Choice of human resources development strategy in China [1]

In the era of rapid economic development, human resources are definitely the main force of economic growth. At present, governments all over the world realize that human resources are strategic resources, the most important resources and the main driving force for scientific progress and social and economic development. "It takes ten years to plant trees, but it takes a hundred years to cultivate people", and the simple education view of the ancients contains the thoughts of the importance and long-term nature of human resources development. It can be said that whether a country attaches importance to human resources or not will determine its comprehensive competitiveness in the future. Therefore, only by promoting the development of human resources to a strategic position, formulating a strategic plan suitable for China's national conditions and creating a good atmosphere conducive to the growth of human resources can we compete for the commanding heights of economic development.

However, in the competitive era, realizing the importance of human resources development strategy is only the basis for obtaining national competitive advantage. In addition, the acquisition of competitive advantage also requires a reasonable choice of national human resources development strategy. The United States has adopted the development strategy of cultivating high-quality human resources. By adopting measures such as recruiting talents, flexible employment policy, market-oriented education and training, detailed professional division of labor, and high incentive measures, it has made major breakthroughs again and again, and has been in the leading position in the world in 27 key technical fields, thus ensuring its economic hegemony. However, it is also biased to simply think that the more high-quality human resources, the better, and the larger the proportion, the better. Different economic growth always needs different qualities of human resources to adapt to it, and the choice of human resources development strategy cannot be divorced from the actual economic growth, economic development and productivity level. For example, in the process of economic development in South Korea, there has been a waste phenomenon caused by the high quality of human resources. From 65438 to 0979, about 30% of the graduates of four-year colleges and universities in South Korea were engaged in occupations that did not require university education. The importance of strategic choice of human resources development can be seen from this.

China is a country with the characteristics of dual economic structure, so it is necessary to make a human resources development strategy suitable for China's actual national conditions. Although Beijing and the southeast coastal cities have basically completed industrialization and urbanization, and even some cities still have some post-industrial characteristics, the economic development of the vast rural areas and small and medium-sized cities is still in an underdeveloped state, and the "three rural issues" of agriculture, rural areas and farmers are currently more concerned by the whole country. Therefore, the human resources development strategy based on the current actual situation must be feasible and focus on vocational and technical education.

It is necessary to formulate a human resource development strategy focusing on vocational and technical education in four aspects:

China's national conditions require that the current economic strategy is to vigorously develop rural urban manufacturing.

At present, on the one hand, China should find ways to develop the new economy as soon as possible, but on the other hand, it should vigorously develop the manufacturing industry, which is determined by the national conditions of China today. China has a population of 654.38+300 million, mostly in rural areas. After the implementation of the production contract responsibility system, a large number of surplus labor forces have appeared in rural areas of China. Now and for a long time to come, the rural surplus labor force will increase greatly. China's current agricultural production is basically extensive and primitive, with high intensity and high cost. After joining the WTO, it is impossible to compete with agriculture in western countries. Therefore, China should transfer and develop rural human resources as soon as possible. In fact, China has become the manufacturing center of the world. According to relevant analysis, Chinese mainland's manufacturing industry has surpassed the "Four Little Dragons of Asia" and is the world manufacturing center next to Japan.

If the industrial production mode corresponding to the concept of economic development in the 1960s was large-scale manufacturing by large industrial enterprises, and then the standardized manufactured products were sold to domestic and foreign markets, then the manufacturing process of many consumer goods and mechanical equipment parts was decomposed into several specialized manufacturing tasks by multinational companies, which were dispersed to other low-wage countries for production, thus forming a specialized economic division of labor among countries. If the manufacturing industry is vigorously developed in rural areas or small towns, the manufacturing centers of developed countries will be further transferred to China, and many manufacturing jobs will be transferred from developed countries to China. Accompanied by it, it has brought about a substantial increase in China's investment. This will have three advantages: first, we will be able to use China's abundant human resources to introduce a large amount of foreign investment; Second, increase employment opportunities, solve the current employment pressure of the government, and guide the transfer of urban surplus human resources to rural areas or towns; Third, the development of rural human resources has promoted the development of rural economy. The development of rural economy will inevitably stimulate domestic demand, promote the economic development of China, and truly realize the grand strategy of governing the country in small towns. Otherwise, the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers will be difficult to solve.

The development of high-tech industries in China also needs the support of professional and technical personnel.

The future economy will be high-tech economy and knowledge economy. Give priority to the development of emerging industries such as computers, communication networks, biotechnology, medical care, education and culture, medicine and health, real estate, aerospace and military technology, and occupy a place in the commanding heights of these important high-tech industries. If we are only content to become a manufacturing power, although this can give full play to our advantages in human resources and promote our economic development, we are likely to follow the footsteps of developed countries and become a developing country forever. Therefore, we should have our own inventions, high technology and scientific research to prepare for becoming a big country in science and technology in the future and lay the foundation. After 50 years, we will realize the strategic transformation from a manufacturing country to an inventor country and a powerful country in science and technology.

However, to develop high-tech industries and professional services in cities, it is necessary to vigorously develop vocational and technical education. Because high technology can only be transformed into real productivity through a certain production process, otherwise it can only be the scientific research results of the laboratory. High-tech inventions need high-quality innovative talents; The transformation of high-tech and the mastery of production technology need a large number of professional and technical personnel, and we should vigorously develop vocational and technical education.

Professional and technical talents are the center of talent competition in the world.

As early as the end of last century, the global competition for senior professional and technical talents has been very fierce. In 2000, various industries in the United States created 6.5438+0.6 million information technology jobs, but about half of them could not find suitable talents. In the next seven years, Japan will lack 654.38+0.60-4.45 million high-tech talents, and Europe will lack 600,000 information technology talents next year, including 75,000 in Germany. Germany has launched an emergency vocational training program, hoping to train 250,000 high-tech talents by 2005. However, far water cannot put out a near fire. In order to solve the serious shortage of talents, developed countries take a "short, flat and fast" approach to snatch talents from other countries, especially developing countries.

There is not much room for development in developed countries, and the development potential of enterprises in China is not great, while China has a broad space for development. It will take 20 years for the western part of China to reach the level of the eastern part, which shows how big the market in China is. Foreign companies coming to China will bring capital and technology, but it is impossible to bring many professional and technical talents. It is very expensive for them to bring these talents from the mainland, while the talents from China are cheap and good, which is one of the important reasons why foreign companies value China. There is no doubt that a large number of senior professionals needed by foreign enterprises will come from China, and state-owned enterprises will be the first to be plundered. State-owned enterprises are important gathering places for professional and technical talents with good quality. However, many state-owned enterprises are depressed, poorly paid and facing a severe talent crisis. The weak in state-owned enterprises will bear the brunt. In the competition for talents, those senior professional and technical talents who have made achievements and are in key positions in state-owned enterprises will become the main targets, and their loss will have a serious impact on state-owned enterprises. So can we keep these professional and technical talents out of the state-owned enterprises and not let them go? Obviously, this will not work. There are two reasons: first, the current market is open, and many foreign companies do not want files, and it is impossible to ban them; Second, even if these talents are blocked, foreign companies will not get the professional and technical talents they need, and it will be difficult for them to develop in China.

After China's entry into WTO, the most scarce talents are senior professional and technical talents.

After China joined the World Trade Organization, some people asked what kind of talents are most in short supply at present, which are high-quality talents with bachelor degree or above. Is it a compound talent who is proficient in many disciplines and majors? Are there innovative and developed management talents? Is it a two-way talent who knows both foreign languages and majors? Obviously, these talents are needed by the market, but according to the prediction of experts at home and abroad, after China's accession to the World Trade Organization, the most scarce talents, in addition to high-quality management talents, are senior technicians. Statistics from Shenzhen show that the unemployment rate of undergraduates is 5.4% and that of skilled workers is 0.5%. The monthly income of Shenzhen master graduates is about 5,000 yuan, and that of senior technicians is 6,600 yuan. A foreign company in Qingdao paid a high salary of 1.6 million yuan, but couldn't find a senior mold worker! However, due to the long-term influence of Confucianism in China, the number of students in technical secondary schools and vocational colleges is not only small, but also poor in quality. According to the expert test conducted by the Beijing Municipal Government Supervision Office, only 7% of the students in vocational secondary schools in China have reached the lowest level of nine-year compulsory education. Therefore, if China does not vigorously develop vocational and technical education and speed up the pace of training senior skilled workers, it will certainly affect the investment of western enterprises in China and their development in China, and will also affect the competitiveness of China's industrial products in the world.