Huang, the author of Yan Lvxuan

Author Gao Qi, a poet in Ming Dynasty. Ji Di was born in Changzhou (now Suzhou, Jiangsu). At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, he lived in seclusion in Qingqiu on the Wusong River, so he was named Qingqiuzi. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, he was ordered to enter the DPRK to revise the history of the Yuan Dynasty, and was awarded editing by the Hanlin Academy. In the third year of Hongwu (1370), Zhu Yuanzhang planned to appoint him as the right assistant minister of the Ministry of Finance, but he refused to go and returned to Qing Dynasty as a disciple to support himself. Later, Zhu Yuanzhang was beheaded in Nanjing through the case of Wei Guan, the magistrate of Suzhou. Gao Qi was a famous poet in the early Ming Dynasty, and he was also known as "the four outstanding poets in Wuzhong" with Yang Ji, Zhang Yu and Xu Ben. His poems are vigorous and talented, and began to change Li Jue's poetic style since the end of Yuan Dynasty. Learn poetry and learn the strengths of many families, without paranoia. However, from Han Wei to Song Dynasty, he died in his prime and failed to create an independent style. Poetry reflecting people's life is simple and true, full of life breath. Hanging in the arms of the past or expressing, he has placed deep feelings and unrestrained style. There are collections of poems, The Complete Works of Gao Taishi, Poems, Ci Collection and Fishing for Boat Collection.

Gao Qi is a detached Geng Jie, whose thoughts are based on Confucianism and influenced by Buddhism and Taoism. He hates state affairs and does not envy fame and fortune. So, in the autumn of the third year of Hongwu (1370), Zhu Yuanzhang proposed to appoint him as the right assistant minister of the Ministry of Finance, but he refused to accept his resignation and was given gold, silver and jewels. But Zhu Yuanzhang suspected that his poems satirized himself and made him jealous. Gao Qi returned to Qingqiu and became self-sufficient by teaching. Wei Guan, the magistrate of Suzhou, restored the old foundation of government governance, for which Gao Qi wrote On Liang Wen. Because the old government base was originally the site of Zhang Shicheng Palace, someone falsely accused Wei Guan of disloyalty and Wei was punished. Gao Qi also suffered collective punishment.

When Gao Qi was young, he was famous for his poems, and he was also known as the Four Masters of Wuzhong with Yang Ji, Zhang Yu and Xu Ben. His literary thought advocates learning from Han, Wei, Jin and Tang Dynasties, and getting married after learning from ancient times. He believes that it is necessary to be a model, to simulate the current situation, to keep pace with the times, and to form a family, so as to be generous and avoid the disadvantages of her husband's paranoia (Preface to Duan Ji). But he died young and never achieved his goal of becoming a family. His poetry system is different and his styles are diverse, and there are traces of imitation in learning the styles of Han, Wei, Jin and Tang Dynasties. But he is brilliant, gentle and has many excellent poems. He is one of the best poets in the Ming Dynasty.

Gao Qi has only been an official for three years and has lived in the village for a long time, so there are some descriptions of farmers' working life in his poems, such as herding cattle, fishing, sericulture, shooting ducks, logging, threshing wheat, picking tea, Tian Jiaxing and watching mowing grass. These poems do not idealize rural life, but reflect class exploitation and people's sufferings to some extent. Such as "Huzhou Song to Chen Taishou" wrote: the grass is boundless and the water is gurgling. Go to Tian Wu, go to the next field, and Nakata has a cow's tail, which is not enough to lose official business. Hou Laisong shook his head and listened to Nong try to sing Huzhou songs. Huzhou Song, quietly ended, a few bleak and deserted months. Other poems, such as "Training the Old to Hide Farmers", "Crossing the Fengkou Battlefield", "Smelling spearmen leaving Yuecheng at night to invest in mountain niches" and "Dashui", also describe the sufferings of farmers and soldiers under natural and man-made disasters. These works are the essence of Gao Qi's poetry.

Nine times out of ten, Gao Qi's poems are written by individuals to express their feelings, travel around and reward their friends. This kind of poetry is sometimes slightly ironic to the ruling class. For example, the seven clouds in the five ancient "feelings": the road is straight, the end of the road is dangerous □, a glass of wine goes out of the lungs and liver, and it is doubtful for a while. Tian Pai Dou Ying and Zhao Gao falsely accused Reese. Dumping a lot of fakes is a waste of the real disaster base. Exposed the internal contradictions of the ruling class. Another example is the third chapter of "Three Chapters of Taibai" after he became an official: Xinfengzhu is in no hurry, and slaves also have bones to seal Hou. In fact, it is a mockery of the nouveau riche in the Ming Dynasty. However, Gao Qi's thought is more complicated, and he also wrote many poems that thanked the emperor and lived in seclusion, which failed to get rid of his own class limitations.

Gao Qi's poems have certain artistic features. First of all, some of his poems advocate realism and describe the scenery in detail. Such as "Jiang Huanglian Zhu fog, wild white full of Tian Bing"; "Birds peck dead poplars, while insects lightly hang leaves"; The words "a dog follows the spring □ a woman, and a chicken calls a plowman" are novel and realistic, and all come from the true feelings of life. Secondly, pay attention to implication and have a long lasting appeal. For example, "Ditching Ballad": "The ditch is deep, and there are ten searches; This ditch is very wide, 80 feet. It's not hard to dig canals, and the Yellow River has opened more than 1000 feet. I can't see you, Jia Shangshu. " In just a few words, it came to an abrupt end, giving people a profound aftertaste. Thirdly, there are not many allusions, trying to be fluent, and some small poems with only a few sentences are mostly folk songs. For example, the song "Four o'clock at Midnight" (Part II) says: "You can't wear red makeup, and you can go out to Nanhu Road in the evening. I can't bear to return to the ship, and the lotus is like A Lang. " Comprehended as words, it is kind and touching. The creation of these poems is related to being close to the lower class when living in other places. Gao Qi's poems have a wide influence on the poems of Ming Dynasty.

So that some people regard him as the crown of poets in the Ming Dynasty.

Gao Qi also wrote lyrics, mostly dull and gloomy, not as good as his poems. His prose is not original, but the article Shubo Chicken Story is very glorious. With concise language, touching plot and legendary style in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, it created the image of a brave young man who dared to fight against the gentry.

Gao Qi's works, a large number of poems, the first five episodes, more than 2000; Later, it was self-edited as Song Ming Ji, with a total of 937 songs. In the first year of Jingtai (1450), Xu Yong collected the remains, compiled them into the Complete Works of Gao Taishi, and photocopied them according to the current four series. Gao Qi's ci was compiled as "Collection of Anti-Arrest Prescriptions" and the text was compiled as "Collection of Gully Algae", which was published in the world.

Later, he was beheaded in Nanjing because the article offended Zhu Yuanzhang! According to legend, Gao Qi did not die after being beheaded, but Zhu Yuanzhang personally supervised the beheading. After being stopped, Gao Qi touched his own blood with his hand and wrote three miserable words. From then on, Zhu Yuanzhang had nightmares every night and died soon! The trees in the lush stream are black,

Decadent river water is wet.

Open the curtains after the rain,

Spring has come for a while.

To annotate ...

Wu: There are many weeds and lush trees by the stream.

Weedy grass beside the river is swaying in the breeze.

Open the curtains after the rain,

Spring flooded into the room.