Examination questions of basic medical knowledge over the years (574)-202 1 Tianjin medical and health care

1. Patient, 65 years old. The yellow staining of skin and sclera gradually aggravated, the stool continued to turn white, and the weight loss was obvious after illness. The first thing to consider is: (Basic Medical Knowledge -7- Pathology, Youyang County Health Institution, Chongqing, 2065 438+07. 9. 30).

A. Acute viral hepatitis

B. Cirrhosis

C. Liver cancer

D. Pancreatic head cancer

2. The pharmacological basis of methotrexate in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia is: (2065438+Basic Medical Knowledge -8- Pharmacology of Youyang County Health Institution in Chongqing on September 30, 2007).

A. Suppress dihydrofolate reductase

B. destroy the molecular structure of DNA

C, inhibiting catabolism of protein.

D. Inhibition of protein's anabolism

3. The following hormones that do not affect glucose metabolism are: (Basic Medical Knowledge -9- Physiology, Youyang County Health Institution, Chongqing, 20 17)

A. growth hormone

B. thyroid hormone

C. parathyroid hormone

D. cortisol

4. When the osmotic fragility of red blood cells increases: (2065438+September 30, 2007, Basic Medical Knowledge-10- Health Institution of Youyang County, Chongqing, Physiology)

A. Red blood cells are not easy to rupture.

B. Increased resistance to hypertonic saline solution

C. the resistance to hypertonic saline solution is reduced.

D, low salt solution resistance is reduced.

5. The most easily mutated structure of influenza A virus is: (Basic medical knowledge-1 1- Microbiology, Youyang County Health Institution, Chongqing, September 30, 2007).

A. capsid protein

B. Membrane protein

C. encapsulated lipids

D. hemagglutinin and neuraminidase

6. When the blood concentration drops below the threshold concentration after drug withdrawal, the residual pharmacological effects are as follows: (2065438+September 30th, 2007, Basic Knowledge of Medicine-12-Pharmacology of Health Institutions in Youyang County, Chongqing)

A. Side effects

B. Toxic reaction

C. Consequences

D. specific reaction

Reference answer and analysis

1. Reference answer D. Analysis: The patient's emaciation should obviously be considered as cancer, and the patient's stool turns white, indicating that no bilirubin enters the intestine, which should be pancreatic head cancer, because cancer oppresses the main duodenal papilla, resulting in poor bile excretion.

2. Reference answer A. Analysis: Tetrahydrofolate is an important coenzyme for the synthesis of purine nucleotides and pyrimidine deoxynucleotides in vivo. As a folate reductase inhibitor, this product mainly inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, so that dihydrofolate cannot be reduced to tetrahydrofolate with physiological activity, thus blocking the transfer of a carbon group in purine nucleotide and pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis, and further inhibiting DNA biosynthesis.

3. Reference answer C. Analysis: The physiological function of parathyroid hormone is mainly to increase calcium and decrease phosphorus.

4. reference answer D. analysis: the osmotic fragility of red blood cells increases, indicating that red blood cells are easy to rupture and their resistance to low-salt solutions is reduced.

5. reference answer D. analysis: influenza a virus is the most frequently mutated type, and a new strain will be produced every ten years. This change is called antigen transformation, also called antigen qualitative change. It may be that hemagglutinin antigen and neuraminidase antigen change at the same time, so B is correct.

6. Reference answer C. Analysis: Legacy effect refers to the residual pharmacological effect when the blood drug concentration has dropped below the threshold concentration after drug withdrawal.