Kiln type

Kiln (kiln; Melting furnace; Oven is a kind of equipment for firing products with refractory materials, and it is an essential facility in ceramic molding. Thousands of years of ceramic firing history has accumulated rich kiln-making style and experience. From the open burning on the ground in primitive society, to the round kiln with steamed bread-shaped rising flame, horseshoe kiln with semi-inverted flame, Banpo dragon kiln and duck egg kiln, and now to the indoor gas kiln and electric kiln, the kiln technology is constantly improving and developing.

kind

According to the types of calcined materials, it can be divided into ceramic kiln, cement kiln, glass kiln and enamel kiln. The former can be divided into continuous kiln (tunnel kiln), semi-continuous kiln and intermittent kiln according to the operation method.

Tunnel Kiln

1, which can be divided into flame kiln and electric kiln according to pyrogen.

2. According to the heat source faced by the blank, it can be divided into open flame kiln, muffle kiln and semi-muffle kiln.

3. According to the blank carrier, it can be divided into kiln car kiln, pusher kiln, roller kiln, conveyor kiln, walking beam kiln and air cushion kiln.

4. According to the number of channels, it can be divided into single channel kiln, double channel kiln and multi-channel kiln.

5. Generally, the fuels of large kilns are mostly heavy oil, light diesel oil or gas and natural gas.

Chai Kiln: Wood is used as fuel, which is the inheritance of ancient kiln industry. Kilns such as Dragon Kiln, Steamed Bread Kiln and Hulu Kiln all belong to the category of firewood kiln. Because its combustion needs wood, it is not conducive to the protection of environmental resources, except in some traditional ceramic producing areas, which is rarely seen.

Coal kiln: it is an industrial kiln with coal as fuel. It used to be widely used, but it was abandoned or improved to use gas or heavy oil and light diesel oil as fuel because of high energy consumption and heavy pollution.

Electric kiln: It uses electricity as energy source, mostly electric furnace wires, silicon carbide rods or molybdenum disilicide as heating elements, and is fired in an oxidizing atmosphere based on the principles of electric energy radiation and heat conduction. Electronic program control, simple operation, good safety performance, suitable for various workplaces, electric kiln is a necessary firing kiln for many ceramic studios.

Gas kiln: It uses liquefied gas, coal gas or natural gas as fuel, with strong firepower and little pollution, and is suitable for firing in different firing atmospheres. It is the most widely used kiln at present.

structure

Kiln usually consists of four parts: kiln chamber, combustion equipment, ventilation equipment and conveying equipment. Most electric kilns use electric wire, silicon carbide rod or molybdenum disilicide as heating elements. The utility model has simple structure and convenient operation.

In addition, there are many kinds of atmosphere kilns and electric porcelain kilns. Whether the kiln structure is reasonable and the type selection is correct is directly related to product quality, output and energy consumption. It is the key equipment in ceramic production.

development trends

Faced with the reduction of traditional energy reserves and the soaring energy prices, the energy-saving situation in the ceramic industry is very severe. Around this new topic, ceramic industry at home and abroad are studying and developing new sintering methods, forming a new development trend. Such as a new ceramic microwave sintering process. According to relevant information, the research on the theory of microwave sintering of ceramics has achieved results, and many kinds of ceramics have entered the implementation stage, such as special ceramic products, such as small ceramic gears, knives, sealing rings, etc., which can be fired by microwave sintering process. Microwave sintering process of ceramics has the advantages of energy saving and short sintering period. Especially, the fine ceramic products fired at high temperature or even ultra-high temperature of 1350℃ ~ 1600℃ need several hours to more than ten hours by traditional firing method, and it takes only a few minutes by microwave firing, which is amazing. 20 17 the international aerospace industry needs a large number of ultra-high performance precision ceramic utensils and components, which provides new opportunities for the development of microwave kiln and firing technology. New progress has also been made in the automatic control of the bell top kiln. Bell top kiln, as its name implies, is a kind of kiln shaped like a tall clock. When firing, the kiln body should be covered with tall products and then ignited. Hang the bell jar after ignition and put it aside. Zhongding kiln is especially suitable for firing super-large sanitary ware and insulator electric porcelain.

20 18 the ceramic kiln industry in all countries is rooted in their own actual needs. Juxing insists on high-tech innovation and independently develops new kilns, which is very successful in many aspects and has a lot of experience worth learning from.