Character introduction of Zhou Bangyan (Zhou Bangyan’s contribution to Southern Song poetry)

Today, the editor will share with you Zhou Bangyan’s knowledge. He will also analyze and answer Zhou Bangyan’s contribution to Southern Song poetry. If it can solve the problem you want to know, please pay attention to this site.

Why did Zhou Bangyan, the master of Song poetry, have ups and downs in his official career?

The Wanyue school is one of the important poetry schools in ancient my country. Its style is beautiful and its writing is excellent. It mostly writes about the love of children and the meaning of parting, and has won the imitation and love of many people. The two most famous literati of the Wanyue School are Liu Yong and Li Qingzhao, but there is another person who epitomized it, and that is Zhou Bangyan.

Chen Jishi commented in "Song Ci Ju": "Zhou Bangyan's great achievement in the study of Ci is unprecedented and unprecedented. All the thousands of households in the two Song Dynasties, how many people are good at it?" The whole of it has already been concluded in the world." It elevated Zhou Bangyan to the status of "unprecedented and unprecedented" in the ancient poetry world.

Zhou Bangyan was born in 1057 AD, with the courtesy name Meicheng and the name Qingzhen Jushi, from Qiantang. Zhou Bangyan was a bit naughty when he was a child and did not listen to discipline, leaving his parents and teachers helpless. However, Zhou Bangyan liked reading very much and read many classic works, which laid a good foundation for his future creations. In 1078 AD, Zhou Bangyan came to Bianjing. At that time, it was the economic, political and cultural center of the Song Dynasty. Many famous masters lived here. Zhou Bangyan also learned more knowledge and poetry creation skills.

Six years later, in 1084 AD, Zhou Bangyan wrote a marvelous piece of work called "Biandu Fu". This work was imitated from Han Fu, but it was full of new ideas and used The form of dialogue describes the beautiful scenery of Bianzhou, praises the emperor's greatness, and praises Wang Anshi's reform. This praise was favored by Song Shenzong at the time.

Song Shenzong was quite surprised after reading "Biandu Fu", so he happily summoned Zhou Bangyan, talked with him in the Zhengshi Hall, and asked Li Qingchen to recite the article. Li Qingchen was a figure of the same period as Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi. He was also a literary giant of his generation. Although no works have survived, history books record that he "knew how to read at the age of seven and recited thousands of words a day."

But even such a civil servant who was well-read in poetry and books still found it difficult to understand "Biandu Fu" because there were many ancient and strange characters in it that Li Qingchen basically did not recognize. Li Qingchen made some calculations and felt that since he didn't know it, the emperor must not know it either. So when he read aloud, he played a little clever and read only the radicals of the words he didn't know, or read them blindly, and finally got confused. Pass.

At that time, Li Qingchen was already over fifty, while Zhou Bangyan was not yet thirty. The gap between the two can be seen from an article. But this does not mean that Li Qingchen's literary accomplishment is poor. After all, he is also a master praised by Ouyang Xiu. It only shows that Zhou Bangyan's literary accomplishment has reached a very high level.

After that, Zhou Bangyan also became famous all over the world with "Biandu Fu" and became a rising star in the literary world, sought after by countless young students. Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty also loved him very much and commended him as Taixue Zheng.

However, it was also "Biandu Fu" that made Zhou Bangyan's future career quite bumpy. After all, Wang Anshi's reform faction was just a flash in the pan. Also because of "Biandu Fu", Zhou Bangyan was classified as Wang Anshi's faction, and suffered many blows after Wang Anshi lost power.

During this period, Zhou Bangyan also wrote a poem called "Su Muzhe·Burning Agarwood", "Burning agarwood to relieve the heat. Birds call out for the clear sky, and they invade the dawn and peek into the eaves. The leaves say. The sun is rising and the rain is falling, the water is clear and round, and the wind is lifting all the flowers. When will I go? I live in Wumen and have been traveling in Chang'an for a long time. Do you remember each other in May? In a small boat, I dreamed of entering Furong Pu. "The full text is first. Writing about lotus, it was later extended from lotus to explain his homesickness. However, at that time, Zhou Bangyan could not go home because he was in the period of rising career. If he left rashly, his career development would be affected. At the same time, Zhou Bangyan also faintly revealed his pride in his poems. After all, being able to move the capital with one article was beyond the reach of ordinary people.

Later, as Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty headed west, Zhou Bangyan was also pushed out of the capital and went to serve in local areas. This was undoubtedly a huge blow to Zhou Bangyan, but it also had advantages, that is, he learned more about the local customs and customs and enriched his knowledge. It is often said that creation comes from life, and Zhou Bangyan used this period of his life to create masterpieces such as "Laofo Pavilion: Dark Dust Gathering", which expresses resentment and resentment when talents are not appreciated.

"Dark dust gathers everywhere. The view from the building stands out, reflecting the solitary pavilion. The clear leakage will be short. I am tired of hearing that the night is long, and the sound of signatures moves the book curtains. The osmanthus flowers are full. I walk leisurely and the grass is exposed, and I prefer the remoteness. .

The flowers are fresh and graceful. Looking at the winding road, the city is shaded by the river bank. The tired travelers are the most desolate, drunk and leaning on the willow line across the willow line, still like Bian dike or rainbow beam across the water. Look at the waves_Spring lanterns, the boats are like arrows. See you again this trip. I lament that old friends are rare to meet, and my thoughts are empty and confused. My eyebrows are sad, who can I relax to? "

The image of a "sleeping and tired guest" emerges vividly on the page. The loneliness of traveling through time still touches people's hearts. In the words, Zhou Bangyan misses Bianjing very much.

After that, When Emperor Zhezong of the Song Dynasty ascended the throne, he transferred Zhou Bangyan back to Bianjing because of his outstanding literary talents. After that, Zhou Bangyan's official career went smoothly for nearly two decades. During the period of Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty, he served as the deputy director of Huiyou Pavilion. He was promoted to the Dasheng Mansion to be in charge of the music organization. This gave Zhou Bangyan more energy to create. He was proficient in music and good at writing lyrics. He created new lyrics such as "Six Ugly" and pioneered the rhythmic lyrics school.

Later, Cai Jing took control of the court, and Zhou Bangyan was very dissatisfied with Cai Jing's conduct and was unwilling to join forces with him. This angered Cai Jing and was demoted again. Due to the acclimatization, Zhou Bangyan passed away within a few years.

Zhou Bangyan did not see the Jingkang Disgrace happening, so his works do not contain the unique nostalgia for the motherland of the Southern Song Dynasty literati.

It makes people feel sad that such a master of Song poetry. , but his life was full of ups and downs.

Zhou Bangyan’s contribution to the history of poetry

Zhou Bangyan (1057-1121), named Meicheng, was born in Qiantang, Zhejiang. Unruly, he traveled along Jiangxi Province and visited Jingzhou. Later, he studied in Taixue and became an official by presenting "Bianjing Fu" during Huizong's reign. Cai Jing said that he "went to the mountains and rivers of Yugong and was among the officials of Zhou". It was the eve of the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty.

Zhou Bangyan had a similar life experience to Liu Yong in his early years. However, his era and later life are different from Liu Yong's. Compared with Liu Yong's, Zhou's Ci has a lighter atmosphere of prodigal and a stronger sense of helping others; the content is much thinner and less intense. The words and sentences are more beautiful, the rhythm is stricter, and there are more changes in composition.

Erotic feelings and restraints account for almost all of his "Qingzhen Ci", including those that chant about things or festivals. These works not only reveal his own taste in life, but also cater to the appetites of the lustful scholar-bureaucrats in that decadent dynasty. Due to the thinness and boring content, Zhou Bangyan can only compete with pronouns. For example, "Liangchan" represents the moon, "Liangchui" represents the wind, "Cuibao" represents the bamboo, etc. I like to use the techniques of ancient poetry and poetry to practice words and sentences, such as "The plum wind ripples on the ground, and the rainbow rain and moss grow" ( "Passing the Qin Tower"), "The young willows are clear, and the old stream stops raining" ("Xi Ping Le"), etc. I like to incorporate the poems of the past into the lyrics, such as "One night the east wind blows, the begonia flowers fade, and the curtains are rolled up to watch" ("Xi Ping Le"). "Youth Travel" "Jingzhou Composition"), using the Hanok poem "Lazy Up", "Planning for a long time, yellow reeds and bitter bamboos, planning to sail across the Jiujiang River" ("Mantingfang" "Summer Lishui Wuxiang Mountain Composition"), using Bai Juyi's "Pipa Xing". He is also good at describing what he wants to express through various methods of memory, imagination, association and so on. These methods are the specialty of "creating feelings for literature" since the Wei and Jin Dynasties. Zhou Bangyan used this technique to write slow poems and make those erotic contents more beautiful. Therefore, his poems were not only appreciated by the supreme ruler at that time, but also had a market among the scholar-bureaucrats in feudal society since the Southern Song Dynasty.

The preferable ones among Zhou Ci are a few works that express travel and military activities and nostalgia for the past, such as "Lanling King", "Xihe", "Jinling nostalgia", etc.

What Zhou Bangyan did actually coincides with the law of the development of literature and art, from emphasizing content to form. As a poet of graceful words, since the content of his words has been renovated to the extreme by Dongpo, he must be surprisingly successful in form. He is good at music and has engaged in "professional composition", so he is able to meticulously craft, study sounds and words, do a lot of precise finishing work in reviewing and revising lyrics, expand the field of music, and have many skills in lyric writing. New initiative. He was more able to compose his own music and created new lyrics such as "Six Ugly". In short, he inherited the achievements of Liu Yong, Qin Guan and others, pioneered the metrical school, and contributed to the art form of Ci.

Why is it said that Zhou Bangyan is the master of Ci? What are the characteristics of his words?

When mentioning Zhou Bangyan, we will definitely think of the evaluation of Mr. Wang Guowei, a famous ci critic: "Lao Du in ci poetry must be Mr. Lao Du!" It can be seen that he is comparable to Li Bai and Du Fu, which means that Zhou Bangyan Kuniyan is the master of Ci.

Now let's talk about why Zhou Bangyan, who has a well-organized code of conduct, can be called a master of Ci?

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What is Zhou Bangyan’s life like?

When Zhou Bangyan was a boy, he was relatively undisciplined, but he was very studious and liked reading, which also paved the way for his subsequent literary creation. During the reign of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, he became a student of Taixue, which later became the Imperial College during the Ming and Qing Dynasties and was the highest academic institution in ancient times. Later, Shenzong carried out Wang Anshi's reform, which achieved outstanding results. At that time, Zhou Bangyan wrote a "Biandu Fu" dedicated to the emperor. This eloquent 7,000-word article imitates the famous "Erdu Fu" from the Han Dynasty, and the content praises the reform. It is said that there are some ancient characters in the article that even the ministers of the court do not understand and cannot read accurately.

As soon as this article was published, Zhou Bangyan began to become famous all over the world. He was also promoted to Taixue Zheng by the court, which was almost his teacher. Soon he began to travel around the country, serving as a professor in Luzhou and the magistrate of Lishui County. Later, Zhou Bangyan was recalled by the emperor and asked him to recite "Biandu Fu" again. After that, he stayed in the capital and served as an official. He also served as the prefect of various places, such as Shunchang Prefecture (now Fuyang, Anhui) and Mingzhou (now Ningbo, Zhejiang).

When Huizong succeeded to the throne, he established Dasheng Mansion, the highest musical institution of the imperial court, and Zhou Bangyan became one of them. But later he was transferred to another place as a prefect. In his later years, his reputation was stained because he had a close relationship with one of Cai Jing's comrades. At that time, the Northern Song Dynasty was on the verge of decline, and there were constant internal and external troubles. One year before Zhou Bangyan's death, Fangla revolted, and only six years after his death, the Northern Song Dynasty also died.

Later generations spoke highly of Zhou Bangyan, thinking that he was the master of graceful words and an unprecedented person. Although the theme of his lyrics is relatively single, there are many outstanding works handed down from generation to generation. His representative works include "Su Muzhe·Liao Agarwood", "Lanling King·Liu", "Youth Travel·Blades Like Water", etc.

Anecdotes about the life of poet Zhou Bangyan

Zhou Bangyan was a famous poet and lyricist in the late Northern Song Dynasty in China. His courtesy name was Meicheng, and his nickname was Qingzhen Jushi. He was of Han nationality and was a native of Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang), below. Let’s learn about Zhou Bangyan’s life and anecdotes together!

Life

Zhou Bangyan was a student of Taixue during the Shenzong period. He was promoted to the official position of Taixue Zheng because of his praise of the new law, and he served as an official in Luzhou. Professor, Zhi Lishui County, etc. When he was a teenager, he had a relatively scattered personality, but he liked reading very much. During the reign of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, he wrote a piece of "Biandu Fu" praising the new law.

In his later years, Zhou Bangyan had a very close relationship with Cai Jing's comrade Liu _ (note that this word is written in the Chinese pronunciation bǐng). He is proficient in music and has created many new lyrics and tunes. Most of the works are about love affairs and travel, and there are also works that sing about objects. The rhythm is rigorous and the language is elegant. Long tunes are especially good at telling narratives. It was followed by later metrical poets. In the old days, Ci theory called him "the top poet" and "the most famous poet in Ci". There is "The Collection of Muslim Laymen", which was renamed "The Collection of Katama" by later generations.

His official position is Taixue Zheng, Guozi is in charge, Huiyou Pavilion is waiting to be established, and Dasheng Mansion (the institution that manages music) is promoted. He is good at everything in poetry and prose. However, because of the name of the words, most of the poems have not been passed down. Among them, "Biandu Fu" is the most famous work, with a length of 7,000 words and has been passed down to this day. The ancient poems "God-given White" and "Crossing the Yangtze River to Mour the Tomb of Zuo Botao" are full of awe-inspiring characters, without the fragrance of Qiluo. Zhou Bangyan is recognized as the poet who "negatively deserves the name of his generation" and had a great influence in the Song Dynasty. Bangyan's poems mostly write about love affairs between men and women, chanting about things and nostalgia for the past, and about travel and military affairs. The content is narrow and the realm is not high. But he is a master in artistic creativity. His poems are good at narrative, that is, they infiltrate narration into the lyrical description of scenes, creating another realm, forming twists and turns, opening and closing turmoil, ups and downs, and developed the slow poetry of Liu Yong and Zhang Xian. . Coupled with the beautiful language and frequent use of allusions, a rich, elegant and meticulous artistic style has been formed. Representative works such as: [Youth Travel] "A Knife Like Water". In just 51 words, he not only writes stories to recreate the state of the time, but also writes dialogues. It is like seeing the people in the words and hearing their words, vividly describing the characters. His character and mentality are truly original in his words. Another song [Youth Travel], "Scattering light silk threads toward the clouds in the desert", is even better written. A small order writes two stories, connected by only the sentence "Now the sun shines brightly on the golden house" in the middle, comparing the memory of love in the upper column with the two realms of love and life in the lower column, and the beauty hidden in the golden house. Feel and recall the same sentiment in the two stories: getting together is not as long as missing each other, which is profound. Another example is the long tune "Flower Prisoner" "Pink Wall Low", which jumps and twists, cares, retracts, opens and closes, and is very particular; "Guo Qinlou" "Water Bath Qing Chan" changes the time, place, person and emotion several times, It constitutes the context of the emotional development of all events and characters; [Lanling King] "Willow" combines the feelings of departure, the thoughts of the past, the residents and travelers, old hatreds and new sorrows, people and things, emotions and situations, and they are completely integrated. Become one. Bangyan's poems have strict rhythm, exquisite style and many innovative tunes. Therefore, he is respected as the master of the Graceful School and the founder of the Metrical School, who pioneered the Metrical Ci School of Jiang Kui and Wu Wenying in the Southern Song Dynasty. Zhou Bangyan's collections include Yang Zemin, Fang Qianli, and Chen Yunping. There are 10 volumes of "Pianyu Ci" and "__ Series"; there are also 2 volumes of "Qingzhen Collection", 1 volume of collection of poems, and "Si". "Words Engraved by Yin Zhai".

Zhou Bangyan's name is taken from "Bangzhiyanxi" in "Guofeng·Zhengfeng·Laoqiu" in "The Book of Songs", which is translated as a talented person in the country. Wang Guowei's "Renjian Cihua" said: "The beauty is far-reaching, not as good as that of Europe and Qin, only the words, emotions and objects are extremely skillful, so he can be regarded as a first-rate author, but he hates that there are many creative talents and few creative talents. "It can be seen that he is also a very talented and learned person.

Anecdotes

Zhou Bangyan was a famous handsome poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. He had a close relationship with Li Shishi, the courtesan of the brothel at that time.

Once, Song Huizong fell ill. Li Shishi thought he would not come, so he secretly made an appointment with Zhou Bangyan. Unexpectedly, not long after Zhou Bangyan arrived, Song Huizong came. In desperation, Zhou Bangyan quickly got under the bed and hid.

Song Huizong specially brought fresh oranges from the south of the Yangtze River to Li Shishi. Li Shishi peeled the oranges with his own hands and shared them with each other. At the third watch, Song Huizong was about to return to the palace. Master Li also told him, "It's already the third watch. The horses are slippery and frosty. You have to be careful." All this was seen and heard by Zhou Bangyan who was hiding under the bed.

After Song Huizong left, Zhou Bangyan came out and took advantage of what he heard and wrote it into a poem "Youth Travel: Swords are like water":

Swords are like water, Wu Yan Victory over snow, slender fingers break new oranges. The brocades are beginning to warm up, and the smoke from the beasts is constantly rising. They sit opposite each other and tune the sheng.

I asked in a low voice: Who are you going to spend the night with? The city has been updated for the third time. The horses are slippery and the frost is thick, so it is better to leave. There are only a few people traveling.

This poem compares his courtship with Li Shishi to dew, and his heart like a knife. He wished he could "win" Huizong when the snow fell on the city gate, and watched Li Shishi peel off the orange peel with his delicate fingers. Faced with the cruelty of reality, Wuyan only wished for a moment of "first warmth" under the teacher's "jinyi". With lingering emotions, he sat down across from him and listened to his teacher playing the piano and playing the strings.

Quietly asked: Where to stay at night? Quoting what Li Shishi said to Huizong, "It is already three o'clock in the city, and the horses are slippery and frosty." It means that Li Shishi's intention was to send Huizong back, so he came after Huizong "sent out". This "less traveled" is a perfect opportunity to meet. Praise the teacher for his wit. Master Li liked it very much and accepted it with a smile. At dawn, Zhou Bangyan hurried back alone. (Another saying is that the translation in "Young Travels·Bing Dao Ru Shui" is: The road is slippery and frosty, and few people are walking, so why not leave. This is to persuade Huizong to "stop".)

< p>Unexpectedly, one time after a dispute with Song Huizong, Master Li sang the lyrics "Youth Travel" in front of Huizong. As soon as Song Huizong heard it, he knew that what happened at Master Li's house that day was known to others. . He asked Li Shishi who wrote the lyrics. Master Li didn't dare to hide it and said it was Zhou Bangyan. So, the next day, Song Huizong ordered Zhou Bangyan to be demoted from the capital.

When Song Huizong went to Master Li's house again, Master Li was not there. After a while, Master Li came back, but his eyes were red, and he had obviously cried. Song Huizong asked her where she had gone, and Li Shishi said that she had given her away. Song Huizong immediately asked her if she was sending Zhou Bangyan away. Master Li nodded. Song Huizong asked: "Did he write anything else?" Li Shishi said that he had filled in a song "Lanling King Liu". Song Huizong asked her to sing, and Li Shishi sang:

The willows are straight, and the smoke is silky and green. On the Sui Embankment, I have seen several times that the water is floating in the water to see people off. Climb to see your homeland. Who knows, a tired guest in Beijing? Changting Road, with each passing year, should be folded for more than a thousand feet.

Looking for old traces. He drank wine while mourning, and left the banquet with the lamp shining. Pear blossom and elm fire promote cold food. I am worried that the wind is fast with an arrow, and the waves are warm with half a pole. I turn around and count the posts after a long journey, looking at people in the north.

Sorrowful and filled with hatred. Farewell, Pu lingers back, Tianjin is quiet. The setting sun slowly makes spring infinite. Reading the moon and pavilion, holding hands, listening to the flute on the exposed bridge. Thinking about the past is like a dream, with tears falling secretly.

After hearing this, Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty felt that Zhou Bangyan was indeed a talent, so he pardoned him and let him be promoted to Dasheng Mansion, which specialized in music and dance.

Zhou Bangyan's famous poems

Zhou Bangyan (1056-1121), a famous poet in the Northern Song Dynasty of my country, had the courtesy name Meicheng and the nickname Qingzhen Jushi. He has been an official of Taixue Zheng, a professor of Luzhou, and an acquaintance of Lishui County. During the reign of Emperor Huizong, the Huiyou Pavilion was waiting to be established and promoted to Dasheng Mansion. He is proficient in music and has created many new lyrics and tunes. Most of the works are about love affairs and travel, and there are also works that sing about objects. Metrically rigorous. The language is elegant and elegant. Long tunes are especially good at telling narratives. It was followed by later metrical poets. The old-time ci theory called him "the top ci writer"!

The famous classics include "Su Muzhe", "Die Lian Hua", "Man Ting Fang", "Bodhisattva Man", etc.

This is another classic poem "Youth Travel" by Zhou Bangyan, so let's read this poem together!

Youth Travel

Song Dynasty: Zhou Bangyan

The clouds are scattered in the desert, and the pavilions are light in spring. The willows weep and the flowers cry, the nine streets are heavy with mud, and the swallows fly late outside the door.

Now the golden house is bright and beautiful, and the spring scenery is on the peach branches. Unlike that time, the bridge was covered with rain, and the two of them knew each other secretly.

First film: "The morning clouds are scattered with light silk, the pavilions are light in spring. Willows are weeping and flowers are crying, the nine streets are heavy with mud, and the swallows are flying late outside the door." On a spring day, the scenery is not like that It's gorgeous, but it's also lush. At that time, a pair of lovers met in a small, narrow building. They were affectionate and told the lingering love words from the bottom of their hearts. It was raining heavily outside the window at this time. The rain wet the flowers and willows downstairs, and also wetted the swallows living under the eaves. As we write this, we can see that the scenery at this time is beautiful, and it also reflects the romantic meaning of the couple's date.

However, as soon as the poet Zhou Bangyan changed his writing style, the mood suddenly changed: the lovers quickly walked down the stairs. They walked separately on the muddy path in heavy rain. It turns out that the lingering atmosphere described by the poet was to pave the way for the two's final separation. Such a sentimental farewell makes the flowers and willows seem to be crying in the rain, and the swallows are also full of sentimentality and fly much slower than usual. Here the poet again personifies the willows and swallows, and their different expressions reflect the reluctance and sadness of the lovers when they parted.

The next film: "Today, the golden house is beautiful and bright, and the spring scenery is on the peach branches. It is not like that time, when the small bridge is raining, and the two people hate each other." It leaves the sad atmosphere of parting and farewell in the first film. The poet Zhou Bangyan The pen turned again, and one day many years later, it was still a warm spring day, and the peach blossoms were in full bloom on the branches, beautiful.

The lovers from many years ago are now together. Now they no longer have to walk on the muddy road and have secret dates in the pouring rain. But this carefree life together in front of us is not as interesting as the tense, miserable, and missing each other scene at that time.

Looking at this poem by Zhou Bangyan, the poet used the beautiful description of the scenery to create a romantic scene of the lovers dating. After that, the poet suddenly changed his writing style, and through the crying of Hualiu, The labor of the swallows reflects the reluctance and sentimentality of the lovers' parting. After that, the poet's writing style changed again in the second piece, from the sorrow of separation in the first piece to the romantic long-term staying together. A true interpretation of "lovers will eventually get married"!

In the poem, Zhou Bangyan's writing style suddenly changes many times. Such graceful technique is impressive!