Briefly introduce the history of automobile development in two or three hundred words.

At present, Chery, the fastest-growing independent development enterprise in China, is often called a dark horse in media reports, because this enterprise that produces its own brand cars seems to have suddenly emerged from the ground and started explosive growth as soon as it was born. Chery Automobile Co., Ltd. originated from the automobile project of Wuhu Municipal Government in Anhui Province. Wuhu local government has wanted to do automobile projects for a long time. 1992- 1993 during the period of overheating, a village-run factory in Wuhu knocked hundreds of cars a year, which was the output value of more than one billion. This phenomenon has attracted the attention of the leaders of economically backward local governments, and the idea of drying cars has emerged. The original plan was to cooperate with FAW, but I found that the other party didn't put themselves in the eye at all, and finally decided to do it myself. Looking back at history, the biggest driving force for Wuhu automobile project to evolve into an independent development enterprise comes from ignorance (it is difficult to simply dry the car), but the ignorant are fearless. Today's Chery leaders are no longer ignorant, but the fearless spirit has penetrated into the organizational genes of this enterprise and continues to carry forward. The leaders of Wuhu, Anhui Province, who wanted to go to the automobile project, learned that an engine production line of Ford in England was to be sold during the inspection of European automobile industry in May 438+0995+10, so they seized the opportunity to start the project. Due to the restriction of national policy on the car project, it can only be carried out in secret, so the internal code of this project is "95 1 Project" (that is, the number one project in Anhui during the Ninth Five-Year Plan period), and the public name is "Anhui Auto Parts Industry Company (Preparatory Office)", which has been kept low-key. It can be seen from this mysterious code name that Anhui Province must have secretly given support to this project. In an economically backward area like Wuhu, it is not easy to find people who can make cars. 1995, when the Wuhu delegation visited FAW, they found Yin, a fellow villager. Yin 1983 graduated from Hefei University of Technology, majoring in automobile engineering, and then worked in FAW 12.5 years. He used to be the workshop director of FAW-Volkswagen, and was elected as "Top Ten Outstanding Youth" of FAW, which made him famous in FAW. After discovering the talents in this area, Wuhu stubbornly insisted on inviting Yin back to Wuhu to preside over the automobile project. Moved by each other's sincerity, I finally accepted Yin's invitation. When Yin went to Wuhu to form a team, there were eight people in the whole project, which was later listed as "Eight donkey kong" by Chery history. The core team after the Eighth donkey kong was more than 50 people gathered at 1997. Among them, Minister Lu of the Car Body Department and Da Gao, the project manager of the son of the Orient, were Yin's classmates at the Polytechnic University and were cheated by Yin. Minister Lu was originally in Anhui An Kai Bus Company, and Yin was the first to find him. The two of them broke their fingers and figured out who among the students was still doing technical work, so they remembered Da Gao, who had worked in Shijiazhuang Automobile Factory. They still remember that Yin stood in a clearing full of weeds and excitedly told them where the engine factory, the center and the assembly factory were ... although these were pies drawn out of thin air. As Da Gao said, Chery's biggest attraction is that it can drive its own car. What impressed him was not the pie Yin painted on the wasteland, but the Chery prototype he was led into the shed to see. At that time, he only felt that his eyes were shining and the meaning of life was just that, so he joined this team with only 50 people at that time. Gao Xiao, the project manager of QQ, graduated from 1997 Hefei University of Technology majoring in automobile. He was attracted by Yin at the job fair and was persuaded to join Chery. Taking advantage of his relationship in FAW, Yin also invited some people from FAW to help. It is said that FAW still has 100 people working in Chery. 196 "95 1 Project" purchased the engine product technology and a production line of the British Ford Company for $25 million. At first, the British sent more than 20 people to help with the installation, but these people were lazy and drank at night. Yin simply asked the British to return home early, and at the same time detained $4 million in payment for goods on the grounds that they did not complete the task according to the agreement. Get rid of the British and do it yourself. When the production line is completely installed, the withholding of $4 million has not been spent. Since then, the resume provided by Chery is: Chery Automobile Company broke ground on more than 800,000 square meters of land in Wuhu Economic Development Zone in March 1997; Anhui Auto Parts Industry Company, invested by five companies affiliated to Anhui Provincial Government and Wuhu Municipal Government, was formally established at the same time, with a registered capital of 65.438+752 billion yuan. In June 5438+10 of the same year, the engine workshop (building area of 75600 square meters) was completed and put into use; After 13 and a half months of installation and debugging, the first engine was successfully off-line in May 1999, and the ignition was successful once. 1September 1999 CAC478/480 engine passed the product appraisal at one time. This report may cover up two facts. First, the investors of this project may not be able to pay that much money at that time. Because the national industrial policy at that time required that the newly-built automobile enterprises must belong to large groups, this new enterprise emerging from Wuhu, Anhui Province had enough motivation to make itself bigger so as not to be despised by large groups. In addition, industrial policies also limit the investment threshold of automobile projects, and investments below 65.438+0.5 billion yuan are not allowed at all. Second, Chery people introduced the company's history and always said: at the beginning of the project, they just wanted to produce automobile engines, but when they got on the engines, they had to find a market and naturally entered the whole vehicle manufacturing. In fact, from all angles, it is enough to judge that the goal of "95 1 Project" is to build a complete vehicle from the beginning, and the engine project is to build a complete vehicle. So at that time, while implementing the engine project, the whole vehicle project has also started. In fact, Chery's first car was planned in 1995. This model (Fengyun) is an imitation of Jetta chassis. Yin once worked in FAW-Volkswagen Jetta and knew the chassis technology of Jetta like the back of his hand. The car body was also designed on the basis of imitation, and then a mold manufacturer in Taiwan Province Province, Fuzhen Company, was invited to develop the mold. Chery invited an old engineer retired from FAW to Taiwan Province Province to supervise the mold development process. When the first unpainted body-in-white was molded, the old engineer who went out to build a China car again burst into tears on the spot. Before the prototype of/kloc-0 came out in March, 1998, the construction project of the automobile factory (including four production lines of stamping, welding, spraying and final assembly) of Anhui Auto Parts Industry Company had already started (it can be seen that "95 1 project" has been planned for a long time). 199965438+February, the first car of Anhui Auto Parts Industry Company rolled off the assembly line. In 2000, Anhui Auto Parts Co., Ltd. produced more than 2,000 cars. In order to make this unlicensed automobile production enterprise survive, with the help of Anhui Province and Wuhu Municipal Government, Chery Automobile was designated as a taxi in Wuhu and obtained a license. The cars produced by Chery, whether they meet the safety standards or not, are illegal because they are not listed in the national catalogue, and have been requested by the relevant state departments to stop production. After many efforts, under the coordination of the State Economic and Trade Commission, Chery negotiated to join SAIC. This is an unequal negotiation, because the card in SAIC's hand is Chery's life and death card: if you don't join SAIC, you won't have an account. Finally, Chery agreed to transfer the assets of 350.4 million yuan (accounting for 20% of the registered capital) to SAIC for free, but Chery put forward the principle of "four noes" to SAIC, that is, no investment, no participation in management, no risk and no dividend. In fact, there are many "no" in turn. For example, Chery and SAIC's sales network cannot be used; Chery can't learn from SAIC's management experience ... Obviously, SAIC didn't take Chery seriously at that time. 200 1 1, Anhui Auto Parts Co., Ltd. was officially renamed SAIC Chery. Chery Automobile also got the "7-prefix" catalogue published before the cancellation of the last National Machinery Bureau. Since then, all models of Chery automobile have been marked with the logo of "SAIC Chery" in the upper left corner of the rear, which makes many car buyers mistakenly think that this is a car produced in Shanghai. The word "SAIC Chery" has given this new enterprise a good market image, which is also the biggest benefit Chery gained from joining SAIC. Chery's "Fengyun" can really be said to be "shocking the listing". This is an elegant car with an engine of 1.6 liter, which belongs to the same grade as Santana, Jetta and Fukang, but the price is lower 1/3, and it received a warm response as soon as it went on the market. In 200 1 year, Chery Automobile sold 28,000 vehicles, with sales reaching more than 2 billion yuan. In 2002, Chery sold 50,000 cars, with sales exceeding 4 billion yuan. As Fengyun suddenly opened the market, Chery quickly embarked on the track of mass production. Chery can do this because it uses the supporting system developed for the localization of imported models in China. There are rumors in the media that Chery "copied" the public's spare parts supply system, which angered the public. This statement is not accurate. In fact, the reason why Volkswagen grabbed the handle was because there were parts printed with Volkswagen logo on the early Chery cars. This is not Chery's intentional infringement of the intellectual property rights of the public. It can only be said that in the initial stage, the supporting system management is not perfect. The event that Chery really had a shocking impact on the automobile market in China was the launch of three new models in one breath in 2003, namely QQ, Oriental Son and Yun Qi. On June 5438+1October 65438+July, 2004, Beijing Asian Games Village Automobile Market announced the top ten best-selling models in Beijing market in 2003 (859 models sold in Asian market in that year were ranked according to sales volume, so the winners were all selected by consumers' "currency voting"), and Geely, US, Japan and Chery QQ were both selected. According to the next day's "Jinghua Times" report, "Chery QQ is the most outstanding among the top ten best-selling models. From September last year to the end of the year, it was only four months, but it was able to squeeze into the top ten and its performance was very eye-catching. " The son of the orient, also listed in June, also won applause. On June 5438+ 10, 2004, after the voting statistics of more than 50,000 readers and netizens, the son of the orient was named "My Top Ten Favorite Family Cars in 2003" in Beijing Morning Post. In fact, when Fengyun was just in mass production, Chery began to plan new models. A new enterprise made its first model in 2000 and launched three new models in less than three years: Why can Chery's technical ability improve so quickly? It turned out that the three new cars launched by Chery in 2003 were all technically developed by an elite unit of the Second Automobile Company. At the end of 2000, more than a dozen R&D engineers from the Second Automobile Technology Center planned to leave. The direct fuse is the cancellation technology center of the second automobile plan, which is determined to take the road of joint venture. But these people were suffering from nowhere to go, because it was difficult to find a car company that wanted to develop independently in China. Later, when Chery found out, he invited them to join him. In July of 200 1 year, the advance party arrived in Wuhu, Anhui; In August, 1 1- 12 people who planned to leave all arrived in Wuhu. After these people settled down, they found more than a dozen colleagues from the former Second Automobile Technology Center, all of whom were scattered abroad. As a result, an automobile development team of more than 20 people was formed. It is called a "team" because these technicians are not only a group of elite soldiers, but also the backbone of automobile development in the Second Automobile Technology Center, and they have worked together for a long time, so they not only have their own strengths, but also have the tacit understanding and cooperation necessary for a team. Regardless of the individual level, such a team needs years of cooperation to forge. In fact, many of them have been trained in France and are the backbone of the Second Automobile Technology Center in the field of automobile development. Why did these elite troops leave the Second Automobile Company? According to one of the leaders of this team (graduate of Automotive Engineering Department of Tsinghua University 1993), the most fundamental reason is "the indifference of state-owned enterprises to technicians". He cited the following reasons: (1) The leaders of state-owned enterprises who are eager for quick success only pay attention to foreign technology and don't think their technicians are valuable, so the enthusiasm of technicians has not been brought into play. (2) State-owned enterprises do not respect the opinions of technicians. Automobile is a product with very complicated technology, and technicians must be respected in the development stage; However, state-owned enterprises are the will of the chief executive, and leadership decisions often do not consider technical feasibility. (3) Corruption in state-owned enterprises is widespread. Drawings need to be improved round by round, but suppliers always look for leaders to approve the notes, so that unqualified parts can get away with it; Technicians can only do worse and worse on defective parts. (4) There are always a group of idle people who don't work in state-owned enterprises, and they will only be cynical and make the working people feel frustrated. The final result of these factors is that everyone loses confidence in independent development. Therefore, the reason why I work hard is the enterprising working atmosphere year after year. As the only director of the R&D team of the Second Automobile Company who was less than 30 years old (28 years old), he said excitedly: "I can see my 40 s and 50 s when I am 30 years old." Soon after the team was formed, it accepted the task of designing new models for Chery. Then they worked hard for more than 8 months and designed the son of the East and QQ. The reason why the development speed is so fast is that these technicians hold their breath, so everyone has no holidays, and every day they work except sleeping and eating. A designer once set a record of not sleeping for 48 hours in a row. After completing the design tasks of Son of the Orient and QQ, the team improved on the basis of Fengyun and designed Yun Qi. They also designed the first SUV T- 1 1 and another A-series car that Chery will launch in 2004. In April 2003, all members of the team had dinner to celebrate the success of the new model design and trial production. When we were full of food and wine, someone asked us a question: If we are still in the Second Automobile, or this group of people, can we make two cars? In the end, everyone agreed that it could not be done! After they left, the independent development ability of the original car of No.2 Automobile basically ceased to exist. So, is the second automobile distressed by their departure? Did you stop them from leaving? This fact proves that design engineers are worthless as long as they don't develop independently, whether they are foreign companies or Chinese enterprises. Pay tribute to these hard-working predecessors! I hope all China people have this kind of backbone.