What are the contents and influences of the Beijing Treaty?

The Beijing Treaty includes the Sino-British Beijing Treaty, the Sino-French Beijing Treaty and the Sino-Russian Beijing Treaty. The main contents are as follows:

I. Sino-British Beijing Treaty

1, the Qing Dynasty confirmed the validity of the Sino-British Tianjin Treaty;

2. The Qing Dynasty ceded the Kowloon Peninsula in Xin 'an County, Guangdong Province (now south of Hong Kong Boundary Street) to Britain;

3. Tianjin was opened for trade in Qing Dynasty;

4. Raise the compensation of Sino-British Tianjin Treaty to 8 million taels;

5. Allow Western missionaries to rent and buy land and build churches in China;

6. Allow foreign businessmen to recruit Han Chinese to work as cheap labor (coolies) abroad.

Second, the Sino-French Beijing Treaty.

1. The Qing Dynasty ratified the Sino-French Tianjin Treaty, and the compensation was raised to 8 million taels.

2. Return the previously confiscated Catholic property;

3. Paragraph 7 of the China Treaty clearly stipulates that French missionaries rent and buy fields in various provinces and build their own houses, but there is no such provision in the French text;

The Qing Dynasty agreed to open Dalian as a commercial port.

Three. Sino-Russian Beijing Treaty

1. The Qing Dynasty recognized the effectiveness of the Aihui Treaty of 1858, and owned about 400,000 square kilometers of land from the east of the Wusuli River to the sea (including Sakhalin Island and the ice-free port Vladivostok) which was originally regulated as "* * *" by China and Russia. Since then, China has lost its access to the Sea of Japan in the northeast.

2. Delineate the western border between China and Russia, starting from Sabindabaha, passing through Zhai Cendre and Temurtujur (now Lake Issyk-Kul) to the vast-Chinese border bounded by mountains, rivers and present-day China's permanent residence in Kalun;

3. Open Zhangjiakou, Cullen and Kashgar as commercial ports;

4. Russia has established consulates in Cullen and Kashgar.

The influence of that Beij treaty are as follows:

1, the Beijing Treaty is an extension of the Tianjin Treaty, which not only recognizes the validity of the Tianjin Treaty, but also allows western capitalist countries headed by Britain and France to seize more aggressive rights and interests.

2. After the opening of Tianjin, the western capitalist aggression forces had an aggression stronghold;

3. The occupation of a large area of territory east of Kowloon Peninsula and Wusuli River has further damaged China's national sovereignty and territorial integrity;

4. Allow foreign businessmen to recruit Han Chinese to work as cheap labor abroad, and let countries such as Britain and France openly plunder and sell China people to go abroad as slaves;

5. The semi-colonial and semi-feudal status of China has been further deepened. The disaster of China people is getting deeper and deeper. It also violated the justice of China, and the sovereignty of inland navigation was seriously violated.

Extended data

The historical background of China's signing of the Beijing Treaty;

1860 In August, more than 7000 people from the British and French allied forces/KLOC-0 arrived in the waters near Tianjin, conquered Dagu and occupied Tianjin, and defeated the main force of the Qing army in Tongxian County. On September 22, Emperor Xianfeng fled to Jehol, where he became Prince Gong. For plenipotentiaries and ministers, stay in Beijing to make peace. During the negotiations, the Qing government completely accepted the terms of Britain and France without any struggle.

1860 10 10 On October 24th, the Qing government fully negotiated with Minister Yi. Exchange the Sino-British Tianjin Treaty and sign the Sino-British Beijing Treaty with the British Plenipotentiary Erkin in the lobby of Beijing Ritual Department.

1860101October 25th, the Qing government fully negotiated with Minister Yi? In the lobby of Beijing Ritual Department, the Tianjin Treaty was exchanged with the French Plenipotentiary Gro, and the Sino-French Beijing Treaty was signed. British and French troops immediately withdrew from Beijing.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Beijing Treaty