What's the common sense about Guangdong Province?

Guangdong for short. Guangdong Province has been at the forefront of reform and opening up, with Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Shantou taking the lead in establishing special economic zones and becoming the largest economic province in China. Guangdong Province is located at the southernmost tip of Chinese mainland, bordering the South China Sea in the south, Qiongzhou Strait across the sea from Hainan, Guangxi in the west, Hunan and Jiangxi in the north and Fujian in the east. The whole province is located in low latitude, and the Tropic of Cancer runs through the middle of the land. Guangdong province has a subtropical monsoon humid climate. Guangdong is high in the north and low in the south, with mountains, plains and hills crisscrossing. Most rivers flow from north to south, mainly the Pearl River, Hanjiang River and Jianjiang River. Guangdong is a famous hometown of overseas Chinese in China. There are about 6 million Hong Kong and Macao compatriots whose ancestral homes are in Guangdong, and about 22 million overseas Chinese, all over the world.

Geographical survey

Guangdong Province is located at the southernmost tip of Chinese mainland, with a total land area of 6,543,800 square kilometers and a total coastline of 3,368 kilometers. There are many islands. The south borders the South China Sea. It is bounded by Qiongzhou Strait and faces Hainan across the sea. Guangxi borders on the west. It connects Hunan and Jiangxi in the north and Fujian in the east. The whole province is located in low latitude, and the Tropic of Cancer runs through the middle of the land. Guangdong is high in the north and low in the south. Mountains, plains and hills crisscross. The highest peak in the province is Shikenggan, located at the northwest end of this mountain, with an altitude of 1902 meters. Most rivers flow from north to south, mainly the Pearl River, Hanjiang River and Jianjiang River. The Pearl River is the third largest river in China. The Pearl River Delta and Hanjiang River Delta along the South China Sea are famous land of plenty.

Climatic characteristics

Guangdong Province is a subtropical and tropical monsoon climate, and it is a region rich in light, heat and water resources in China. Except Lianshan in the northwest of Guangdong, the annual average temperature is above 65438 09℃. The zonal distribution of temperature is obvious, generally low in the north and high in the south. The annual precipitation in most parts of Guangdong is 1500 ~ 2000mm, but the distribution is uneven, with great differences between regions and years. Guangdong is also one of the most frequently hit provinces by typhoons in China.

natural resource

Guangdong province is rich in animal and plant species, including more than 0/000 species of wild plants, including more than 30 ancient plants, such as water pine, cycad and tree fern, which are called living fossils in Guangdong. The total number of plant species in the northern part of Nanling exceeds the total number of plant species in the central and northern parts of China, and it is known as a green treasure house. There are also patches of mangroves on the beaches along the Pearl River Estuary. There are more than 700 kinds of wild animals here, and the rare animals are Suman antelope and South China tiger. The fresh water area of the South China Sea is over 273 square kilometers, and there are about 860 kinds of fish. There are 85 kinds of proven reserves in Guangdong mineral resources, most of which are non-ferrous metals. Oil and natural gas resources are also abundant.

transport

Guangdong is the southern gate of the motherland, adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao, and the nearest seaport to Southeast Asia, South Asia, Oceania, the Middle East and Africa. The transportation in the whole province is developed, and the land, sea and air transportation network with Guangzhou as the center extends in all directions. There are more than 100 ports. There are 8 civil aviation airports. There are Beijing-Kowloon, Beijing-Guangzhou, Guangmeishan, Sanmao and other railway trunk lines, as well as Guangzhou-Shenzhen quasi-high-speed passenger cars passing through Kowloon. Highways extend in all directions and have a high grade.

General situation of economy

The development speed of industrial and agricultural production in Guangdong Province is higher than the national average growth level. Guangdong's industries mainly include food, household appliances, plastic products, clothing, cigarettes, ceramics, textiles, silk, machinery, electronics, electricity, coal, petroleum, shipbuilding, automobiles, chemicals, medicine, building materials and metallurgy. A complete industrial system has been formed. The category and output value of electronic industry rank among the top in China. At the same time, Guangdong is also the production base of rice, vegetables and fruits in China. The Pearl River Delta is the production base of grain, fruit and sugarcane. Leizhou Peninsula is a tropical crop production base.

Cultural practices

In the long historical development process, Guangdong has formed a rich and distinctive local culture, where three Chinese dialects are mainly used: Guangzhou dialect, Hakka dialect and Fujian dialect. The local folk art is rich and colorful, mainly including Cantonese opera, Chaozhou opera, Han opera, Lei Ju opera and Shanju opera.

Provincial capital: Guangzhou

Guangzhou is the capital of Guangdong Province, also known as Yangcheng, or simply Guangzhou. Located in the middle of the province, adjacent to Huizhou in the east. It is adjacent to Foshan in the west. Qingyuan and Shaoguan in the north, Dongguan and Zhongshan in the south. Across the sea from Hong Kong and Macao. It covers an area of 7435 square kilometers. Jurisdiction 10 area, and jurisdiction over two county-level cities, Conghua and Zengcheng. It is the most important foreign trade port in China, and it is also one of the starting points of the ancient Maritime Silk Road, before the trade of five ports in the Qing Dynasty. Now it is the southern transportation hub of China, the gateway to the outside world and the southern gate of China. Guangzhou is high in the northeast and low in the southwest. The northeast is mountainous, the middle is hilly and terraced, and the south is the alluvial plain of the Pearl River Delta, and the Pearl River passes through the city. With superior natural conditions and abundant natural resources, china fruit is one of the regions with the richest resources and developed industries. Rich products. Agricultural and sideline industries mainly include planting rice and vegetables, breeding freshwater fish and poultry. Guangzhou has the largest international trade port in South China, as well as expressway and railway networks extending in all directions, connecting all parts of the country.

Shenzhen

Shenzhen is located in the southern coast of Guangdong Province, bordering Dapeng Bay in the east, the Pearl River Estuary in the west, the New Territories in Hong Kong in the south and Dongguan and Huizhou in the north, with a total area of 2,020 square kilometers, and * * * governs six municipal districts. Shenzhen has a subtropical maritime climate with abundant rainfall. The sunshine is long and the climate is mild.

Shenzhen is a beautiful coastal city with more than 70 kilometers of winding coastline, where Dameisha, xiaomeisha and streams are distributed. Zhongfu, Diefu, Shuishatou and Xiyong beaches are white and blue.

Famous historical and cultural city: Foshan

Foshan has a long history, which originated in the Jin Dynasty and was named after the Tang Dynasty. As early as the Qin and Han Dynasties. It is already a large village where farmers and fishermen live together. In the second year of Zhenguan in Tang Dynasty (628), three Buddha statues were excavated on Tapogang in the city, hence the name Foshan. Foshan is located in the south of Guangdong Province, in the hinterland of the Pearl River Delta, bordering Guangzhou in the east and Hong Kong and Macao in the south. There are many cultural landscapes in Foshan, including ancestral temples, Confucius temples and Huanggong temples. Foshan ancestral temple, founded in the Northern Song Dynasty, is the first of all temples in Foshan. Shunde Qinghui Garden is one of the four famous gardens in Guangdong in Qing Dynasty. In addition, there are the Confucius Temple, the former residence of Kang Youwei in Nanhai and the Gui Ling Tower. For thousands of years, there have been many famous people in Foshan, among which Chen Qiyuan, Kang Youwei, Zhan Tianyou, Wu and Bruce Lee are the most famous. Foshan is also the birthplace of China Cantonese Opera.

Famous historical and cultural city: Zhaoqing

Zhaoqing, located in the middle of Guangdong Province, is one of the birthplaces of ancient Lingnan local culture. The bronzes unearthed in China show that by the late Spring and Autumn Period, the local culture of Lingnan in Zhaoqing had begun to merge with the culture of Shang and Zhou Dynasties in the Central Plains and the culture of Chu and Yue in the Yangtze River basin. Counties were established in the Han Dynasty. Duanzhou was located in the Sui Dynasty, and Zhaoqing was called in the Song Dynasty, meaning "to start bringing good luck and happiness". Li Yong, a writer in the Tang Dynasty, Rong Rui, a Japanese monk studying abroad, Huineng, the sixth ancestor of Zen, Bao Zheng, a famous minister in the Northern Song Dynasty, Matteo Ricci, an Italian missionary, Sun Yat-sen, a revolutionary pioneer, Ye Ting, and many other historical celebrities have left footprints in Zhaoqing. Zhaoqing has many cultural relics and historic sites. Including the Song City Wall, Piyun Building, Mei 'an, Yuejiang Building, Chongxi Tower, Li 'an Building, the former site of Ye Ting Independent Regiment, and the stone carvings on the cliffs of Qixingyan. There are also relics of the six ancestors of Zen Buddhism, East and West Mosques and so on. Xinghu and Dinghu are famous scenic spots in Zhaoqing. Xinghu Lake is known as the first wonder of Lingnan. Dinghushan ranks first among the four famous mountains in Guangdong and is known as a living natural museum.

Guangdong Province

Zhuhai is located in the southwest corner of the Pearl River Delta and to the west of the Pearl River Estuary. Lingdingyang in the east and Macau in the south. 0/40km from Guangzhou/KLOC-. The city is surrounded by the sea on three sides and has many ports. The territory is scattered and complicated, with low hills, isolated mountains, plains, beaches and mangrove coasts. Industry mainly includes electronics, machinery, textiles, light industry, chemistry, plastics, ceramics, medicine and medical devices, building materials and other categories, as well as the power industry. Agricultural products include rice, sugar cane, vegetables, flowers and fruits, such as litchi, pineapple, banana, plantain and citrus. Aquatic products are rich in resources and varied, and there is a famous Wanshan fishing ground.

Leizhou Peninsula

Leizhou Peninsula is one of the three major peninsulas in China, and it is named after many thunderstorms. Leizhou Peninsula is located in the southwest of Guangdong Province, extending between Beibu Gulf and leizhou bay, covering an area of about 8,000 square kilometers. The southern part of the peninsula faces Hainan Island across Qiongzhou Strait. The peninsula has a single topography and gentle ups and downs, mainly plateau, followed by marine plain. The slope of the ground is generally only 3~5 meters. The gentle slope and pond topography in the northern part of the peninsula. 25~50 meters above sea level. There are seven volcanic rocks on the platform, such as Luogangling, Jiaoyiling and Huguangyan. The basalt platform in the south of the peninsula is very flat, with 10 volcanic belt, 25-80 meters above sea level and more than 200 meters high. The peninsula is surrounded by the sea on three sides. The coastline is about1180km long, and the island coastline is1450km long. There are marine plains on the east coast, beaches on the outer edge, and islands such as East China Sea, South Three Rivers and Panzhou. Zhanjiang Port is a modern South China Sea port located in the northeast of the peninsula, and it is one of China's foreign trade ports and fishing bases. Huanghuagang 72 martyr cemetery

The entrance of the cemetery is a tall archway, with three archways lying in disorder. The words "Qi Hao Eternity" inscribed by Dr. Sun Yat-sen are engraved in the middle of the tomb door. The tomb is wide and there are many stone tablets. On the square pavilion, there is a stone tablet of "Tomb of the Seventy-two Martyrs", followed by "Jigong Square". 72 stones are stacked on the top of the pyramid-shaped square, and there is a statue of Liberty holding the torch high on the top. Zhang Taiyan wrote an ancient seal for this workshop, "Creating 72 Martyrs Jigong Square in the Republic of China". The stone tablet behind the square records the uprising in detail. There are yellow flowers in the cemetery all year round, symbolizing the immortal spirit of the martyrs.

Humen fort

Humen is located in the throat of the Pearl River waterway, facing the sea in the south and Huangpu Port in Guangzhou in the north. It is the gateway to Guangzhou. Where military strategists have stood for generations. Humen Fort is also called Hutoumen Fort. It's named after the tiger mountain in its mouth, which looks like two tigers going down the mountain. Lin Zexu and Guan Tianpei built 1 1 battery in this * * layout, and set up more than 300 cannons. Weiyuan Fort was built in the rock in front of Nanshan Fort, and it was zigzag with Zhenyuan and Jingyuan Fort. There are chains, stakes and rows of chains in the battery, which form a solid position and block the invasion of foreign enemy ships. It is called Golden Lock and bronze doors. Shajiao Fort, located in the southeast of Humen, has 3000 kilograms of ancient guns, which were cast in Foshan in the 15th year of Daoguang (1835).

Nanhua Temple

Nanhua Temple was built in the first year of Tian Liang Prison in the Southern and Northern Dynasties (502). Later, Song Taizong named it Nanhua Temple, which is still in use today. Nanhua Temple is located on the bank of Caoxi, 22 kilometers southeast of Shaoguan City, where Huineng, the sixth ancestor, created Zen. It's the Zen ancestral court. Nanhua Temple is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the central axis. Enter through the main entrance. Followed by Caoximen, Fangshengchi, Baolinmen, Tianwang Hall and Daxiong Hall.

kaiping diaolou

Kaiping Diaolou is a unique local architectural complex in Kaiping City, with more than 3,000 buildings at most. There are more than 800 seats/kloc-0. These towers integrate the functions of residence and defense, and integrate Chinese and western architectural arts. It is a unique historical and cultural landscape, known as "an amazing architectural art gallery". This is a must in the world.

Zhongying steet

Zhongying Street is one of the eight scenic spots in Shenzhen. Zhongying Street has the unique characteristics of "one street, two systems" in the world. There are eight boundary pillars in the middle of the street. Both sides of the boundary stone are engraved with the boundary stone number and the erection time in Chinese and English respectively. Taking this as the boundary, some belong to Shenzhen and some belong to Hong Kong. This small street is 250 meters long and about 3 meters wide. There are many shops on both sides, and all kinds of goods are dazzling. Nowadays, Zhongying Street has become a tourist hotspot and a bustling commodity trading place. 1 July 9971After the return of Hong Kong, Zhongying Street lost its original meaning and became a historical relic.

Window of the World

Window of the World covers an area of about 480,000 square meters. Scenic spots are divided according to the content of sightseeing activities and the regional structure of the world. Large and small scenic spots include 1 18, including the Egyptian pyramids, the Grand Canyon of the United States, the Taj Mahal of India, the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, the Amun Temple of Karnak Temple, St. Peter's Cathedral of the Vatican, the Sydney Opera House in Australia, Angkor Wat in Cambodia, and the Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy. There are 10 world-famous sculptures in the World Square, and there are 108 large stone pillars with different styles and nearly 2000 square meters of embossed walls around the square. In addition, there are six giant doors and a magnificent stage, among which six giant doors are used to symbolize the birthplace of ancient world civilization. Visitors can learn many wonderful sights of the outside world through the window of the world.

Qixingya (in Guangdong Province)

Qixingyan is so beautiful that it is known as "peak danger, grotesque rocks, grotesque caves and ancient temples". There are about 80 scenic spots in key tourist areas, including Qiyan, Badong, Wuhu and Liubang. Tianzhu Rock is the highest. Altitude117m. There are many cultural relics left in the cave from the Tang Dynasty to the Republic of China, accounting for 64% of the cliff carvings in Qixingyan.

Ancestral Temple of the Chen Family

Chenjiaci, Chenjiaci, located in Zhongshan No.7 Road, Guangzhou. It was built in the 16th to 20th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1890~ 1894), which was the family ancestral temple jointly built by the Chen clan in 72 counties of Guangdong province at that time. The whole building faces south and consists of 19 buildings, with the size of 3 rooms, 5 halls and 6 courtyards. It integrates the decorative arts of Lingnan folk architecture, and is known as "three sculptures, three plastics and one cast iron" and is known as Baiyue Guan Temple. The architectural center of the academy is the main hall and Juxian Hall. The whole building is rigorous and symmetrical, with a sense of hierarchy. The promenade and Qingyun Lane make the whole building extend in all directions, and the courtyards and gardens are dotted among them, forming an independent and interrelated whole. Chen Academy is famous for its exquisite decoration technology. Wood carving, stone carving, brick carving, pottery sculpture, gray sculpture, mural painting and copper-iron casting are widely used in architectural decoration.

Ziyun mountain

Baiyun Mountain, located in the north of Guangzhou, is one of the famous mountains in South Guangdong. Known as the first show in Yangcheng, it consists of more than 30 peaks. Climb high to overlook the whole city and the Pearl River. Whenever it is sunny after rain or in late spring. The mountains are surrounded by white clouds, from which the mountain name comes.

Danxia mountain

Located in the northern part of Guangdong Province, China, Danxia Mountain is an important nature reserve in China. The mountain of Danxia Mountain is composed of red sandstone, and all kinds of Danxia Qifeng developed along vertical joints are very distinctive. It is called China Hongshi Park, which is the named place of Danxia landform. During the period from 65.438+0.4 billion years ago to 70 million years ago, Danxia Mountain was a large inland basin with thick red strata. Since 70 million years ago, the basin has experienced many intermittent rises and downward erosion of flowing water. The red rock strata in Danxia basin were cut into a red mountain group. Formed the beautiful Danxia Mountain now.