The Life of the Characters in Wang Xian's Works

When Qian Liu, King of Wu Yue in the Five Dynasties, Wang Yanchao, the ancestor of Wang Xian, was appointed as the envoy to Vietnam. He moved from Huiji (now Shaoxing) to Yiwu and lived in LAM Raymond Town to avoid chaos. There will be more and more descendants in the future. The village they live in is called Wangcun, which is located in Zhudian Village, Maodian Town, southern Yiwu today. Wang Xian's grandfather once lived in Yiwu county.

Wang Heng's grandfather Wang Yanze had a strong word. He devoted himself to the study of Confucian classics and studied Zhu's Neo-Confucianism. He has served as the Oracle of Dongyang and Changshan and the head of Shixia Academy. Known for his good teaching, scholars respectfully call him "Mr. Nanpai". Wang Heng's father, Wang Liangyu, is simple in character and noble in character, and studies history. It was also the teaching of Wuzhou Taoism and Confucianism, and later it was taught by Changshan. Wang Liangyusheng has three sons: Yu Wang, Wang Heng and Wang Bu, with Wang Heng in the middle. Song Lian said in "Preface to Send a Prince to Fill a Word" that "Xi" is the ancient "kneepad", that is, apron. It was originally made of animal skin, and later it was made of cloth and silk. It was named Xi 'an to preserve the ancient way.

Huang Cheng felt that Wang Qi could not be treated equally with ordinary disciples. In the future, when he meets Wang Qi, he will not pretend to be a teacher, but treat him as a companion. From then on, it was known that Wang Qi was instructed by his teacher to write articles in his name. Whoever wants something from Huang Qi goes directly to Wang Qi. When he gets something written by Wang Qi, he is very happy and thinks it is rare. Wang Yi's literary fame is getting bigger and bigger, just like his classmate Song Lian. In the eighth year of Yuan Shundi (1348), Wang Heng witnessed the decline of national politics and folk customs at that time, worrying about the country and the people. He wrote an article about the world situation, and put forward his own unique views on how to change the court's election of generals, phases, building officials, governing the people, borrowing soil and using troops. The article is voluminous, reaching seven or eight thousand words. Wang Xianbei went to Beijing (now Beijing) and made a speech to the court.

The article submitted by Wang Qi attacked the bad political habits one by one. The treatment methods are listed one by one; Both sharp-edged and sincere. But the dynasty was too straight, so it was jealous of its talents and ignored them. Wang Heng's submission, like a mud cow into the sea, has never been heard of. Because of Wang Xian's talent, more than 20 people, including Su Wei, who was in the National History Museum at that time, recommended Wang Xian to the National History Museum, but to no avail. Many courtiers, such as Zhang Qiyan, recommended them again, and there was no result. At this time, Wang Qi's teacher Huang Cheng lived in Hanlin, which was very famous. But Huang Cheng doesn't want his apprentice to be recommended by himself. As it was not used by the imperial court, Wang Xian made friends with celebrities in Kyoto. People who are familiar with literature among doctors or officials are deeply impressed when they see that Wang Xian is young and talented. Wencheng, a native of Wuyuan, lives a noble life and is proficient in the books of a hundred schools of thought. At that time, he was a history of the Ministry of Rites, over 60 years old and knowledgeable. After reading what Wang Xian wrote, he couldn't help exclaiming. It is rare in today's world to think that Wang died at the gate of the imperial city, and that "shine on you is better than blue". Gong Shitai, a native of Xuancheng, was famous for his poetry and prose at that time, and then served as assistant minister of the official department. He is over half a year old. It's nice to meet Wang Yi and get along with him. He was very close to his past and became an unforgettable friend. They learn from each other. They sometimes choose the classics of ancient and modern scholars to read, and sometimes they will come up with their own new works to evaluate their gains and losses. Lighting candles at night, discussing with each other, sitting side by side in the middle of the night, talking about the past and the present, staying up all night.

Later, as CEO, Huang Cheng was appointed to edit Biography of Empresses. Wang Heng is in the history museum, serving the teachers, discussing writing together during the day and exploring the essence of history with the sofa in his arms at night. Empresses in the Palace is made up and needs to be presented in a table. Huang Cheng still asked Wang Yi to write Biography of Empresses on behalf of the National History Museum.

Biography of Empresses and Concubines is a book. Although it was not named by Wang Yi, it is a great contribution as a cloth, assisting teachers and writing together.

Wang Xian stayed in Kyoto for two years, made a bachelor of arts, visited places of interest, increased his knowledge and became more talented and famous. At that time, the world was at war and there was chaos in the north and south. Wang Heng felt that "what he had learned was not suitable for the world" and decided to go back to his hometown in Yiwu in the south, write a book and make a statement, so his knowledge was handed down from generation to generation. Knowing that Wang Xian was going back to the south, Cheng Wente wrote a poem as a gift:

I heard of Ping Zi at the beginning of my life, but I used to hide in Jin Huashan.

Eating grass and wood will make you immortal after a long time.

Wave to Baishi and the sheep will come to Shanshan.

Up to now, people at the foot of the mountain still want to have a feather.

I am not a thin fairy, and its wind is hard to climb.

Its diameter is ten beads, and its color is like a purple elixir.

Let the moon shine and the haze stay on your face.

Pei Zhi is not old, but he goes to Wan Li Road.

Send a message to Wang Zichong and he will be happy.

On February 16th, the 10th year of Zheng Zhi (1350), Wang Xian and Shaoxing Han Yu left Dadu. "Friends are fortunate to know each other, but the road of ancestors is gentle." . Scholars and celebrities in Beijing, reluctant to part, have come to bid farewell. After traveling in Kyoto for two years, Wang and Han returned to their hometown in eastern Zhejiang hand in hand. After Wang Xian returned to Yiwu, he studied at home. In the 15th year of Zheng Zheng (1355), the military affairs started at the end of Yuan Dynasty, and in order to avoid the war, it moved to Qingyanfu, south of the county seat.

Qingyanfu is the hometown of Wang Qi's grandmother and mother-in-law, located in the west of Qingyan, where Fu lived, hence its name. Qingyan Mountain comes from Yan Liangfeng in Dongyang. After reaching Qingyan, the mountain range is divided into two branches, the south branch is overlapping, and the north branch is steep and steep, both of which extend westward. At the two branches, there is a mountain peak coming out of there, called Qishan. The terrain here is two mountains, north and south, surrounded by mountains. The left side is as high as a tiger, the right side is as low as a tiger, and Qishan sits in the middle. The south of Qishan is flat and about a mile wide. There are two streams in the flat land. The source of the stream comes from the boundary between the north and south mountains. When it leaves Qishan, it becomes one. Jianshui flows west, about two or three miles, and flows into Xintang, where the two mountains meet. Outside the pond, there is another hill, such as a torrent that blocks the water flow. Wang likes the clear streams, arched mountains, lush vegetation and fresh air here. So he built three houses next to Fu's residence at the foot of Qingyan Mountain. A small house was built on the right, which became a place to collect books, read books and write books. Wang Qi once wrote the article "Green Rock Mountain Residence" and assigned a poem "Green Rock Mountain", which said:

In the secluded green rocks, build houses and fill the sea.

Surrounded by mountains, Shuangxi sings.

Reluctantly keep silent and block Artemisia together.

Lin Quan won by luck, and I lived in the dark for the time being.

Wang Xian's ancestors have been handed down from Taoism (Neo-Confucianism) since the Prince Valley of the 12th Sejong. When I arrived at my grandfather Wang Yanze, I got Zhu's Taoist biography. After Song and Zhu crossed the south, they entered Jinhua and were all for everyone. Zhu spread to Min County and Yiwu, and Huang Gan spread to Xu Qian in Dongyang. Xu Qiao spread Ye Yougeng in this county, Ye Yougeng spread Wang Yanze's grandfather, and Huang Yang spread Song Lian and Wang Xian. Since Xu Qiao and Heji, Zhuzi's Taoism has been spread by people in Wuzhou (now Jinhua, Zhejiang), known as the "Zhu Xue World". Zhu is a great master, so it is natural to inherit his knowledge. But Wuzhou people, his scholar has never been successful, and Zhu and Lu were equal in those days. As a descendant of the country, Wang Heng was deeply uneasy and ashamed of the sages, so when he lived in Qingyan, he continued his legacy.

Writing memorabilia began in the thirty-ninth year of Zhou (48 1 BC) and ended in the third year of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty (90 BC). Lv Zuqian had intended to stop there in the Five Dynasties, but he stopped writing because of illness. Wang Heng inherited Lv Zuqian's last wish, from the fourth year of Han Dynasty (89 BC) to the second year of Song Deyou (1276), and completed the supplement of memorabilia 100.

Wang Heng lived in Qingyan, studied hundreds of classics and took a lot of notes. Later, it deleted its triviality and preserved its essence, and became a book called Lu Cong. This book discusses the inheritance of Yi, Shu, history, Li, Chunqiu and Yue and the origin of a hundred schools of thought contending. The content is detailed and concise, praised by scholars.

In the eighteenth year of Zheng Zheng (1358), the war approached Wuzhou. Although Wang Yin lives in Qingyan Mountain and is in the countryside, it is not far from the county seat. So I temporarily moved to my hometown of LAM Raymond to live with my people. Wang Heng is in LAM Raymond, reading and writing, and continues. Write a book "Yan Yan", the book is full of quotations, each paragraph is as short as three or four crosses, as long as one or two hundred words, and a few words, but it is all about governing the country and helping the world. Well said, there is something in it, and there is a reason for it. For example, there is a paragraph that says: "The times are ahead and the times are behind. I'm in the middle, and I can hear it for a hundred years. How can we carry forward the past and the future through the ages? Another day: from immortals to ears. What about the immortal way? Day: virtue, followed by merit, followed by words. " A hundred years of life has passed in an instant. If you want to be immortal, you must have morality, merit and stand up. Wang Heng's body stands upright. In his 52 years of life, he has made a great contribution and made a merit, which will always be engraved in every place. In the 18th year of Yuan Shundi Zheng Zhi (1359), on December 18th, Zhu Yuanzhang led an army to Wuzhou (now Jinhua) at the gates.

Before Zhu Yuanzhang came to the State of Wu, he had heard of the name. Soon after he arrived in Wu, he sent messengers to Yiwu to recruit soldiers. Wang Xian went to Wucheng with the messenger to see Zhu Yuanzhang. Zhu Yuanzhang was overjoyed and planned to appoint him by order of Jinhua County. At that time, when ministers learned of Zhu Yuanzhang's intentions, they all thought that it was too much for Wang Qi to be a county magistrate. With his talents, he should stay in the province, let him give full play to his talents and benefit national affairs. Zhu Yuanzhang felt that it was reasonable, so he awarded Wang Qi as the provincial official of Chinese books, and said, "Now we have arranged in the provincial screen to reserve talents, documents and books, so there is no need for division of labor. After returning to Beijing, there is another important task. " Therefore, it is left and right, and it is very important to discuss Shang Lue's maintenance. Wang Heng was born in a scholarly family. When he traveled to Yan Dou in the north, he was already famous. Living in seclusion in Qingyan, reading and writing, enriching day by day. Therefore, Zhu Yuanzhang was very happy and called Wang Yi by his son instead of his own name. And asked the king to write a four-character poem for the prince.

When Zhu Yuanzhang left Wuzhou, he would respond to Tianfu (now Nanjing), and he hoped that Wang Qi would accompany him. However, Wang Xian needs support, because his parents are 60 years old, so please don't stay. At that time, Hu Dahai attended Jinhua, a political center in the south of the Yangtze River, and admired Wang Xian's talent. Because he is a local, he knows the local customs and is familiar with local stories. So I asked Zhu Yuanzhang to keep Wang Qi with me and got Zhu Yuanzhang's permission. Under Hu Dahai, Wang Xian and Wang You stand out from the crowd and are outstanding, and they hit it off very well with Hu Dahai. Hu Dahai also relied heavily on the two kings, and all major decisions were subject to them.

In the winter of the 21st year of Zheng Zheng (136 1), Zhu Yuanzhang led an army to conquer Jiangxi, and Hu Dahai appointed Wang Xian to report to Zhu Yuanzhang. After Jiangxi was pacified, Wang Qi wrote an article "Ode to Pingjiang". Zhu Yuanzhang was overjoyed and said, "I know that there are two Confucian scholars in eastern Zhejiang, Qing and Song Lian. They are knowledgeable and Qing is not as good as Qing; Talent heroes are not as good as Qing. "

When Wang Xiang returned to Wu, both Hu Dahai and Wang Kai were killed in the Miao uprising. After Hu Dahai was killed, Li Wenzhong took over the town of East Zhejiang. Also famous for his talent, he built a museum, hired Wang and treated him as a guest. If there is any problem, you must listen to Wang Xian's opinion in advance.

In the 22nd year of Zheng Zheng (1362), in December, Zhu Yuanzhang called Wang Qi into Yingtianfu, and in February the following year, he was awarded the prefect of Jiangnan Confucianism. On the fifth day of May in the 24th year of Zheng Zheng (1364), Wang Xian's father Wang Liangyu died at his home in Yiwu. According to the etiquette system at that time, the son had to stay at home for a year. But Zhu Yuanzhang just called the king of Wu. He didn't want the king to go far to Yiwu, so he insisted on staying in Feng. Although Wang Heng was heartbroken, it was hard for him to disobey Zhu Yuanzhang's orders and endure his grief. He copied Qu Yuan's Li Sao and wrote Wine to punish himself.

In May of the 25th year of Zheng Zheng (1365), Wang Xian was appointed as assistant minister and ambassador. At that time, it was the beginning of Zhu Yuanzhang's founding, and the establishment of rites and music was mostly completed by Wang Qi. At the end of this year, I was awarded the position of Juzhu. Zhu Zhu's job is to record the emperor's daily words and deeds, and he belongs to the trusted minister around the emperor. In July of the 26th year of Zheng Zheng (1366), Jiangxi was pacified, and Wang Xiansheng was a tongzhi of Nankang Prefecture. Nankang Prefecture is located between Nanchang Prefecture and Jiujiang Prefecture, which governs Xing Zi County, Xing Zi, Duchang, Anyi and Jianchang. In the Song Dynasty, it was the Nankang Army, and famous Neo-Confucians Zhou Dunyi and Zhu served as the direct army here. There are Lushan Mountain and Poyang Lake in the territory, and Bailudong Academy, where Zhu gives lectures, is famous all over the country. It can be called a beautiful landscape and a cultural resort. However, due to the disadvantages of the late Yuan Dynasty and years of military affairs, it was devastated. "Shock beast, rubble sad insect songs. Taoist temple has an ancient name, and the court covers the wilderness. " Wang Xi ruled the people with benevolence, served people with virtue, and the people obeyed, with few lawsuits. So he built a mansion, started a school, rebuilt the "six old" hall and the "two sages" temple, and revived the evil accumulated for decades. Zhu Yuanzhang specially awarded Wang Xian a gold belt in recognition.

Liulaotang, located in the west courtyard of the government department. When Zhu was appointed as an army, it was named the Military Attaché Hall. Zhao Shixia, in Jiading period, took the five elders of the Five Old Peaks in Lushan Mountain and added her own elders, and changed her name to Liu Laotang, in order to make herself as famous as the Five Old Peaks forever. I hate self-proclaimed people, so when Liu Laotang was rebuilt, Zhao was removed from the list. The "six elders" of Liulaotang match Zhu Wengong and Zhu Xi match Wulaofeng. Zhu is a giant in the history of China and the most famous official in Nankang. His name is equivalent to reality, and he is very popular.

Jianchang knew at first that his grade was higher than that of the magistrate and higher than that of the general judge, but he was arrogant and rude, and the magistrate refused to come after repeated calls. When Wang Xian came to power, he wiped out everything he had lost and claimed that he would deal with these problems. Jianchang learned the news and dared not neglect it. He rushed to the government office and kowtowed to Wang Qi. Wang Xian said to him, "I'm Zuo Fu. You should apologize to the magistrate." Zhou Zhi ran to the magistrate, who said, "This was decided by Tongzhi's adult. You still have to apologize to him." Wang Xian and the magistrate treated each other with courtesy, while the magistrate ran around. Finally, Wang Xian smiled and said to everyone, "Where was your original pride?" You know, being an official should be reasonable and polite, which is the minimum. As long as you can really turn over a new leaf, I won't pursue you this time. "Know a state, dare not take it, thanks.

In the twenty-seventh year of Zheng Zheng (1367), in June, Zhu Yuanzhang was ready to officially proclaim himself emperor. Changing dynasties requires a whole set of etiquette, which Wang Yi is proficient in. Therefore, Zhu Yuanzhang recalled Wang Qi from Nankang to Yingtianfu, and participated in the formulation of related enthronement etiquette system. But this time, I don't know what advice Wang Qi put forward, which annoyed Zhu Yuanzhang who was about to become king. In the first year of Hongwu (1368), Zhu Yuanzhang ascended the throne in Yingtianfu and became the founding emperor of Daming. Wang Xian was demoted as the secretariat of Zhangzhou.

After Wang Xian arrived in Zhangzhou, he ruled Zhangzhou with the method of governing Nankang. This place is located in the southeast of Fujian, "the southern county of Zhangzhou, Fujian township, where it is poor", but the poor are poor, and the customs still contend for luxury and ostentation. "Drums are played in the cup, and the front edge is renewed in the lamp", "On the Lantern Festival, thousands of fans shook the wind". Every season, as usual, the local natives give gifts to officials, and the gifts are rich. Wang Xian took the lead and refused. Embroidery was produced in Zhangzhou, but Wang Xian came to Sufu, where embroidery was not luxurious. Under his influence, local customs have also changed.

In Zhangzhou, Wang Heng, who was demoted to the left, wrote Zhu Yuanzhang an article "Pray for Longevity", suggesting that "everyone should be thin and rich" and "hide the wealth for the people". Wang Xian said in his recitation that since ancient times, emperors have set the world and made great achievements, which lies in Emperor Xiu De. For Xiu De, the most important thing is to be "loyal, kind and tolerant", instead of criticizing the people, we should give them time to recuperate. "People attach importance to the unity of the people, and they will share their unity with the people. The ancients hid wealth from the people and said that there was a festival, so people's livelihood was well deserved. " Now, "the western part of Zhejiang is flat and the tax is wide, so the tax should be reduced, which is still negotiable." Therefore, I hope that your majesty will conform to the people's hearts. " Zhu Yuanzhang was founded and ascended the throne, and others sang and praised him. Although the only king said that he would pray for eternal life, there are no boundaries in the world, but between the lines, he shows concern for the people everywhere, and the feelings of boxing are beyond words.

In February of the following year, Wang Weifeng returned to Beijing as President of Yuan. The people of Zhangzhou are reluctant to go, and the road is blocked. Wang Xian thanked me again and again, but the people who saw me off still followed. Wang Heng had no choice but to say loudly to the people who saw him off: "Those who make further progress are not my people." At this time, the person who saw me off said, "Anyone who used to be an official here and managed well must be asked to leave one or two clothes, write down his official title and name and put them in the yamen to show his love." Adults have just been an official here for a year, leaving scars of years here-a lot of good governance, so I dare to leave something. " Wang Qi said, "I am very grateful to the elders in Zhangzhou for their kindness to me. The good or bad of being an official is in the hearts of the people. I don't want to do it. " In the first year of Hongwu (1368), the Ming army conquered Dadu, changed to Beiping County, and declared the Yuan Dynasty extinct. After Xu Da, the general, occupied Dadu, he got Yuan Shisan's Records of the Teachers, all of which were delivered to Nanjing. Zhu Yuanzhang ordered the compilation of Yuan History.

In February of the second year of Hongwu (1369), the Yuan History Museum was established in Tianjie Temple. Li Shanchang, the prime minister of Zhongshu, was appointed as the supervisor, Song Lian and Wang Heng were appointed, and Wang Kekuan and Hu Han were 16 people, so the compilation was officially started.

Li Shanchang is the chief executive and head of government, compiling the history of a generation. However, he led by convention, but in name only. Song Lian and Wang Xian are both presidents, which is a perfect match. They are all fellow villagers and students of Liu Guan and Huang Cheng. As early as eight years ago, Zhu Yuanzhang praised them as "two Confucianism in eastern Zhejiang". Now, two old friends, one in his early sixties and the other in his eighties, have been entrusted with the important task of compiling a generation of official history, which is a much-told story in the ruling and opposition circles for a while.

The Museum of Yuan History, presided over by Song Lian and Wang Gan, is based on historical documents such as Records of Thirteen Dynasties and Grand Ceremony. From the first day of February to the 11th of August, this book has been compiled in 159 volumes except Shun Di's Record, Record, Table and Biography. As the post of historian was abolished in Yuan Shundi, there is no record to prove it. Therefore, there is no historical data of Shun Di's 36-year reign, and the compilation of Yuan Shi cannot continue. To this end, Zhu Yuanzhang also ordered Confucianism, Ouyang You, etc. 12 people to go to Peiping and other places to collect the remains of children, Zhiyuan and Nian, so as to continue the Yuan History Bureau.

After Ouyang You and others assembled and returned to the DPRK, on the sixth day of February in the third year of Hongwu (1370), the Yuan History Bureau was reopened, and Song Lian was still the president. He also ordered Zhao Biao, You Zhu, etc. 14 to compile, among which 13 were recruits except Zhao Biao who had participated for the first time. This compilation ended on the first day of July, and it continued to 53 volumes of records, records, tables and biographies. Then the first two parts are combined and divided into 47 volumes, 58 volumes, 8 volumes and 97 volumes, which make up 265,438+00 volumes of Yuan History.

In the compilation history of China's official history, the shortest time from the beginning of compilation to the end of the last dynasty is Yuan history, which is only about half a year. The fastest way to write a book is Yuan Shi, and it only takes 33 1 day to add it twice. The style of the History of Yuan Dynasty is neat, with the original copy imitating Han Shu and Hou Han Shu, the ambition imitating Song Shi, and the table imitating Liao Shi and Jin Shi. Biography is based on the history of past dynasties. The text of this book is easy to understand. The compilation of the History of the Yuan Dynasty is faithfully based on the History of the Yuan Dynasty, and a large number of original historical materials have been preserved. For example, most of the chronicles of the Thirteen Dynasties, the imperial ceremonies and the unification of the Yuan Dynasty have been lost today, but the history of the Yuan Dynasty has preserved a lot of contents and is precious.

In the third year of Hongwu (1370), in March, Wang Heng was appointed by Big Ben Bell Hall to teach the Prince. During this period, Wang Qi not only devoted himself to compiling Yuan history, but also took measures to draft imperial edicts. He will also devote himself to teaching the prince. He has three jobs and will spare no effort. It goes without saying that Wang Qi shoulders the heavy responsibility of compiling Yuan history. When drafting the imperial edict, Wang Yi was outstanding in literary talent and spared no effort. The imperial edicts at that time, such as imperial edict, imperial imperial imperial examination imperial edict, tax exemption imperial edict, imperial edict to recruit Timur in Chongqing, imperial edict to Chinese and foreign officials, were mostly written by Wang Qi. The publication of these imperial edicts had a great influence on the politics, military affairs, economy, culture and education of the society at that time, and Wang Xian's words were further valued by people. Teaching the prince to learn, Wang Heng is knowledgeable and open-minded. The strict teaching method benefited the vassals a lot. Zhu Yuanzhang knew that Wang Xian was knowledgeable and hardworking, so he gave Wang Xian a drink and sometimes benefited.

Wang Xian is a writer. His writing is fluent and expressive. He has long been famous. At this time, the identity is different, not only for the official president, but also for the imperial edict. People are coming to ask for help, but Wang Yi refuses to let people easily. If you want an epitaph, you don't know what people do, and Wang Yi will never flatter you. At that time, a prime minister asked for an inscription on the tomb for his relatives. After learning that there was nothing to write about his deeds, Wang Heng resolutely refused.

Wang Xian acted uprightly in the imperial court. Making friends with people also shows the honest and frank spirit of Yiwu people everywhere. I don't want to bow my head when I meet a powerful person; Meet bosom friends, congenial. Therefore, Wang Shang has many friends, and at the same time, many people are jealous, either of his talent or of his frankness. At this time, the court needs to send someone to vomit (now Tibet). Those who were in power in North Korea and were dissatisfied with the king took the opportunity to enter the DPRK and sent them westward.

The sequel to Yuan Shi was just completed on the first day of July in the third year of Hongwu (1370), when Wang Xian received the task of entering Tibet.

On the day he left Nanjing, he wrote a poem "Geng Xu left Nanjing on July 15th", which was taken a big step by the special envoy Tubo. It wrote: "When the party is exhausted, it will be severely punished. The responsibility of moving to the left is light, and the journey to the west is quite far. If you are in trouble or innocent, you can't tell. " I believe that time will tell. "It's not too late to call." I look forward to returning to Beijing, making further progress, stretching my ambitions and being confident that it will not be too late.

In the early spring of the fourth year of Hongwu (137), Wang Xian had passed Lanzhou and suddenly got back to the imperial edict. I was in a hurry when I first came, so I couldn't stay long. Now that I'm back, I'm relieved, so I'll easily visit famous mountains and rivers.

Wang Xian visited the ancient times all the way home from the East. Leap on March 25th, and return to Qishan. The next day, I went to Zhougong Temple, which is 15 miles northwest of the county seat. On April 4th, I went to Xingping, visited the mausoleum of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, and Wei Qing and Huo went to the tomb of the sick man. I "fondled the ups and downs and sighed the fate of a year", and I felt a lot after the visit. After Xingping, I will go to Chang 'an. Since the Western Zhou Dynasty, Chang 'an has built its capital here for generations and is the oldest capital of China. During his stay in Chang 'an, Wang Heng wrote 65,438+00 Chang 'an miscellaneous poems. Looking back at history, the world may rise or fall, and people may be poor or rich. He lamented the ruins of Chang 'an City and its surroundings.

A thousand years of thinking is long, and so is a journey of a thousand miles. Dong, Dong and Wang Xian finally returned to Nanking, but a new dispatch was waiting for him. In the fourth year of Hongwu (137 1), Zhu Yuanzhang accepted Ming Sheng's surrender, wiped out Daxia, pacified Sichuan and the area now belonging to Zunyi, Guizhou, and then planned how to solve the Yunnan problem.

Yunnan is remote, the road is dangerous and it is difficult to join the army. Therefore, Zhu Yuanzhang intends to send messengers to surrender. At that time, Peiping just captured Liang Wang and escorted Su Cheng, the envoy of Zara Valmy, to Nanking. Zhu Yuanzhang decided to send a special envoy, led by Su Cheng, to Zhaofu, Yunnan.

On the fifth day of the first month in the fifth year of Hongwu (1372), Zhu Yuanzhang sent a letter to Yunnan through Wang Xian, then in imperial academy. Due to the historical and geographical reasons in Yunnan, this trip is full of luck. Therefore, after the imperial edict was promulgated, most court ministers were worried about Wang Qi, but Wang Qi set off without hesitation.

Wang Xian set out from Kyoto and Nanjing at the beginning of the year and arrived in Kunming, Yunnan Province in June after a long journey of more than five months.

Wang Xian laughed and said to Liang Wang, "At the beginning, Chen Youliang occupied Jinghu Lake, Zhang Shicheng occupied Wu Hui, and Chen Youding occupied Min Guan. Ming Yu Zhen occupied Bashu. They either think that there are mountains or that the Yangtze River has natural barriers, which seems impregnable. Moreover, Mazhuang soldiers are stronger than Ma Zhuang, with plenty of food and grass, and the war situation is like a cloud, and the counselors are full of courts. Why can't you dominate the world and be as long as heaven and earth, but in less than four or five years, you all died by the sword. Your monarch fled to the north and died in the desert. And your general forces have expanded Timur's men, and they have all fled and fled. " At this point, the whole court was silent, and people held up screens and listened. Wang Xian continued: "The past is vivid and instructive. You can compare it yourself. You can't compare yourself with Chen and Zhang. Soldiers can't compare with the Central Plains, morality and righteousness can't compare with China, and life and death can't go against destiny. Such a plan is all wet. " Speaking of which, Nuo Nuo listened in his seat and nodded. Wang Xian took advantage of the situation and said loudly, "There is only wisdom, morality and the only way." Otherwise, the emperor will send a general to lead millions of heavenly soldiers to fight in Kunming Pool, and you will be with the fish in the pot, and you will surely bring about your own destruction. "Liang Wang and his vassals listened to the words, looked at each other, all amazed, moved in the heart, and had the meaning of the Ming Dynasty.

However, Zaravarsay is a direct descendant of Kublai Khan after all. In those days, Kublai Khan regarded the Song Dynasty as his own world from north to south. Although times have changed and the scenery is no longer there, it is unwilling to give Yunnan away. At the same time, I think what Wang Xian said is well-founded, forceful, true and inevitable. But it is related to the change of the national system, so it is not good to promise. It is difficult to decide whether to fall or defend. So King Liang set up a pavilion to settle the king and treat him with courtesy.

Wang Heng knew that this matter was of great importance, so he could only persuade him repeatedly and wait patiently for Liang Wang's thought to change completely. At the same time, Wang Xian tried his best to work for the governors of Liang Wang. At that time, Situ Dali Ma, Yu Jinlu, and others who participated in politics were deeply admired for their lofty morality and profound knowledge, and they lost no time to explain to them the great significance of reunifying the country.

In July of the 28th year of Zheng Zhi (1368), Yuan Shundi escaped from Dadu in Tuohuan timur and died in Yingchang. His son succeeded to the throne. After being captured by the Ming army, Yingchang went to the forest (in present-day Mongolia) to survive, but still called himself "imperial court", which was called "Beiyuan" in history. "Beiyuan" is located in a corner of the desert, and only distant Yunnan can be called a relatively rich area. So I sent a special envoy to collect food, and at the same time I overreached myself. He planned to join forces with Yunnan to resist the attack of the Ming army.

Damon Liang knew that he had to block the news that Wang Kang, the envoy of the Ming Dynasty, was in Kunming, or he would be in a dilemma. So, his residence was moved from the temple to Yangjiazhong. As the saying goes, there is no windtight wall. After a while, I learned that Wang Xian was in Kunming, and Wang Liang had a new idea about Zara Varmi. Tuotuo severely criticized Liang Wang and asked him to kill Liang Wang in order to break his retreat and promote his loyalty to the "North Yuan". Liang Wang was inspired by a clear intention, and at the same time admired the elegant style, unwilling to harm. Tuotuo was furious with Zara Valmy: "As a court minister, you are also a direct descendant of the ancestor Kublai Khan. In today's national disaster, you have to surrender to the enemy, but you will be ashamed to see your ancestors in the future! " Said, and left, want to prance away. Frightened by Tuotuo, Zara Valmy had to invite the king to see Tuotuo.

Desperate delusion threatened with death, forcing Wang Qi to yield and surrender to the "North Yuan". Wang Heng was eloquent and impassioned, cursing loudly: "Yuan perishes and Ming prospers, so is God's will and so is people's will. There is nothing like the embers of the torch. How can you win glory with me? " I'm an emissary of China, and I'm here on the orders of Emperor Daming. How can I be wronged because of your remnants? I only have to die, what's to be afraid of! "

Tuotuo became angry from embarrassment, but he was speechless, so he had to find a way to become poor. Stuart Lima and others admire Wang Yi's elegance and heroic spirit, and Wang Yi's indomitable spirit. They advised him from the side: "It is natural for the two countries to send envoys to each other since ancient times. If they don't obey, you can give them gifts, not to mention the prince's literary talent. How could they harm today's westward journey? " But in order to get rid of the big troubles in my heart, I have decided to kill people at this time, gnashing my teeth: "At this moment, even Confucius and Mencius should not be killed." Liang Wang was afraid to take off and didn't dare to resist. Wang Hao was defeated successfully and sighed with regret: "I am sorry for my death, but Yunnan has been troubled since then!" In the sixth year of Hongwu (137), on December 24th, Wang Xian made a generous sacrifice for the great cause of national reunification, at the age of 52.

Knowing the news that Wang Xian was killed, all the men and women in Kunming secretly cried sadly. Although Stuart Dali was different from the government, he was impressed by his talent and moral integrity and personally wrote the paper. Later, he ordered Wang Qi's coffin to be cremated in Zeyuan, the north building of Dizang Temple, and presented a generous gift. Because Yunnan is located in the remote southwest, the traffic is blocked and there is no news. Therefore, the court did not know the news of Wang Xian's murder.

The imperial court saw Wang Xian's mission and never returned for a long time. In the second year after Zhu Yuanzhang was killed, he sent his son, Shun Wang, who had surrendered to the avant-garde of the Ming Dynasty, to call his uncle to Yunnan to persuade Liang Wang to surrender to Zara Valmy. After my uncle arrived in Kunming, he did not surrender to Liang Gong, but turned to Liang Wang.

Zhu Yuanzhang saw that there was still no movement in Yunnan. In the third year of the king's murder, Wu Yun, a native of Yixing, was sent to Yunnan, and more than 20 people, including Tie Zhiyuan, who was sent by Liang Wang to Helin and captured by the Ming army, were released to accompany Wu Yun. However, as soon as Wu Yun entered Yunnan, he was hurt by Tie Zhiyuan and others.

After Duke Liang killed Wang Xian and Wu Yun, his relationship with the Ming Dynasty was already water under the bridge, so he could only stick to a corner and steal safety.

Yunnan refused to obey the repeated orders of the Ming Dynasty. In the 14th year of Hongwu (138), in September, eight years after Wang Qi's martyrdom, Zhu Yuanzhang issued a letter to crusade against Yunnan. Liang in Yunnan suffered a crushing defeat and took Zarawal out of Kunming City to commit suicide. The Ming Dynasty finally pacified Yunnan, unified the whole country and realized Wang Xian's last wish.

In the 25th year of Hongwu (1392), Wang Shen, the son of Wang Xianzhi, learned that Chunzhu, the king of Shu, had been offered, and was recruited as a teacher in Chengdu, Sichuan. When he got the news that his father was killed in Yunnan, Wang Shen was only 14 years old, and he sprouted the desire to find his father's remains and return to his hometown. But because of the long distance, I can't make it, and I have never been able to give up my old dream. At this time, when I arrived in Chengdu, this desire became stronger and stronger. In November of the 28th year of Hongwu (1395), Shu Xian was deeply moved by Wang Xian's righteous and indomitable spirit, and made a special trip to Sichuan to help Wang Shen go to the embassy.

On the first day of December that year, Wang Shen set out from Chengdu. After a long journey of nearly three months, I finally arrived in Kunming on February 23rd of the following year (1396). At this time, it has been 23 years since Wang Xian was killed.

After Wang Shen arrived in Yunnan, he first called on local officials such as Hou Muchun of Xiping and Zhang Ji of Yunnan Foreign Ministry, and received great assistance from local civil and military ministers and gentlemen. In Kunming, I met with the painter He, who was over 70 years old, Jia Kuan, the former disciple of Lin 'an Confucian scholar Situ Dali Ma, and Jin Gangbao, Su Nu and other insiders, and learned more about the process of guarding Yunnan, appealing and being murdered. On February 25th, Wang Shen paid a memorial service for two days in Zeyuan, the north building of Dizang Temple, and spent the night in Dizang Temple to accompany his late father Ying Ling.

As for his body, according to He and Jia Kuan, Dali Ma sent people to bury him next to the Dizang King Temple. It has been 23 years since Wang Shen came to Yunnan, during which the regime in Yunnan changed, and the land is not what it used to be. According to Li Xuan, a native of Yiliang, Wang Xian's tomb is about a hundred paces away from the East Gate where Wu Er was hiding. But when Wang Shen went there, he found there were many graves, and hundreds of graves were dug up. He didn't know where they were.

Wang Shen was in Kunming, paying tribute to my father's body, beating his chest and feet, and crying loudly. I left Kunming on March 22nd and returned to my hometown of Yiwu.