Urgent for internship report, extra points for petroleum machinery, urgent and urgent.

1, understand the general process of mechanical manufacturing.

2, understand the commonly used metal materials.

3, understand the composition of commonly used measuring tools and master the use method.

4, understand the basic knowledge of metal parts processing.

5. Understand the basic concepts of limit and fit and surface roughness.

6, understand the significance of safety in production.

7. Understand the appearance of various machine tools, including lathes, milling machines, grinders, planers, boring machines, drilling machines, punching machines and slotting machines, as well as the basic operations of lathes, locksmiths, milling machines, grinders and planers.

Second, the internship time: June 2009-17 June 2009-19.

3. Internship location: Shandong Linyi Gong Lin Automobile Axle Box Co., Ltd., Pingyi County, Linyi City, Shandong Province

Four. Internship unit and department: Shandong Linyi Gong Lin Automobile Axle Housing Co., Ltd.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Practice content:

(1). Company introduction

Shandong Linyi Gong Lin Automobile Axle Box Co., Ltd. is a large-scale enterprise integrating development, design, manufacture and sales of light automobile transmissions, agricultural equipment drive axle boxes and construction machinery parts assemblies and services. The company is located at the foot of the scenic Mengshan Mountain, with an area of185,000 square meters, total assets of 500 million yuan, and more than 200 employees/kloc-0, including 396 engineers and technicians.

Company's leading products: three platforms

● The annual production and sales of light automobile transmissions is 350,000 units, ranking first in the country. Mainly for FAW Hongta, Second Automobile Light Truck, Beiqi Foton, Beijing FAW, Hefei Jianghuai, Shenyang Jinbei, Changan Feiyue, Dongan Panther, Zi Qi Tangjun, Kyle Automobile and other well-known domestic automobile manufacturers. Products are exported to the United States, Japan, Russia, India, Iran, Algeria and other countries, and equipped with OEM.

● The domestic market share of drive axle box of wheat, rice, corn and soybean combine harvester is 80%, and the technology is leading in the industry. Mainly for Futian Lovo Heavy Industry, China Jiashi, Xinlian, Jinyi, Yi Tuo and other large domestic agricultural equipment and machinery manufacturers.

● The hydraulic torque converter, gearbox, front and rear axle assemblies and their parts of construction machinery are mainly provided by domestic large-scale construction machinery manufacturing companies such as Shandong Gong Lin and Futian Lovo Heavy Industry.

The company always adheres to the concept of "harmony, honesty, innovation and development" and constantly improves the management mechanism and modern enterprise system. Adhere to people-oriented and scientific development. The company has successively passed ISO900 1:2000: 2000, ISO/TS 16949: 2002 quality management system certification and China automobile product certification; Have the right to import and export; It is the sub-center of the National Technology Center of the controlling party, the technical center of harvesting machinery CVT of China Gear Professional Association, the second-class enterprise of national safety and quality standardization, the top 100 automobile parts and gears industry in China, the Shandong star enterprise with China patent, Shandong famous brand products, Shandong high-tech enterprises, the top ten independent innovation brands of Shandong machinery industry, and the national torch plan of MW525G automobile transmission.

According to the company's plan, in the next three years (20 10-20 12), a domestic large-scale bridge box production base with annual production and sales of 600,000 sets and sales income of 2 billion yuan will be built. We warmly welcome you to our company for guidance and business negotiation.

(2) product awareness

208 Drive axle of rice harvester (not shown)

The overall design of the drive axle assembly is super strong; Large capacity clutch; Strong bearing capacity; Good handling performance; Hydraulic/mechanical braking steering is flexible and reliable; It is an ideal supporting product for the existing 1.8-2.2m cut-width crawler rice harvester.

Main performance parameters:

Input torque: 200 Nm.

Matching power: 490,495

Matching model: 1.8-2.2m cut-width rice harvester.

Weight: 175Kg

5 15 automobile transmission (not shown)

Standard international file, five files are completely synchronized; Single slip shift control; All-aluminum/cast iron shell can be selected in two States, which is the first choice for domestic micro-passengers and micro-cards.

Main performance parameters:

Center distance: 70 mm

Input torque: 150 Nm

Matching power: 380,385,480

Matching models: Jianghuai, Dongfeng, Futian, Dongan Panther and other micro-trucks, Dongfeng Xiaokang micro-passengers.

Weight: 40 kg (iron) /30 kg (aluminum)

ZL50 drive axle (not shown)

① Main technical parameters

Speed ratio: 23.257

Main reduction ratio: 5.2857

Wheel reduction ratio: 4.4

Maximum input torque: 5000 Nm.

Maximum static load: 2500kg

Maximum dynamic load: 15000kg.

Brake torque of single bridge: 5200N.m

Brake pressure: 10Mpa

② Structural features: The drive axle is SOMA drive axle with compact and reasonable structure. The half shaft is fully floating, and the chuck braking is reliable. The drive axle is a two-stage reduction transmission structure. The first stage is the main reduction gear, which is driven by Gleason spiral bevel gear. It has the characteristics of large input torque, high transmission efficiency and stable operation. The second stage is the wheel side reduction transmission device, which adopts planetary reduction transmission structure (NGW type), with good overall movement rigidity and stable output speed. The main reducer and the wheel reducer are connected by a fully floating half shaft to transmit power. The axle shaft has a certain floating amount in the axle housing, which overcomes the influence of axle housing deformation on the axle shaft. It can also be used with vibration rollers, tractors and other hosts. It is an ideal supporting product for popular loaders and other construction machinery under the same conditions.

(3) Overview of mechanical manufacturing process

Any machine or equipment is composed of corresponding parts and equipment. Parts can be made directly from profiles by cutting. Generally speaking, raw materials are made into blanks by casting, forging, stamping, welding and other methods, and then cut from blanks. Some parts need to be interspersed with different heat treatment processes during the blank manufacturing process. Therefore, the general mechanical production process can be simply summarized as: blank manufacturing-cutting-assembly debugging.

1) blank manufacturing

Commonly used blank manufacturing methods are:

1. Casting molten metal, making molds, pouring molten metal into molds, and obtaining castings with certain shapes and properties after solidification.

2. Forging is a processing method that under the action of pressure equipment and tools (dies), the blank is plastically deformed to obtain forgings with certain geometric size, shape and quality.

3. Stamping A method of applying pressure to a plate with a die on a press to separate or deform it, thereby obtaining a product (stamping part) with a certain shape and size. Stamping products have enough precision and surface quality, and can be used directly with little (even no) cutting.

4, welding by heating or pressure, or both * * * with or without filler, so that the weldment to achieve atomic bonding processing method.

The shape of the blank is similar to that of the part, the external dimension of the part to be processed is larger than the corresponding dimension of the part, and the cavity dimension is smaller than the corresponding dimension of the part. The difference between blank size and parts is the machining allowance of blank.

Advanced casting and forging methods can also be used to directly produce parts.

2) cutting and processing

In order to make the parts achieve accurate size and smooth surface, the machining allowance on the blank should be removed by cutting. The commonly used methods are turning, milling, planing, grinding, drilling and boring. Generally speaking, a blank has to go through several cutting processes to become a finished part. Due to the need of technology, these processes can be divided into rough machining, semi-finish machining and finish machining.

In the process of blank manufacturing and cutting, in order to facilitate cutting and ensure the mechanical properties of parts, it is necessary to heat treat the workpiece before (or after) some processes. The so-called heat treatment refers to a technological method of heating, insulating and cooling metal materials (workpieces) in an appropriate way to obtain the required structure and properties. After heat treatment, the workpiece may have a little deformation or surface oxidation, so finishing (such as grinding) is often arranged after the final heat treatment.

Lathe is the main tool of lathe, and lathe is a machine tool mainly turning rotating workpieces with turning tools. On the lathe, you can also use drills, reamers, taps, dies and knurling tools for corresponding processing. Lathe is mainly used to process shafts, disks, sleeves and other workpieces with revolving surfaces, and it is the most widely used machine tool in machinery manufacturing and repair shops.

Turning tools can be divided into cylindrical turning tools, internal turning tools, grooving turning tools, threaded turning tools and forming turning tools according to their uses. Generally, turning has two steps: rough turning and fine turning. The purpose of rough turning is to cut off most of the machining allowance from the workpiece as soon as possible, so that the workpiece is close to the final shape and size. The purpose of finish turning is to remove the machining allowance left by rough turning and ensure the dimensional tolerance and surface roughness of parts.

In addition, CNC lathes comprehensively apply computer technology, automatic control, precision measurement and mechanical design. It is a highly automated lathe controlled by an electronic computer, which has wide versatility and greater flexibility. It uses digital codes to represent various operations and steps needed in the machining process, and transmits digital information to a special general-purpose computer through a control medium. The computer processes and calculates the input information, and sends out various instructions to control the servo system or other execution files of the lathe, thus realizing the automatic machining of the lathe. A remarkable difference between CNC lathe and other lathes is that when the machining object changes, except for reinstalling the workpiece, only a new program needs to be re-entered without any adjustment to the lathe.

Milling is a method of cutting various surfaces or grooves on a workpiece with a rotary milling cutter on a milling machine. Milling is one of the commonly used methods in metal cutting. Milling is mainly used for machining planes and various groove surfaces and molding surfaces. Universal dividing head can also be used for milling indexing parts, and holes in workpieces can also be drilled. Commonly used milling machines are vertical milling machine, horizontal milling machine and universal horizontal milling machine. Milling workers can be used for milling planes, inclined planes, stepped surfaces, grooves, spiral grooves and equally divided parts (machining gears).

The method that planers use planers to process workpieces on planers is called planing, which is one of the commonly used methods in metal cutting. The main motion of planing is linear reciprocating motion, mainly processing parts such as plane and groove (such as straight groove, T-groove and dovetail groove). The main types of planer are shaper and gantry planer. Shaper is mainly used to process the surfaces of smaller parts, and gantry planer is mainly used to process the surfaces of larger boxes, brackets, machine beds and other parts. Planers are generally made into elbows, so that they will not bite into the machined surface of the workpiece and damage the blade and machined surface. In fact, slotting machine is a vertical shaper, which is mainly used to process the inner surface of workpieces, such as square holes, rectangular holes, polygonal holes and keyways in holes.

Grinder grinder is a method of machining the surface of workpiece with abrasive tools at high linear speed, and it is one of the main methods of machining mechanical parts. Grinders are mainly used for finishing internal and external cylindrical surfaces, internal and external conical surfaces, planes and molding surfaces (such as spline shafts, threads and gears) of parts, so as to obtain higher dimensional accuracy and smaller surface roughness. Among them, the grinding wheel is the main working part of the grinder, and the cutting fluid is mainly used to reduce the temperature in the grinding area and reduce the friction between the grinding wheel and the workpiece.

The locksmith mainly uses bench vises, various hand tools and some mechanical electric tools to complete the processing of some parts, the assembly and debugging of parts and machines, and the maintenance and repair of various mechanical equipment. The fitter is a complicated, meticulous and demanding job, and its basic operations include: parts measurement, marking, chiseling, sawing, filing, drilling, reaming, tapping, scraping, grinding, straightening, bending, riveting, sheet metal blanking and assembly. Fitter can be divided into general fitter, marking fitter, repair fitter, assembly fitter, mold fitter, tool model fitter and sheet metal fitter.

When filing different shapes, different filing methods are needed, among which plane file is the most basic filing method, as well as curved file and through-hole file.

3) Assembly and debugging

According to the technical requirements of mechanical products, the processed and qualified parts are assembled, connected and fixed in a certain order by the method of fitter or the combination of fitter and machinery to become a complete machine. This process is called assembly. Assembly is the last process of machinery manufacturing, and it is also the key to ensure that machinery meets various technical requirements.

The assembled machine must be put into trial operation to observe its efficiency and overall quality under working conditions. Only after the inspection and trial operation are qualified can the package leave the factory.

(4) Common knowledge of metal materials

1) Characteristics of metallic materials

The properties of metal materials can be divided into two categories: service performance and process performance. Practical properties reflect the characteristics of materials in use, such as physical properties, chemical properties, mechanical properties and so on. Technological properties can reflect the characteristics of materials in the process of processing and manufacturing.

1, mechanical properties of metal materials Any machine part can bear the action of external force (load) when working. Therefore, the characteristics of materials under external force are particularly important. This property is called mechanical property. Mechanical properties mainly include strength, plasticity, hardness and toughness.

2. Technological properties of metal materials The technological properties of metal materials mainly include casting performance, forging performance, welding performance and machining performance.

2) Classification of metal materials

Non-alloy steel (commonly known as carbon steel, short for carbon steel)

Steel low alloy steel

Iron and iron-based alloy steel

Cast iron (mainly steel)

Metal material ferroalloy

Aluminium and aluminium alloys

Non-ferrous metal materials (mainly non-ferrous metals) copper and copper alloys

Titanium and titanium alloys

3) Brief introduction of metal materials

1. Steel is a material with iron as the main element, carbon content generally below 2.0%, and other elements. Steel can be divided into non-alloy steel, low-alloy steel and alloy steel according to chemical composition. Non-alloy steel is commonly known as carbon steel or carbon steel for short. Carbon steel is divided into ordinary quality carbon steel, high quality carbon steel and special quality carbon steel according to the main quality grade and main performance or use characteristics of steel; According to the different carbon content, carbon steel can be divided into low carbon steel, medium carbon steel and high carbon steel.

Ordinary quality carbon steel Q235A is used to manufacture screws, nuts and washers.

High-quality carbon steel 08F steel and 10 steel are used to make stamping shells, containers, lids, etc. 40 steel shafts and rods; 45 steel makes gears, connecting rods, etc.

Special steel mainly includes carbon tool steel, carbon spring steel and special free-cutting steel. T7 steel and T8 steel are used to make pliers, chisels, hammers, screwdrivers, etc. T 10 steel is used to make hand saw blades; T 12 steel is used to make files and scrapers.

Low carbon steel (carbon content below 0.25%) has low strength, good plasticity, toughness, easy forming and good weldability, and is often used to manufacture structures and parts with less stress.

Medium carbon steel (carbon content is between 0.25% and 0.6%) has high strength, plasticity and toughness, and is suitable for manufacturing mechanical parts.

Carbon steel (with carbon content of 0.6%- 1.4% excluding 0.6%) has poor plasticity and weldability, but after heat treatment, it can reach higher strength and hardness, and is used to make tools and dies.

2. Cast iron Cast iron is a general term for alloys mainly composed of iron, carbon and silicon. The carbon content of cast iron used in production is usually between 2.5% and 4.0%, and the impurities such as silicon, manganese, phosphorus and sulfur are also higher than steel.

The commonly used cast iron is gray cast iron. The carbon in gray cast iron mainly exists in the form of flake graphite, and the fracture surface is gray. Its tensile strength, plasticity and toughness are low, but it has good bearing performance, good friction reduction and shock absorption, good machinability and low cost, so it is widely used. Gray cast iron has good castability and can be used for casting castings with complex shapes or thin walls. Gray cast iron is a brittle material, which cannot be forged and has poor weldability. Commonly used brands are HT200, which are used to manufacture machine tool beds, gear boxes, tool holders and so on.

(5) Common measuring tools

In order to ensure the quality, every part of the machine must be made according to the drawings. Whether the parts meet the requirements of the drawings can only be known by checking the measuring tools, and these measuring tools become measuring tools. Commonly used quantities are: steel ruler, caliper, 90 square, vernier caliper, micrometer, dial indicator, etc.

Steel Ruler The length specifications of steel rulers are 150mm, 300mm, 500mm and 1000mm. Among them, the measurement accuracy of 150mm specification is 0.5mm, and other specifications are1mm. Steel straightedge is often used for blanks and parts with low measurement accuracy.

Calipers There are two kinds of calipers: external calipers and internal calipers, which are used to measure external dimensions (external diameter or workpiece thickness) and internal dimensions (internal diameter or groove width) respectively. Caliper is an indirect measuring tool, which cannot directly read the measured size. When using, you must cooperate with a steel ruler (or other marking measuring tools) to get the measurement reading, or use a caliper to get the required size on the steel ruler first, and then check whether the workpiece meets the specified size.

Vernier caliper Vernier caliper is a kind of measuring tool with simple structure and medium precision, which can directly hit the dimensions such as outer diameter, inner diameter, length and depth. Vernier caliper consists of ruler body and vernier. The ruler body and the fixed clamping feet are made into a whole. The cursor is integrated with the movable clamping foot and can slide on the ruler. The measuring accuracy of vernier caliper is 0.02 mm, 0.05 mm and 0. 1 mm. When measuring the workpiece with vernier caliper, the clamping feet should be gradually close to the workpiece and slightly contacted, and care should be taken not to be skewed to prevent reading errors.

Micrometer is a precision measuring tool. The measuring accuracy of micrometer commonly used in production is 0.065438±0mm, which is higher and more sensitive than vernier caliper. Therefore, for parts with high machining accuracy, micrometer should be used for measurement. There are many kinds of micrometer, including outside micrometer, inside micrometer and depth micrometer, among which outside micrometer is the most commonly used.

Dial gauge is a precision measuring tool, which is mainly used to correct the installation position of workpiece, check the shape and position errors of parts and measure the inner diameter of parts. The measuring accuracy of commonly used dial indicators is 0.065438 0 mm.

(6), internship summary

The two-day internship is over. During this period, we always visited several workshops under the guidance of teachers and factory technicians and learned a lot. Let me have a new understanding and understanding of many things that I don't understand in textbooks through practical observation.

In this era of science and technology, there are many kinds of high-tech products, and their production processes and processes are also different, but no matter what kind of products, from raw material processing to finished products, they all follow certain production principles and are completed by some main equipment and processes. Therefore, in the process of professional practice, we should first understand its production principle, make clear the production process and the structure and operation of main equipment. Secondly, under the guidance of professionals, through the design, production and development of internship products, we will initially cultivate our knowledge application ability. To sum up, there are the following aspects:

1. Understand the development, production purpose, production procedure and product supply and demand of contemporary machinery industry.

2. Understand the selection of production methods and technical routes of mechanical products, the determination of process conditions and the principles of process preparation.

3. Understand the quality standards, technical specifications, packaging and use requirements of mechanical products.

4. Under the guidance of employees, trainee production process and technical design links, exercise their observation ability and knowledge application ability.

5. The ability of social work has been improved accordingly. During the internship, we not only learned the knowledge and skills from the employees of the enterprise, but also learned the scientific management methods and their professionalism. I feel the enrichment of life, the joy of learning, and the satisfaction of acquiring knowledge. Real contact with society eliminates our fear of going to society, and makes us full of confidence in the future and face the society with a good attitude. At the same time, it also makes us realize the hardship of work, understand the severe problems faced by college students in the current society, and urge us to learn more knowledge to lay a good foundation for future work.

6. The relationship between teachers and students has been improved. From the whole process of this production practice, we always obey the teacher's arrangement, strictly demand ourselves, report on time and pay attention to safety.

This internship made me feel the application of what I have learned for the first time. The combination of theory and practice has opened our eyes, and it is also a preliminary test of what we have learned before! This kind of production practice is really good for our future study and job hunting. In just two days, let's go back from rationality to sensibility, let's have a preliminary understanding of this society, and it is also inspiring for us to grasp the direction in the future!

You can refer to my internship report. Some things about machinery must be modified by themselves. After all, you practiced it yourself!