou City in present-day Anhui Province

Fuguo County under its jurisdiction: Guichi County

Other counties under its jurisdiction : Qingyang County, Tongling County, Shidai County, Jiande County, and Dongliu County are governed in today’s Xuancheng City, Anhui Province

Administer Fuguo County: Xuancheng County

Others Counties under jurisdiction: Nanling County, Jing County, Ningguo County, Jingde County, and Taiping County. The government is in today's She County, Anhui Province

Fuguo County under jurisdiction: She County

Other counties under jurisdiction : The state governments of Xiuning County, Wuyuan County, Qimen County, Yi County, and Jixi County are in today's Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province

Other counties: Xiao County, Pei County, Feng County, and Dangshan County are in the present-day Chuzhou City of Anhui Province. City

Other counties: Quanjiao County, Lai'an County, the state government is in today's Anhui Province, and He County

Other counties: Hanshan County, the state government is in today's Guangde County, Anhui Province

Other counties: Jianping County