Do you know why there were so many Fujian officials in the Song Dynasty?

The Millennium fairy, the ancient road is long. Endless people and things, endless poems. It is a cultural heritage and a witness of history. It comes from the deep mountains of South Vietnam, with countless human troubles as bright as the Milky Way.

It is a natural barrier isolated from the world, isolated from the wars and disputes in the Central Plains, and left a pure land of Taoyuan. It is the political and economic hub of southeast China, connecting the Silk Road on land and the Silk Road on the sea and gaining countless wealth. It is a poem and a distant place in the hearts of literati, who are enjoying the sweat of youth and the prospect of dreams on this road.

First, unique natural conditions.

1, superior geographical location

If we say that the four basic conditions for establishing a school are: sufficient funds, qualified teachers, excellent places and reasonable systems. Fujian Province was a natural large-scale academy in Song Dynasty.

Xianxia Ancient Road was not originally called Xianxia Ancient Road, but was originally called Jiangpu Post Road. It starts from Zhejiang and Jiangshan in the north and reaches Pucheng in Fujian in the south, with a total length of120.5km recorded in historical data. During the Han Dynasty, Huang Chao Uprising Army entered Fujian along Puyi Road, and since then Jiangpu Post Road has become a new military fortress. The ancient Xianxia Road is surrounded by mountains, and there is a primitive Xianxia Pass in the north. Later, three gates were set up on the ancient Xianxia Road, with Xianxia Pass as the first pass. Xianxia Ancient Road Xiongguan? .

Li Bai describes Shu Dao? A thousand waterfalls poured out, sending out the thunder of rotating stones among ten thousand valleys? Steep; So Xianxia Ancient Road is it? A thousand difficult birds, wanling wants to hide the sky? Majestic. Fujian Province is located in South Vietnam, far from the Central Plains, and Xianxiaguan was a pass at that time. One person guards it, and ten thousand people can't force it? Yu Dafu wrote in his book The Legend of Xian Xia:? It depends on the twists and turns of the scenery, the rugged road and the struggle of life destiny. If you want to taste the strange taste of death, you must follow the ancient Xianxia Road. ?

Superior geographical conditions have formed a trend of being easy to defend but difficult to attack, such as the isolation of fairyland and Taoyuan. It has created a good learning environment, and students are not attracted by the bustling world outside, nor will they be affected by war disputes. The customs of the water towns in the south of the Yangtze River always breed elegant and detached students.

Song Taizu

2. Political system in Song Dynasty.

Chen Qiao mutiny, Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin yellow robe and a glass of wine to release soldiers. After the establishment of the Song Dynasty, Song Taizu changed his position because of his own experience? Wu? To be strong? Words? , established? Prospering literature and suppressing martial arts? National policy. To this end, the rulers in the early Northern Song Dynasty tried their best to weaken the military power from the generals, reuse the literati, and set up the imperial examination system to select talents. The prosperity of culture in Song Dynasty is inseparable from the policy and support of those in power.

The educational system in Song Dynasty basically followed the system in Tang Dynasty, and on this basis, a more important and distinctive feature was derived. College? . Academy is an educational institution with traditional cultural characteristics in the history of China. According to statistics, there were 173 academies in Song Dynasty, including the famous Yuelu Academy and Yingtian Academy.

There are 26 academies in Fuzhou alone, which one can enjoy? College city? The reputation of. Counting the number of academies in Fujian Province, there were as many as 102 academies in the Song Dynasty. It basically occupied two-thirds of the teachers in the country at that time, worthy of the name? Provincial Academy of Fine Arts? Create a veritable? The province of top student? .

Yuelu academy

3. War-torn Southern Song Dynasty.

Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, the northern part of China has been in a state of chaos, and the forces of ethnic minorities often invade the border land in the south. The capitals of most dynasties were located in the Central Plains, which was also the front line to resist aggression. In this case, even the most basic life of the people can not be guaranteed. Joining the army is an inevitable trend.

Especially in the Song Dynasty, there were Liao and Jin Dynasties in the north and Xixia in the west. From the Northern Song Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty, from the entry of the nomads into the customs to the destruction of the Song Dynasty by Meng Yuan. For 300 years, there were endless disputes and wars. The border areas of the Central Plains are almost in chaos, coupled with the suppression of martial arts and the decline of military strength. After Jin Jun invaded Kaifeng, it led to a great strategic shift, a large number of people moved south, and also caused population gathering in the coastal areas of the south of the Yangtze River.

In this case, the coastal areas far away from the central plains are in a state of peace, and people live and work in peace and contentment, learning to write, and are very uncomfortable. Coupled with Fujian's superior closed geographical location and population migration, the number of talents has increased in a targeted manner. It also added a touch of bright color to Fujian at that time.

4. The economic center of gravity shifts to the south.

During the Song Dynasty, the control of maritime trade was relaxed, and the Maritime Silk Road flourished. Many foreign trade companies and workshops were established in southern Fujian, especially in Quanzhou Port. Crossroads of the world? . The most important road connecting the Central Plains and overseas trade is the Xianxia Ancient Road. Therefore, Xianxia Ancient Road has another name. Southeast key? . As the gateway of the country's export, Xianxia Ancient Road has also gained great wealth from it.

Coupled with the great shift of political strategy and population migration, the economic center of gravity moves south, and economic development will undoubtedly drive the progress of the education industry. Suzhou-Hangzhou area in the south of the Yangtze River has been a famous fertile soil and granary in China since the Tang and Song Dynasties. When Su Hu matures, will the world be enough? Say it. With people's material security and comfortable life, education will naturally go further. Until today, the economic center of gravity is still in the south, and it is an indisputable fact that the education level far exceeds that of the south. Under the influence of these factors, Jiangnan area is not only rich, but also full of cultural atmosphere.

Quanzhou Port

Second,? Top student province? The development history of

1, directional talent input

According to rough statistics, there were 30,000 scholars in Song Dynasty, including 7,000 scholars in Fujian Province, accounting for 1/5 of the national total. This figure far exceeds 5000 in Zhejiang, which ranks second, and 4000 in Jiangxi, which ranks third. In Putian, Fujian, which is the end of Xianxia Ancient Road, there are 1500 Jinshi, which shows the profound local cultural atmosphere.

In the eighth year of Zhenghe in the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhu Song was named Zhenghe Wei and later transferred to Youxi. Since then, he has settled in Fujian with his family. This is a historic turning point. Zhu Song may be unknown in history, but his eldest son is unknown to everyone. Therefore, Fujian's cultural system was established.

Where is Zhu? Xue Min? Founder of Neo-Confucianism in Zhu Cheng. The style of study has had a far-reaching impact on Fujian and even the whole China cultural circle. Just? Top student phenomenon? Generally speaking, how many literati were there in Fujian before Zhu? It is already the knowledge of Song people. After Zhu, Fujian top student entered the era of high light.

Literati's poems and distant places are vividly displayed here, and generations of talented poets come to sing with the desire to cross mountains and mountains. Numerous literati entered Fujian through the Xianxia Ancient Road. Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, Lu You, Zhu and Yang Wanli all left countless poems and songs on the ancient Xianxia Road. Although it is difficult for us to understand why literati and poets of all ages have a special liking for this ancient road far from the capital of the Central Plains, hundreds of poems and works engraved on the stone tablet of Xianxia Ancient Road are enough to illustrate the humanistic feelings at that time.

Putian? Fang family?

2. Family culture and the birth of Fujian studies.

The cultural circle in Fujian is a family system. Generally, all schools are masters of learning, such as the most famous one in the Song Dynasty? Emperor's land? The Chen family in Xialuojiang, Luozhou is a typical top student family. Four Jinshi for father and son and six Kejia for brothers? So far it has been called. The first Hakka family in Bamin? .

More from Linpu Village, Fuzhou? The Lins? . ? Seven families and eight scholars, three generations and five ministers? A family has been passed down from generation to generation, with three generations and five ministers, and a family of eight sons, which is recorded in history books? Never? . And Putian? Fang family? Jinshi 132, of which 28 pairs? Father and son Jinshi? It is also a story in the literary world.

And how are these families in top student, Fujian formed? If you can look at the thousands of libraries and hundreds of academies in Fujian in the Song Dynasty, you may find the answer. Was it founded with Zhu? Xue Min? Neo-Confucianism? It also injected fresh energy into the cultural system of Fujian at that time. ? Xue Min? The appearance of Fujian in the Song Dynasty made Fujian a place where almost all the people studied, which was extremely rare in ancient times. Fujian was the cultural center of the whole country at that time, and it was also the birthplace of Zhu Neo-Confucianism.

3. The birth of top student.

Be one? Top student? How hard is it? In the Song Dynasty, the court examination was held once every three years. 300 scholars are admitted each time, with an average of one year 100. At that time, there were nearly hundreds of thousands of students all over the country, ranging from the provincial examination to the imperial examination. The so-called one in a million.

But in Fujian, which values education, rumors? Le Jia godson, five steps to one school, ten steps to one embarrassment, reciting the strings at dusk, echoing? There are famous schools everywhere, and everyone learns to bully. Historian Qian Mu once said:? Before Confucius, after Zhu. Both of them shine brilliantly in the history of China's academic thought and China's cultural history, leaving a great influence. ?

Zhu shared Confucius' general interest in giving lectures all his life, and his disciples and many other disciples also actively encouraged the reading atmosphere everywhere. Although Zhu advocates reading for the purpose of self-cultivation rather than talent? Top student? But objectively, it made the reading atmosphere in Fujian stronger at that time, so it naturally produced more? Top student? .

Chu Hsi

Third, summary.

In the Song Dynasty, Neo-Confucianism in Zhu Cheng and Fujian were the birthplaces. Countless students walked out of the ancient Xianxia Road and scattered all over the country at that time, including prime ministers and officials all over the country. Really let Fujian students all over the world.

In the Song Dynasty, Fujian top student Province was the first in China, and its success was an unrepeatable case. There are natural geographical environment and humanistic education factors, as well as political system and economic strength at that time. Mr. Chen Yinke, a historian, said: the culture of the Chinese nation has developed for thousands of years and reached its peak in the Zhao and Song Dynasties. ? Should we also add a sentence at the end? Xiongsheng is in Hakka Fujian? .