Urgent! ~ ~ ~ Questions about nuclear power plants

Five reasons for denying Rushan nuclear power station;

(1) Three nuclear power plants are planned along the coast of Shandong Peninsula with a distance of 80km, of which Haiyang Nuclear Power Plant and Rushan Nuclear Power Plant are 20km apart. It is only 6 kilometers away from Rushan Nuclear Power Station, a project under construction in 2009, and there is a famous national-level Yintan Tourism and Holiday Development Zone. The development zone was founded in 1992, and 1994 was rated as a provincial tourist resort. In 2002, it was rated as an AAAA-level tourist attraction by the state. The development zone has invested more than one billion yuan in infrastructure construction and introduced various investments of more than 654.38+0 billion yuan. 68 enterprises in the province rushed to build a silver beach.

"Giants" such as Daqing Oilfield, Changqing Oilfield, Taiyuan Petrochemical and Qilu Petrochemical have settled down one after another, and overseas investment and construction projects from Japan, the United States, South Korea and Singapore are in full swing in the Science Park. Yintan has built a population of 600,000, more than 2,000 modern buildings and a large number of new tourist bases with international standards such as hotels, yacht docks and golf courses.

It should be said that developing tourism economy and developing nuclear power are two different ways of economic and economic construction. Haiyang, 20 kilometers away from Yintan, has planned a nuclear power plant. Is it necessary to plan another nuclear power plant at Hongshiding, 6 kilometers away from Yintan? Is this thinking dizzy? The National Nuclear Safety Regulation requires that nuclear power plants should have enough safe distance from residential areas with a population of 654.38+10,000 and cities with a population of 1 10,000. In 2009, the planned Rushan nuclear power plant will have a long-term scale of 6-8 million kilowatts with a total investment of 60-80 billion yuan. Why do such a huge investment project have to choose the silver beach close at hand? According to the local newspaper, Shandong Province is eager to become a "nuclear power province", "Jiaodong Peninsula is expected to form a nuclear power group" and the three nuclear power plants are "all on the same line". Rushan Municipal Government has made great efforts to win this project, and signed a cooperation agreement with Luneng Group, the investor, in June 2005. At present, it is urgent to re-examine and stop Rushan Nuclear Power Station.

(2) Rushan Silver Beach is located in Rushan, Weihai, Shandong Province, and was awarded as "the most suitable area for human habitation" by the United Nations. It is a valuable resource of the country and cannot be wasted by local officials. Silver beach is surrounded by mountains and seas, with beautiful scenery. Its sandy beach, which stretches for more than 20 kilometers, is delicate, soft and white as silver, and is known as "the first beach in the world" and "Hawaii in the East". The annual average temperature here is 12.3℃, with warm winter and cool summer. It belongs to a typical warm temperate maritime climate and is most suitable for human habitation. Yintan is an excellent natural and cultural heritage, which deserves the pride of the Chinese nation. There are natural bathing beaches for tourists to bathe in; Ten thousand mu of coastal shelterbelt provides tourists with the interest of forest tourism; There are also tidal lakes with a water surface of 4 square kilometers and a water storage capacity of 30 million cubic meters, as well as natural landscapes such as pearl bay, Bailang Bay, Moon Bay, Gongjia Island, Sanguanting and Xianren Bridge. They are exquisite and charming, just like fairyland. The seawater and coastline of Yintan are clean and environmentally friendly, and have not suffered from industrial pollution. So far, the most natural natural ecological environment has been maintained.

Silver Beach is a rare "sacred gift" given by nature to mankind, so it has been rated as "the most suitable place for human habitation" by the United Nations twice, which also strongly proves that the future tourism and holiday prospects are immeasurable. Silver beach, like Jiuzhaigou, is the common wealth of all mankind. Such a rare and precious seascape, such a seascape without any pollution, and such a treasure land are hard to find in the world. In our country, it is very scarce. If Yintan is eroded by a nuclear power plant 6 kilometers away, it will leave a barren land with heavy nuclear waste in a few decades, and Yintan will go down in history as a "negative textbook" for China people's irresponsibility to the environment. (3) It is understandable that local governments are eager to develop the economy, but economic development must not violate objective laws. Geologically speaking, Rushan Yintan itself is an earthquake fault zone.

Earthquakes happen almost every year. The latest earthquake happened last year. According to the news of the Earthquake Administration of Shandong Province, an earthquake with magnitude of 4.3 occurred in Rushankou Town, Rushan City on June 8, 2005 12: 09, followed by several aftershocks. The earthquake caused a general earthquake in Weihai, and some areas in Yantai felt it.

There was a slight vibration in the high-rise buildings in Qingdao. Earthquakes can easily lead to nuclear leakage, which is an unchangeable natural phenomenon. If the local government stubbornly regards the nuclear power plant as a political achievement regardless of the danger, the result will be unimaginable.

(4) Planning a nuclear power plant 6 kilometers away from Yintan is a major construction project and a major event closely related to the lives of ordinary people. For such an important event, there is a lack of basic hearing in advance, and opinions cannot be heard.

The hearing was far from perfect. Among the builders and enthusiasts of Yintan, there are entrepreneurs from many cities across the country, retired workers who have struggled all their lives on the petrochemical front, Chinese overseas Chinese from home and abroad, and a large number of accomplished people. They support the country to develop the nuclear power industry, but feel that the site selection of Rushan nuclear power station is not suitable. Nuclear power plants can be built indefinitely, but the beautiful silver beach cannot be copied. The decommissioning period of nuclear power plants is only a few decades. Can it be compared with the plan of "sustainable development" in a hundred or ten thousand years? Unfortunately, despite strong demands,

However, no local official "condescended" to listen to these correct opinions from all over the country. On the contrary, websites where netizens express their opinions have been shut down again and again. This phenomenon is extremely abnormal and makes us feel cold.

(5) "Building an environment-friendly society" is one of the important ways to build a harmonious society, which not only refers to the harmony between people, but also includes the harmony between man and nature. Adjusting and optimizing the industrial structure and realizing the transformation of economic growth mode are the key measures and inevitable choices for building an environment-friendly society. We believe that under the natural resources of Shandong Peninsula,

Vigorously developing tidal and wind power generation and making full use of solar energy as auxiliary energy not only protect the environment, but also add a beautiful scenery to the national 4A-level tourist resort, which fully embodies the prominent position of "building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society". It is suggested that the relevant state departments and local governments carefully compare the advantages and disadvantages of wind power generation, tidal power generation and nuclear power generation in Jiaodong Peninsula, so as to prevent uncontrolled nuclear power and avoid causing great losses to the country and people.

In terms of safety, nuclear power is basically safe, but it can only be "basically". Unsafe factors exist objectively. From the geographical position of Shandong Peninsula, I don't think developing nuclear power is the best choice, because the transportation here is convenient and various energy components are rich, especially in Haiyang, Rushan and Rongcheng, which provide unique conditions for the sustainable economic development of Shandong Peninsula. Judging from the planning investment of Rushan nuclear power plant, the investment of 60 billion yuan to build a 6 million kilowatt nuclear power plant is equivalent to 6,543,800 yuan per kilowatt nuclear power investment, which is higher than 8,000 yuan per kilowatt wind power investment. Judging from the operating cost of the built nuclear power plant, the operation of nuclear power plant needs high-cost nuclear fuel, while wind power does not need to be used as "fuel" input, only the cost of equipment maintenance. From a safe distance, urban construction and enterprise construction must be far away from nuclear power plants, which will inevitably restrict the development of regional economy, but wind power does not have this requirement. In recent years, I have been studying the principle of new wind power generation. At present, I have basically formed a new theory of using wind power to generate electricity. I have made a preliminary calculation. On the coastline of Haiyang, Rushan and Rongcheng 120 km in Shandong Peninsula, a new 1200 wind turbine can be built with a total installed capacity of 7.2 million kilowatts.

The total investment is 60 billion yuan and the construction period is 3-5 years. Its economic, social and environmental benefits are considerable. It is suggested that the nuclear power projects in Haiyang, Rushan and Rongcheng should be carefully considered, so as not to leave worries and future troubles for Shandong's economic and social development for a hundred years.

Daya Bay is located between Huizhou and Shenzhen. Although the sea water is blue and pure and the islands are dotted, it is a good place for summer vacation. But it was not until 1994 that the first nuclear power plant was completed and put into operation, and it was still an unknown place. One afternoon two months ago, I sat in the "special car" to the nuclear power plant and looked at the looming coast from time to time. The cool and humid sea breeze blowing from the window made me look forward to this unusual "adventure trip".

It takes about two hours to get to the destination by car. I asked to sit in the co-pilot position from the beginning, because it not only allowed me to get the most intuitive feeling at the first time, but also allowed me to observe the first person of Daya Bay nuclear power plant "directly" at close range.

In fact, Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station is just a general term. There is also a Ling 'ao nuclear power station, only one kilometer away from Daya Bay nuclear power station, which was just completed and put into operation in early 2003. The driver who picked me up is from there.

The Daya Bay and Ling 'ao nuclear power plants protected by double barbed wire look like a heavily guarded fortress with two sides facing the sea and two sides facing the mountains. In the open workshop, all kinds of buildings are scattered in the huge lawn, and the lush banyan trees support the huge shade, as if walking into a beautiful park. Lonely towers lead high-voltage lines into the distance. Along the direction of the transmission line, you can see the cylindrical factory building. That's the production area of the nuclear power plant.

I subconsciously looked at the armed police and plainclothes security guards outside the door, and then carefully put the "special certificate" into that awesome automatic device. I kept staring at it, fearing that some sharp alarm would suddenly sound, and I became a "suspicious person" who was called aside to investigate carefully. But, thankfully, nothing happened.

The personnel passage here consists of many revolving doors, with card readers and password keyboards beside the doors and cameras on the doors. I noticed that almost every important pass in the production area has such a door, so you need to swipe your card and enter your password. In addition to several railings, there are anti-entry roadblocks rising from the ground in the vehicle passage. The doorman must check the inside and outside of the car before releasing it. Without a special pass, even a car with a nuclear power plant license can't get in.

The layout of nuclear power plants is very compact. Although the driver tried to drive slowly so that I could see more clearly, it only took us two minutes to make a detour and get a general idea of the distribution of plants. The main buildings of nuclear power plant are nuclear reactor building and turbine building, and the auxiliary facilities are scattered around, which is much lower than those two groups of buildings. Finally, we stopped at the entrance of the turbine building of Unit 2, and there was a low roar inside.

I followed the example of the accompanying engineer Zuo Yuxuan, blocked my ears with anti-noise earplugs, buckled my helmet, and breathed a sigh of relief, ready to enter this mysterious gate with a height of 10 m and a width of 10 m.

We don't have to look at the warning signs under the stairs carefully, but we also understand that the "environmental noise is higher than 85 decibels" here, and we should "wear earplugs", because even if we stand face to face, it is difficult to hear what each other is saying. I regret not learning some sign language.

The stairs closest to the door lead us into a huge three-dimensional maze. Pipes of different colors and thicknesses crisscross the stairs. The color of the pipeline represents the type of material flowing through the pipeline, and the arrow indicates the flow direction. Seeing the words "Beware of burns" in scarlet letters on a white background, I was so scared that I only dared to walk in the middle of the aisle. However, Zuo Yuxuan later told me that those pipes with high-temperature steam are thick in insulation layer and covered with silver-white metal skin, especially near stairs and aisles, "definitely not hot".

The gray truss and yellow crane on the ceiling are as high as ten stories from the ground, plus the iron grating that constitutes the "floor", it didn't take long for me to get dizzy. However, this kind of material is "light in weight and strong, which is beneficial to ventilation and heat dissipation". Later, an engineer told me that the stair floor in the nuclear island is also made of iron grating, and the water drenched on it can quickly leak to the bottom of the reactor building during emergency cooling and be recycled.

Climbing up again, the pipes are denser, the air is getting hotter and hotter, it is difficult to dissipate heat with a helmet on my head, and the sweat keeps dripping down my face, which somewhat distracts my attention from the ubiquitous noise. Moreover, earplugs can only reduce part of the noise, and the pervasive sound waves will still get into your ears and make you upset. And the vibration from the soles of the feet with noise contributed to the sound effect. I always feel something screaming in my ears, and this auditory hallucination disappears after leaving the turbine building for a while.

Until we crossed a narrow staircase, we finally set foot on the highest floor of the turbine building. At this time, everything suddenly became clear. In the spacious space, a cool breeze hits the face, and the blower ejects a strong airflow from the face, which makes people feel refreshed. The bright skylight poured in through the wide window, and the eyes could not adapt. It feels like walking from the sultry bottom of the Titanic to the top deck. "This will blow out carbon dioxide, which will take away hydrogen. Hydrogen has good heat transfer performance and is the cooling gas of the generator rotor. " Zuo Yuxuan wiped the sweat on her face with her hand and never took off her helmet.

Although the heat disappeared, the vibration became stronger. The vibration source is several meters away. The multi-radius turbine with one person makes a low whimper, and the generator with the same size is in front and connected in series with the turbine "overhead". The pipeline downstairs disappears here and connects to these two machines. As you can imagine, under the thick shell, the heavy turbine blades are driven to rotate by the roaring high-pressure steam, and at the same time, the rotor wound with coils is driven to rotate at a speed of 3000 revolutions per minute. The bearings supporting these huge components are "buried" in the cement beam slab with a thickness of more than ten centimeters under our feet, without severe jitter. And this roaring unit is enough to meet the power demand of Shenzhen 1/6. Thought of here, I seem to feel the powerful beating of the industrial giant's heart.

We walked around the unit and found an elevator to go down without taking the stairs. It is considered to have escaped the torment of the sultry "bottom cabin".

I didn't know until I came out that the clothes on my back were all wet. For a person who works in the turbine room of a nuclear power plant, there may be no concern about "nuclear radiation", but the ubiquitous high temperature and noise are really unbearable. From this point of view, it is no different from working in a thermal power plant.

In the huge turbine workshop, in fact, only Zuo Yuxuan and I are strolling. Because the induction equipment is "very advanced, the staff can fully understand the operation of the equipment outside the factory." Zuo Yuxuan gave me some necessary explanations while walking.

"What do you do?" In the corridor leading to the main control room, a serious voice stopped me at once. At this time, a man wearing a blue helmet came up to me with a straight face and carefully looked at my white helmet and casual clothes I grabbed. I took the initiative to hand him the certificate, and he whispered a few words to Zuo Yuxuan while watching it. It turns out that white hats are usually used by engineering contractors, and I don't wear overalls. No wonder industrial safety personnel are suspicious.

The main control room is a big room with no natural light at all, and the operators sit between two rows of consoles. You must take off your helmet before you enter there, because "it's terrible to accidentally fall and hit the button." The lights on the high dashboard twinkle like stars. "We must get up every half hour and inspect all the instruments and indicators. In jargon, this is called' patrolling the plate'. Our job is to find anomalies, make judgments, and then follow the program manual over there, "he pointed to the bookshelf by the wall with dozens of big books on it," and just find the corresponding disposal program to deal with it. If the nuclear power plant is a computer and the main control room is a CPU, then our operator is reading programs for the CPU. " Zuo Yuxuan nodded to the operator on duty through the glass wall and summarized the nature of his work.

The factories in Ling 'ao and Daya Bay are very similar. "Even the toilets are in the same place." Like many nuclear power workers working in Ling 'ao Power Supply Company, Zuo Yuxuan was transferred here after working in Daya Bay for four years, because the plant equipment is similar and the personnel exchange is convenient. We came to the Ling 'ao 1 unit being overhauled. The machine is not running, and the workshop is very quiet, only the whistle of the blower can be heard.

From the first floor to the top floor, I met two groups of people who asked Zuo Yuxuan for technical questions. I can't help but admire, after all, the title "silver-haired man"-I invented it to distinguish it from the "golden man" who has drunk foreign ink. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the first batch of technical backbones in Daya Bay received training in France, and the per capita learning cost exceeded 6,543.8+0,000 francs. Nuclear power people nicknamed it "the golden man". Later, a training center and a full-scale simulator were built here, which not only greatly reduced the training cost of reactor operators, but also obtained independent "hematopoietic function".

When I asked Silver Man if I could go to the reactor building to see what the reactor looked like. His eyes widened in surprise: "Inside the nuclear island? You need a more advanced pass. They strictly control the entry of irrelevant personnel, even I have never been in! However, I can take you to another place, which is also very close to the nuclear reactor. " He gave me a mysterious wink. Then he took me around and climbed a section of iron stairs to the rooftop. Under the lush mountains, two gray cylinders appeared in front of us, which are the containment of the reactor building!

This is really the closest place we can get to the nuclear reactor. Don't underestimate this humble "cement tank", which is strong enough to resist the direct impact of small planes. If converted into annual power generation capacity, each reactor contains huge energy equivalent to 2.7 million tons of coal combustion. So much coal can fill 60 thousand wagons or hundreds of huge ships, and the nuclear fuel that needs to be supplemented here is only 30 tons every year, which is less than the loading capacity of a wagon.

Suppressing my excitement, I carefully put my palm on the concrete shell, trying to feel the huge heat coming from the inside. Unexpectedly, its temperature is as cold as the color of its surface, and it is no different from any cement wall that can't get sunlight. It is no wonder that although the temperature of nuclear fuel pellets of zirconium alloy tubes can reach more than 2000 degrees Celsius during normal operation, there is a steady stream of running water to take away its heat. In addition, there are several meters of boric acid water, 20 cm thick steel pressure vessel, more than ten meters of air between us ... 6 mm steel lining, 1 m thick prestressed reinforced concrete ... how much heat can finally reach my palm? Not only can't heat pass out, but nuclear radiation can't escape. Compared with the Chernobyl nuclear power plant without containment, no matter what happens inside, radioactive liquid and gas will not leak out.

Why not paint this container in a beautiful color like other factories? I thought to myself, this big guy is too glaring, and it is simply out of place with the surrounding environment. "That's because I deliberately don't brush any paint, in order to check the tiny cracks on the shell. The color now is the true color of cement. " Zuo Yuxuan slapped the safety shell as if to test how strong it was, and said humorously, "If you put valuables here, it may be safer than the bank vault."

Zuo Yuxuan, who is over 30 years old, is a reactor operator in charge of the "golden key" of nuclear power plants. There will be no more than 200 people with this qualification in Chinese mainland. 1996 this college graduate majoring in thermal power plants did not go to work in thermal power plants like other students, but chose to come to nuclear power plants. "At that time, my family was afraid that it was not safe here and worried that there would be nuclear radiation!"

When the nuclear power plant was first put into operation, the residents nearby did not know the details of nuclear radiation, and even dared not eat seafood from Daya Bay, which led to a long-term downturn in the local fishery economy. At that time, Hong Kong people also had doubts about environmental monitoring in the Mainland. A radioactive monitoring station has been set up on the shore near Daya Bay, and a nuclear medicine clinic has been built next to it. It is reported that a tourist once returned to Hong Kong from fishing near Daya Bay and was covered with red rashes. As a result, he was treated in isolation. Later, it was found that it was only skin allergy caused by sun exposure.

However, the situation has changed now. Starting from 1987, after more than six years of construction, two units in Daya Bay were put into commercial operation in February and May of 1994. Thanks to the construction of nuclear power plants, local people got on the express train of economic development early and started cage culture. Li Guangsheng is a fisherman from Guangxi, with dark skin. "There are plenty of fish here, and you can catch a small half-cabin fish in one net"-his words are somewhat exaggerated, but it is true that there are abundant fishery resources here.

Whether the construction of nuclear power plants will bring adverse effects to the ecology has always been a concern of environmentalists. Supporters of nuclear power believe that without Daya Bay and Ling 'ao nuclear power plants, Guangdong and Hong Kong will consume/kloc-0.06 million tons of coal each year, and will produce 27 million tons of carbon dioxide, 654.38+10,000 tons of sulfur dioxide and 60,000 tons of nitric oxide, and the dust discharged into the atmosphere will increase by tens of thousands of tons. Coal is dug out of the ground with weak natural radioactivity. Sand accumulates into a tower, and thermal power normally releases more radioactive materials than nuclear power plants with the same power generation capacity. According to the investigation of China Institute of Atomic Energy, Daya Bay and Ling 'ao nuclear power plants were built with reference to similar nuclear power plants in France in the early 1980s. Since France began to use this kind of reactor, there has never been a serious accident with significant radiation consequences. Therefore, the normal operation of the two nuclear power plants in Daya Bay should not cause radiation harm to local marine life and the surrounding environment.

But the fears of opponents do not seem to be groundless. They pointed out that due to the small rivers around Daya Bay, the input of nutrients mainly depends on the open sea, and nuclear power plants have a certain impact on the surrounding ecological environment. According to the research, the main biological groups affected by trace radioactive effluents from coastal nuclear power plants are not zooplankton or fish, but benthos, but the impact is also very limited.

I stood on the hill in the factory, looking as far as I could, and the sky was as blue as washing. The verdant peaks of Nan 'ao Island can face each other across the sea. Every spring, there will be migrating egrets on the lawn less than 200 meters away from the nuclear reactor building, which becomes a scene of nuclear power plants. However, don't think that the green vegetation here is purely for beauty. "Some plants here are not native species, but we specially transplanted them to test the long-term impact of nuclear power plants on the environment." Chen Yue, an engineer wearing a white coat at the environmental monitoring station, told me that many plants in the nuclear power plant area are "indicator plants" sensitive to nuclear radiation, and pine trees are one of them. They will regularly collect pine needles to the laboratory to analyze whether the radioactivity exceeds the standard. At the same time, they will also go to the nearby waters to catch Sargassum and shellfish living on the seabed for testing. These are also good indicators. The continuous monitoring of the atmosphere, ocean, soil and biology in the past ten years shows that there is "no detectable change" in the radioactive indicators here.

Nuclear safety is the top priority here, so is Li Suju, the cleaning supervisor of the nuclear power guest house. When I saw her, she was standing at the door of my room with a stopwatch and notebook, examining the business skills of the new cleaner. It has been ten years since Li Suju came to Daya Bay from the Central Plains countryside. I found that her knowledge of nuclear energy was beyond my imagination. "Now everyone is competing for jobs. One of our business skills is to master nuclear safety knowledge and emergency evacuation plan. Although nuclear power is very safe, in the event of an accident, we can help tenants like you evacuate quickly. "

A few days later, the driver Wang Tianfeng drove me to the airport. He once transported nuclear materials in a nuclear factory in the northwest of China-in my opinion, it was a more mysterious place-and came to Guangdong with his family more than ten years ago to support the construction of Daya Bay nuclear power plant. On the way, he finally couldn't hold back his confusion and blurted out: "Nuclear power generation is essentially burning boilers! How can so many people be interested in visiting? "

I don't know how to answer. After all, there are still too few China people like me who can "explore" the two nuclear power plants in Daya Bay.