Du Fu built Du Caotang.

When Du Fu arrived in Chengdu, it was the end of 759, and he was staying at Huanhuaxi Temple outside the western suburbs. After the New Year, he found a piece of wasteland near Huanhuaxi, reclaimed an acre of land, and prepared to build a hut under a 200-year-old nanmu.

But where did he get the money?

At this time, the envoy of Chengdu Yin and Jiannan Xichuan was Pei Mian. Although this man is not noble in character, he and Du Fu are old friends. Du Fu wrote a poem before he arrived in Chengdu, praising Pei Mian as the pillar of the country. Shu people are lucky to have him guarding Chengdu.

But Pei Mian seems to have nothing to say. Fortunately, Du Fu has many relatives and friends in Chengdu. Gao Shi served as a secretariat in Pengzhou, near Chengdu, and sent money and food in time. Cousin Wang Shiwu crossed the wild bridge and brought the construction cost, which made Du Fu very moved. I hope my cousin will come and go often to ease his sadness of leaving his hometown.

After that, Du Fu wrote poems everywhere for help, asked Xiao for 100 peach saplings, asked Xu Wei for Mianzhu in Mianzhu County, asked He Yong for Q: and wood for three years, and personally went to Xu Qing's house to move back a bundle of fruit seedlings. In addition, he heard that the porcelain bowls in Dayi were light and solid, so he wrote poems for Wei Ban and took a lot of white porcelain bowls.

In this way, with the help of everyone, after two or three months, the thatched cottage was built in late spring.

Du Fu Caotang in Chengdu, Sichuan

This thatched cottage is located outside Stalagmite Street in Bijifang, with Wan Li Bridge in the south and Baihuatan in the north. A few steps to the west is Huanhuaxi. Standing at the north window, you can see the Xiling, which is covered with snow all year round. Du Fu planted flowers and trees around the thatched cottage again, which soon blossomed.

Later, Du Fu asked the painter Wei Yan to draw two fine horses on the east wall of the thatched cottage. He saw that Wang Zai's landscape paintings were wonderful, so he probably asked for a few to hang in the thatched cottage. Now, both inside and outside the thatched cottage are full of elegant atmosphere.

Du Fu lived in this troubled times for four years, and finally settled down in his new house, and his mood became quiet and broad. Looking up, it's so cute everywhere. Alnus cremastogyne was planted in a small forest, which blocked the direct sunlight. When the leaves are blown by the wind, they sing softly. In Mianzhu, the diffuse fog condenses into dew and drips gently from the tip of the leaf. Crows live in the shade with their chicks. Swallows nest under the eaves and whisper to each other all day.

At this time, he wrote a lot of pastoral poems, which were beautiful and quiet. Compared with Qin Zhou's poems when he was in the same valley, it's really like going to valley of flowers after a big storm, listening to the gurgling stream and the slight breeze, which makes people feel relaxed and carefree.

In addition to the smoke and dust in Jinli, there are eight or nine jiangcun villages.

Round lotus floating leaves, fine wheat falling light flowers.

Buzhai has been farming in the countryside on credit since he was 18.

I'm too embarrassed to ask about cinnabar.

-"For agriculture"

Du Fu said that there is a lot of smoke and noise in Chengdu, but Huanhuaxi is very quiet, and there are only eight or nine families in Jiangcun. Round lotus leaves are floating, and fine wheat leaves are light, which is pleasing to the eye everywhere. He is going to die here. Just far away from the capital, without official position and salary, I can only plant fields, crops and herbs myself, and I can't make an alchemist like Ge Hong, the county magistrate.

He is always worried about state affairs. Shortly after he arrived in Chengdu, he went to Wuhou Temple and visited the remains of Zhuge Liang. He admired this great man who devoted himself to making great contributions to the world, but he also regretted that he had not met his talent, and it was inevitable that he burst into tears.

Fortunately, friends often visit in the thatched cottage, so he picks some fresh sprouts in his vegetable field to entertain. In four blocks, there are retired county magistrates, elegant hermits, alcoholics who sell literature for a living, and simple farmers. Du Fu lived with them day and night, and his heart was peaceful. He occasionally goes out to visit friends and even goes to Qingcheng Mountain and Zhou Shu. When he and his friends were drunk, he passed the time carelessly.

In summer, the river flows steadily and the village is quiet. Swallows come and go, and seagulls are close to each other. The child bent the needle, made a hook and went fishing in the river. And his wife, Yang, who has worked hard for half her life, can finally enjoy a few days of peace, so she is full of childlike interest and draws a chessboard with paper and plays Go with Du Fu. Sometimes, when the weather is sunny in summer, the husband and wife sit on the boat with tea and sugarcane juice and watch the children happily plunge into the water.

The Map of Fujian in Chai Men drawn by Chen Zhou in Ming Dynasty.

This painting takes the artistic conception of "Twilight in Baisha Qingzhu Village, New Moonlight in Chai Men" in Du Fu's "South Neighborhood", and depicts the scene that the host and guest are reluctant to part after Du Fu's visit to South Neighborhood.

The days passed day by day. However, this quiet life has no solid economic foundation, so it often turns up some storms. Du Fu has a big family, two sons and three daughters, and about a few servants. He can't live on the meager income in the fields. He still depends on the support of officials and friends. Once the relief is not timely, it is inevitable that the whole family will starve and get into trouble.

Wan Li Qiaoxi Caotang, Baihuatan water is surging waves.

The wind in Ran Ran is green and beautiful, and the rain is red and fragrant.

The book of an old friend is broken, and the color of a hungry child is bleak.

If you want to fill the ravine, you can only let nature take its course, and the madman who laughs at himself is even crazier.

-"Crazy People"

The emotion expressed in this poem is quite subtle. First of all, he said that Caotang is located in the west of Wan Li Bridge, and Baihuatan is beautiful and charming, which is the "surging wave" in his heart. The so-called canglang uses an allusion, "the water of canglang is crystal clear and can lead me to tassel;" The turbid water in the rough waves can satisfy my feet. "That is to say, no matter whether the water in the rough waves is clear or turbid, it is natural and has no desires and requirements." Canglang is a suitable place for seclusion. In his eyes, the bamboo in the wind is beautiful and clean, and the red lotus in the rain is moist and fragrant, which is the elegance of people with rich life and quiet heart.

In fact, at this time, he often subsidizes his friends, and even the letters are broken, let alone subsidizing them. Children are often hungry and look hungry. It's pitiful. But in such a difficult situation, he lingered in the scenery, full of natural and unrestrained spirit, so he laughed at himself and starved to death and threw it into the ditch, which was also wild and wild. As he grew older, he really became more and more like a madman.

It's 76 1 in a blink of an eye. Du Fu walked by the Huanhua River and saw the peach blossom of Huang Si's family. At that time, he was very moved and wrote a poem:

There are many flowers (diameter) in Huangsi Niangniang's home, and thousands are low.

The butterflies in the flowers are dancing, and the soft yinger in freedom is just singing happily.

-"Looking for Flowers Alone by the River" (6)

Seeing the wind blowing the flowers away, he felt distressed and wrote another song:

Love flowers don't want to die, but they are afraid to spend all their years urging each other.

It's easy to drop flowers when flowers bloom to the peak. Bud, please discuss it slowly.

-"Looking for Flowers Alone by the River" (7)

However, by April this year, Chengdu was also restless. Zhang Zhang, the deputy history section of Zizhou (now Santai 10 1 county in northeast Sichuan), rebelled, calling himself King Liang, and drove out Mianzhou (now Mianyang, Sichuan) and Dongchuan as Li Huan. At this time, Cui Guangyuan, Chengdu our correspondent Yin and our correspondent Hua led the rebellion. Sure enough, he was a brave general and soon killed Duan. He felt that he had made great contributions, so he got carried away and indulged his men in looting in Dongchuan. The soldiers were red-eyed, and when they saw the woman wearing a gold and silver bracelet, they cut off their wrists and grabbed the bracelet, killing thousands of people indiscriminately, causing panic.

Du Fu listened and wrote two poems. First, he praised his contribution to quelling the rebellion with "Song of Playing Flowers", and then wrote "Flower Offering" to satirize his unhealthy trend. He often plays court music at banquets;

The city music under the overpass is soft and melodious, half of it goes with the river wind and the other half floats into the clouds.

This kind of music should only be in heaven, where can I hear it several times?

Du Fu's implication is that this piece of music is wonderful, but it belongs to the son of heaven. How to play courtiers? However, Du Fu's writing is very subtle, and Hua thinks it is a compliment to him, so that everyone can enjoy the music in the sky. Du Fu is depressed again. Chengdu, which was originally calm, gradually fell into chaos. At this time, Li Guangbi in the East was defeated by Shi Siming and lost Heyang. Luoyang will not get it back for a while.

This autumn, the wind blew hard, and the big nanmu tree in front of his house, which was as slender as a car cover, was uprooted and fell among hazel thorns, crushing the medicine garden, which made him extremely sad. The thatch on the roof was swept away by the wind, and the rain leaked at home all night, which made him even more worried. He sang the famous "The Hut Was Blown by Autumn Wind":

In August and autumn, the wind roared and rolled up my three hairs.

Hair flew over the river and sprinkled on the periphery of the river. The highest one hangs a long forest tip, and the lower one floats to Shentang 'ao.

The children in Nancun bully me. I am old and weak, and I can stand being a thief across the street.

Holding the hair in the bamboo pole openly, your lips are hot and your mouth is dry! Come back and sigh with a stick.

This is the first paragraph of the poem, which tells that the wind roared, and the thatched roof was blown over Huanhuaxi, hung on the treetops, or sank into the pond, and was finally taken away by the children on the other side. Du Fu's thatched cottage is hard-won, and it is inevitable that he will feel distressed, but even if he cries, there is no way but to look back and sigh.

In an instant, the wind will set the color of the clouds and ink, and the autumn will be bleak and dark.

This cloth has been as cold as iron for many years, and Joule has been lying down and cracking.

There is no dry place in the bedside table, and the feet are numb with rain.

In the evening, the wind stopped, the clouds gathered and it began to rain. When the thatch on the roof is sparse, the rain leaks into the house, and the ground at the head of the bed is all wet. The family slept in the bed, and the quilt was used for many years, and there was no money to change it. The cotton was tied together, and the child cracked it and covered it, like a piece of iron, hard and cold. On sleepless nights, Du Fu's thoughts drifted further and further:

What's the point of getting wet all night?

There are tens of millions of luxury houses in Ande, which greatly protect the poor people in the world from the spring breeze and the wind and rain!

Oh! When I suddenly see this house in front of me, I will freeze to death alone!

Since the Anshi Rebellion, I have been wandering and restless, and I have been unable to sleep well. This kind of sadness made it more difficult for him to fall asleep on the night when the cabin leaked rain, and it seemed that he could not wait until dawn.

However, Du Fu is a man with great ambition and atmosphere. After lamenting his own experience, he suddenly changed a pen and thought of the sufferings of scholars all over the world from his cold. He hopes that thousands of houses will suddenly appear in front of him, so that the poor people can live and work in peace and contentment and get a happy face. If you can do it, you will be willing to freeze to death. Du Fu's feelings of benevolence and righteousness are sincerely revealed and touched the world on this cold rainy night.