What are the original text and translation of Preface to Tao Yuanming's Collection?

Husband dazzles from the media, scholars and women's antics, people who don't think about anything, and the intention to understand. It is a saint who hides his light, and it is a saint who hides from the world. What is the reason? There is nothing more virtuous than Tao, and there is nothing more important than caring for yourself.

The old way is safe, and the road kills people. Being a hundred years old, I have lived all my life, and suddenly compared with a white pony, it is appropriate to rely on a large area of prosperity and wither, and go with the neutralization. How can we work hard and worry-free, and help the world?

Enjoy Zhao's daughter's entertainment, eat eight treasures and keep balance, marry the honor of parting, and hold on to your luxury. Happiness will be happy, and worries will follow. No matter how hard it is to lean on, it also celebrates the phase of hanging. Wise men are walking on thin ice.

Stupid people compete with greedy people. Jade is in the mountains, and it breaks when it sees treasure. Although there is no one, it still smells good. Therefore, Zhuang Zhou fished in Haocheng, cultivated in the wild, or transported herbs from Haidong, or spun wool from Jiangnan.

For example, if you spend your honeymoon with a bird, you can't compare with the meat of a kite and an owl. You are a mixed county, so you would rather work than be a sacrifice of Wenzhong. Such as Zichang, Ning Zhilun, Su Qin, and the horse of Wei Yang, died without regret, and they were as happy as they were. Father Yan said, "If you don't eat five ding, you'll cook five ding even if you die."

How painful it is to die like he said! Zi Chu's visit to Zhou was attributed to Sun Man and Huo Hou riding, which was a disaster. Gluttony, its flow is very complicated. Tang Yao, the master of the four seas, has the heart of Fenyang, the son of the world, and the ambition of Robin.

If it's light, it's chicken feathers, but it's worse than him. It is even that a person is a scholar because of his dark traces. Or pay homage to the emperor with an open mind, or wear brown but lose your salary, and abandon the machine. The love of Chinese music does not lie in official business, and those who make official business forget their feelings.

There is no doubt that there is wine in Tao Yuanming's poems. I don't think it's the wine, but it's also the wine. His articles are not crowded, eloquent, ups and downs, clear-cut, and unique, hearty, and can not go hand in hand with Beijing.

Language and current affairs can be imagined, and the theory of arms is broad and true. How can we be faithful to our ambitions, live a quiet and hard life, not be ashamed of our hard work, not be sick of our lack of money, not be loyal to our ambitions, and be corrupt in our own way?

I love his writing, but I can't let it go. I still think about his virtue, but I hate it. So I added a search, and the rough one is the area. The person with slight flaws in Bai Bi is only in the poem Leisure. Yang Xiong said that he advised a hundred people and satirized one person, but there was no irony. Why is he shaking his pen?

What a pity! Nothing can be done. And roughly point his biography, compiled in the record. It is said that there are people who can read profound articles, those who are competitive, and those who mean to get rid of them. A greedy husband can be cheap, but a coward can stand. It is not only a matter of righteousness, but also a matter of resignation. It is also helpful for the wind to teach you.

Translation:

It is an ugly behavior of uneducated men and women to show off and want to marry themselves; Those who are not jealous or greedy have bright and understanding hearts. Therefore, saints hide their names and bury their talents, and sages avoid the secular world.

What is the reason? The high realm of Tibetan morality is not to go beyond the norms of "Tao"; Cherish yourself, the most important thing is to pay attention to your health. Therefore, the Tao is safe on its side, and it hurts if it is not on its side.

A hundred years, a lifetime, time flies like a blink of an eye, and the encounter of strangers is like staying in a hotel. Like the atmosphere, it should be dispersed and combined. If you let yourself go for a long time, how can you always work hard for what you are worried about and live a mediocre life on earth!

Even if there is Zhao girl who can sing and dance well, there are all kinds of rare foods, luxury cars and horses, and precious jade articles, happiness is happiness, and sadness will follow. The mutual transformation of fate is unpredictable, and celebration and mourning are interdependent.

People with wisdom and ability live on thin ice; Ignorant and greedy people, scrambling for profits, flow like a flood. Jade is produced in the mountains, because its preciousness was discovered and eventually mined; Bluegrass is born in the valley, and even if no one looks at it, it still spits out fragrance.

Therefore, Zhuang Zhou fished by Haoshui's side, Bocheng farmed in the fields. Some people would rather sell medicinal materials in the East China Sea (An Qisheng's allusion), while others would rather use the feathers of birds and animals in the south of the Yangtze River (Lao Laizi's allusion).

How can a Swiss bird, like a young honeymooner, compete with a kite for carrion? Just like that little seabird, how can it be worthy of Zang Wenzhong's sacrifice! As for people like Zi Chang and Ning, people like Qin and Wei Yang did not hesitate to devote themselves to their beliefs.

Indulge in it and never regret it. Strict father said, "If I were alive, I wouldn't be able to enjoy five pots of food. When he died, he was cooked by Wuding. " Really like what he said, isn't it sad! He also asked his size and was humiliated by the king.

Although Huo Guangguan was the confidant of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, his sharp edge was too exposed, which led to the disaster behind him. There are many greedy people. Tang Yao, the master of the world, has the ambition of seclusion in Fenyang; Zi Jin is the Chu Jun of the world, but he has the ambition to live in seclusion in Robin.

Giving up the throne is as indifferent as taking off your shoes. Treating the king as light as a feather, let alone others? So smart people always hide their talents. Someone went to visit the emperor with the strategy of governing the country and keeping the country safe.

Some people live with coarse clothes and firewood on their backs, and some people shake their oars leisurely on the quiet lake. They gave up their plan to go deep into the Hanshui River. His nature is not politics, he puts other people's hearts on interesting business.

There is wine in Tao Yuanming's poems, but his original intention is not wine, but to pin his interest on wine. His articles stand out from the crowd, with wonderful words and heroic ups and downs, more than many articles and less than him.

Such as the broad white waves flowing eastward, majestic and soaring into the sky; Talking about current affairs is targeted and thought-provoking; As far as ambition is concerned, you are broad-minded and frank. Plus the ambition of never giving up chastity, be content with morality and keep chastity.

Not ashamed of self-cultivation, not distressed by poverty. If you are not a saint, have a firm ambition and don't go with the flow, who can achieve this state?

This is why everyone can't put it down. So I collected and revised his works, roughly classified and catalogued (made a collection). White jade also has flaws. The only defect of his works is leisure fu, and Yang Xiong's works should play the role of persuasion and satire.

In his Leisure Fu, there is always no irony. Where is it worth writing? What a pity! It would be better for Tao Yuanming not to write this article. I wrote him a rough biography and included it in this small collection.

I once said that if people can read Tao Yuanming's articles, the desire to pursue fame and gain will be eliminated, vulgar and stingy thoughts will be removed, greedy people will be honest and clean, and cowardly people will stand on their own two feet. Is there only the way of righteousness to follow?

Even the official salary can be given up, and I don't have to travel to Huashan Mountain in Xiyue to become an immortal like Laozi. Then, this small collection also helps to educate the world.

Extended data:

Analysis:

The first part of Preface to the Collection of Tao Yuanming discusses the reasons for Tao Yuanming's seclusion: The Preface discusses the social reasons for Tao Yuanming's seclusion, saying: "The entertainment of Zhao dance, the food of Nine Treasures as a treasure, the journey of parting, the luxury of holding Gui, the joy will be happy, and the worries will follow."

How difficult it is to lean on, but also to celebrate one crane after another. Wise people live in it, walking on thin ice; Stupid people and greedy people compete for this if they reveal their tails. "This is a vivid portrayal of society at that time. Enjoy sensual entertainment, exquisite food enjoyment, grand outing and prominent position.

Can be said to be the greatest pleasure in the world. However, when I was killed in an instant, my wealth and wealth suddenly vanished. In this greedy society, wise men are walking on thin ice, and it is reasonable to retire.

Character introduction:

Tao Yuanming (about 365 ~ 427), whose name is Ming, changed his name to Qian in his later years. Mr. Wu Liu, nicknamed Mr. Jingjie, is called Mr. Jingjie. Chaisang people in Xunyang (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi).

An outstanding poet, lyricist and essayist from the late Eastern Jin Dynasty to the early Song Dynasty. Known as "the Sect of Hermit Poets" and "the originator of pastoral poetry". He is the first literary master in Jiangxi.

In August of the first year of Yixi (AD 405), Yuan Ming was appointed as an official for the last time and said goodbye to Peng. In November, Cheng Shimei died in Wuchang. Yuan Ming wrote "Gui Xi Ci", unsealed and resigned, and officially began to live in seclusion until the end of his life.

At this time, the understanding is profound, the political attitude enters a clear period, and the thought also enters a mature period. Different from his previous life of farming, he is conscious now: he does this and understands why he does it.

His rural life used to look like a small and medium-sized landlord, but now he has more labor and is closer to the life of ordinary farmers. During this period, he wrote many poems reflecting rural life, such as five "Returning to the Garden" and twelve "Miscellaneous Poems".

In the fourth year of Yixi (AD 408), in mid-June, Yuanming's house caught fire, and the house was completely destroyed and forced to move. In the 11th year of Yixi (AD 4 15), the imperial court recruited him as Zuolang, but Yuan Ming said that he was ill and did not apply.

In the 14th year of Yixi (AD 4 18), Wang Hong was the secretariat of Jiangzhou, and made friends with Yuan Ming about one year or two later. There are anecdotes between them, and wine is given away for nothing.

In the first year of Yuanjia (AD 424), Yan Yanzhi made friends with Yuanming for the first time, and there was an anecdote about Gong Yan paying for wine. In the fourth year of Yuanjia (AD 427), Tan Daoji heard of Yuanming's name, went to visit him and offered Liang meat.

And advised him to be an official, but refused him, and he did not accept the beam meat. In the same year, Yuan Ming died in Xunyang. After his death, his friends privately called it "Beijing Festival" and later called it "Festival".

Tao Yuanming has the largest number of pastoral poems and the highest achievements. This kind of poetry fully shows the poet's noble integrity in keeping his ambition; It fully shows the poet's love for simple rural life, his understanding of labor and his friendly feelings for working people.

It fully shows the poet's pursuit and yearning for the ideal world. As a scholar-bureaucrat, such thoughts, feelings and contents are unprecedented in the history of literature, especially in a society with strict gate system and concept.

Some of Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems also reflect his predicament in his later years, which can help readers indirectly understand the miserable life of the peasant class at that time. Tao Yuanming is the pioneer of pastoral poetry.

His pastoral poetry, with its simple and natural language and lofty artistic conception, opened up a new world for China poetry and directly influenced the pastoral poetry school in Tang Dynasty.

In his pastoral poems, his boredom with dirty reality and his love for quiet pastoral life can be seen everywhere. Because of his actual labor experience, his poems are full of the joy of laborers, showing the thoughts and feelings that only laborers can feel.

The author introduces:

Xiao Tong (May 7th, 501―― 531) was named Texaco and Mowei. Nanlanling (ancestral home in Wujin, Jiangsu) is a native. The eldest son of Liang writers in the Southern Dynasties is the eldest son of Emperor Xiao Gang and Emperor Liang Yuan, and his mother is Ding Guimian (Ding Lingguang).

In November of the first year of Tian Jian (502), Xiao Tong was made a prince, but he died young. He died in Zhongtong for three years before he ascended the throne (53 1). Posthumous title was "Zhaoming" and was buried in Anning Mausoleum, so later people called him "Prince Zhaoming".

In the first year of Tianzheng (55 1), he acceded to the throne as filial piety and honored Xiao Tong as Emperor Zhaoming. In the first year of Dading (555), his son Cha Xiao established Xiliang and honored Xiao Tong as Emperor Zhaoming, with the temple name Gaozong.

Xiao Tong is very compassionate. When he was twelve years old, he went to watch the trial of prisoners. After studying the case file carefully, he said, "This man's fault is excusable. Can I make a judgment? " The criminal officer agreed, so he was lenient.

Afterwards, the criminal officer reported the situation to Liang Wudi Xiao Yan, and Xiao Yan praised him. During Liang Ping's reign, food prices in Beijing rose sharply due to the outbreak of war. Xiao Tong ordered the East Palace staff to tighten their belts. Whenever it rains, snows and it is cold, he sends someone to help the refugees with the saved food and clothes.

When he is in charge of military uniform affairs, he has to make 3 thousand more clothes every year and distribute them to the poor in winter. At that time, the world was very luxurious. Xiao Tong "wanted to take things, serve them simply, wear their clothes and eat them without meat." Xiao Tong prefers scenery to music.

Once boating in the back pool, Panyu Hou Guisheng called it appropriate to play female music. Xiao Tong did not answer, reciting Zuo Siyin's poem: "Not necessarily silk and bamboo, mountains and rivers have a clear sound." When Xiao Tong was young, he was brilliant and well versed in etiquette. His temperament is pure and filial, and his joy is invisible.

At the age of sixteen, his mother was seriously ill. He moved from the East Palace to his mother's residence in Yongfu Province, where he was sick day and night and was naked. After his mother died, he was heartbroken and his diet was ruined.

His father tried to persuade him to eat several times, but he still refused to eat only fruits and vegetables. He used to be a strong man, but after mourning, he became so thin that officials and people were moved to tears.

Working in the fields near Xiaohuangtang Village in Yixi, you can often find some broken bricks. According to folklore, a long time ago, this area was economically developed and had a large population. There are 18 villages in a ravine less than four or five square kilometers.

However, in the Liang Dynasty of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, there was a great drought, crop failure, plague prevalence, many villagers starved to death, and the village declined and depressed.

At this time, Xiao Tong, the Prince of Zhaoming, toured all over the country to build a temple for his father. On this day, he came to Yiwu and heard that the drought in Yixi triggered another plague. In order to save the people in from the mire, he immediately went to Yixi for disaster relief.

From Wudian to Yemao Mountain, he only saw people fleeing from the desert to make a living, and he tried his best to persuade people to return to their hometown to live. When he came to Little huang tang, he saw that nine of the ten rooms were incomplete, and all the villagers were sick and could no longer live a normal life.

He immediately distributed relief food, and then went into the mountains to find herbs himself. He sprained his foot despite the rugged mountain road and thorns everywhere. Through everyone's efforts, they found a medicine to treat the plague.

After returning to the village, he personally took medicine for the villagers. After the villagers took the medicine, the epidemic situation was controlled. Together with the villagers, he built an altar near a round pond in the northwest of the village and prayed for rain in person.

After 7 days and 7 nights, it began to turn cloudy, but the rain didn't come down. Thinking that God might blame him for his insincerity, he asked the villagers if there was a quieter place. The villagers said that the scenery of Fogg Rock was magnificent, quiet and beautiful.

He limped up the hill with his injured foot regardless of his pain. He forgot to enjoy the beautiful scenery along the way and climbed to the top of the rock in one breath. Standing on the top of the mountain, I saw the cliffs around me were steep, and thousands of feet stood on the wall. There is only one artificial stone path leading to the top of the rock, and there is no other road to climb.

At the foot of Bifeng village, you can see beautiful bamboo and trees on the cliff, and the breeze is slow, which makes people relaxed and happy. Xiao Tong couldn't help admiring: "It's really a lonely peak, a Buddhist holy land." So he knelt on the rock and prayed for rain. It finally began to rain, and the drought eased.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Preface to Tao Yuanming's Collection