What are the advantages of inclusive kindergartens for kindergarten development, and what are the effects of policies and financial support?

At the end of 20 10, the State Council's "Several Opinions on the Current Development of Preschool Education" (referred to as "National Ten Articles") pointed out: "Actively support the development of private kindergartens, especially inclusive private kindergartens that are open to the society and have low fees. Guide and support private kindergartens to provide inclusive services through the government's purchase of services, rent reduction, compensation by awards, and stationing of public teachers. "

While emphasizing the development of public parks, the "National Ten Articles" put forward to actively support private kindergartens, which is in line with the history and reality of preschool education development. How to explore and implement the supporting policies of private parks in practice under the framework of "National Ten Articles" is one of the important tasks of preschool education development at present. Based on the analysis of the policy and situation of preschool education in Anhui Province since the promulgation of "National Ten Articles", especially the investigation and analysis of the present situation of preschool education in Baohe District of Hefei City, this paper puts forward some policy ideas to support the development of private kindergartens.

First, give preferential policies.

Local governments can classify, register and manage private kindergartens according to profit and non-profit. Non-profit private kindergartens are registered and managed by private institutions as legal persons, and for-profit private kindergartens are registered and managed by enterprise as legal persons. Non-profit private kindergartens registered as private institutions can enjoy more preferential policies.

Before classified registration, all localities can formulate relevant standards for local inclusive kindergartens, give more preferential policies to voluntary and recognized inclusive private kindergartens, and guide private kindergartens to develop in an inclusive direction.

We can learn from Wenzhou's practices in land use, investment and financing, tax reduction and exemption, etc.

On the construction land: the planning department should give priority to the planning of private schools when planning the layout of educational facilities as a whole. The land department should give priority to the construction land of private schools and ensure the land demand of private education when arranging land use indicators every year. Private schools registered as legal persons of private institutions can obtain land use rights by administrative allocation, and all construction costs are reduced and exempted and enjoy the same treatment as public schools. This policy also applies to private kindergartens.

In terms of investment and financing: improve the education investment and financing platform, set up education development investment group Co., Ltd., explore the establishment of education guarantee companies guided by state-owned assets and participated by private capital, and provide loans and other services for private kindergartens. Encourage private education associations to set up guarantee companies, actively carry out business and serve private kindergartens. Encourage financial institutions to provide credit support for private kindergartens aimed at expanding and improving school conditions. Explore the mechanism of private kindergartens registered as private institutions as legal persons to mortgage kindergarten non-teaching facilities, or to apply for loans from banks with kindergarten tuition fees and intellectual property rights pledge. Explore the mechanism for private kindergartens registered as enterprise legal persons to apply for loans from banks by mortgage of facilities or pledge of kindergarten fees and intellectual property rights. Under the premise of controllable risks, all localities should establish a low-interest loan policy for private kindergartens to support the financing of private kindergartens. For private kindergartens with standardized running and good reputation, the local government can establish a loan discount mechanism.

Tax reduction and exemption: Private kindergartens registered and managed by private institutions enjoy the same treatment of reducing and exempting construction fees as public schools, while private kindergartens registered and managed by enterprises as legal persons charge construction fees by half. Private kindergartens registered as legal persons of private institutions enjoy the same preferential tax policies as public kindergartens according to law, and do not collect business tax and enterprise income tax. Personal donations to private education through non-profit organizations in China should be deducted when calculating the taxable income of income tax in accordance with the provisions of the tax law. Investors will invest real estate equipment in private kindergartens, and no business tax and land value-added tax will be levied. Local income from enterprise income tax and deed tax shall be returned by the tax authorities according to regulations after collection. Where an enterprise invests in running a school in this city with after-tax profits, the local income of enterprise income tax corresponding to its investment amount shall be returned by the finance at the same level and fully used for running a school.

In the daily management of housing rent, utilities, property management and other expenses, local governments should require local residents to use prices or implement the same price policy as public kindergartens.

Second, the establishment of incentive funds

According to the management method of substituting awards for subsidies formulated by Hefei, the types of awards and subsidies are divided into three categories: construction, subsidy and funding.

As a "construction" subsidy, it is stipulated that if all kinds of newly-built kindergartens (including private kindergartens) are completed and put into use in autumn and the scale of the park reaches 6 classes, the municipal finance will give a one-time reward of 800,000 yuan; If the scale of running the park reaches 9 classes, the municipal financial reward will be165438+1000000 yuan; If the park scale reaches 12 classes, the municipal financial reward will be10.5 million yuan. As a "subsidy" subsidy, it is stipulated that the receiving community supporting park will be converted into an inclusive private kindergarten. If the park is opened normally in autumn and the scale of the park reaches 6 classes, the municipal finance will award 200,000 yuan at a time; If the scale of the park reaches 9 categories and above, the municipal finance will award 300,000 yuan at a time. For unlicensed private parks that have existed in urban areas for more than 3 years, the organizers will be rewarded with reference to the above standards by increasing investment and improving the conditions for running the park and obtaining the school license.

20 1 1 year, Hefei set up 80 million yuan of special funds for preschool education at the city and county (district) levels. For inclusive private parks, the government at the corresponding level grants each student a subsidy of 1000 yuan per academic year, and the district level grants 400 yuan. Hefei eligible children from poor families, the municipal finance is 2000 yuan per student per academic year, and the district finance subsidizes 800 yuan per student per academic year.

The reward conditions for private kindergartens in Baohe District of Hefei City are: remarkable achievements in improving the conditions for running kindergartens; Outstanding achievements in protection education; Remarkable achievements have been made in kindergarten management. In order to make the reward work fair and just, the district has specially formulated the Evaluation Standard of Incentive Measures, which is divided into three major items: school conditions, teaching guarantee and park management * * 100, and it has to go through three links: self-evaluation at the park level, initial evaluation at the street level and re-evaluation by the district education bureau.

The local government may determine the items and standards for the establishment of award-winning funds for private kindergartens according to local specific conditions. However, the object of award and compensation should be private parks that have made corresponding contributions to the development of local preschool education, especially inclusive private parks, so as to ensure that the award and compensation funds are really used to improve the quality of kindergarten education.

Third, support and build the teaching staff.

One of the important reasons that restrict the development of private kindergartens is the instability and mobility of teachers, and the fundamental reason for the instability of private kindergartens is the treatment of teachers. Since private kindergartens are an important part of preschool education in China, it is also the responsibility of the government to support private kindergarten teachers.

At present, the policy support for private kindergarten teachers in various places is mainly reflected in three aspects: first, personnel management, second, wages and salaries, and third, teacher development.

At present, the personnel management of private teachers implements personnel agency. The contents of personnel agency include: personnel file management, graduation, application for professional and technical post evaluation and employment, file salary adjustment, organization of personnel relationship transfer, agency of endowment insurance and housing provident fund, various job training and professional skills training, and issuance of relevant certificates based on archival materials. Generally, the educational talent exchange branch of the talent exchange center at the same level has been set up at the city and county levels, which is specifically responsible for the personnel agency work of teachers in private schools. The policy stipulates that private schools should sign employment contracts with teachers. Wenzhou stipulates that the personnel agency business funds shall be allocated by the finance at the same level, and free services shall be provided. This has done a practical thing for teachers in private schools.

Teachers in private schools pay more attention to the current salary. The salaries of teachers in private kindergartens are paid by private kindergartens, and there is no uniform standard in various places. Wenzhou stipulates that the minimum wage for teachers in private schools shall not be lower than 70% of the post performance salary of teachers in similar public schools at the same level. Ningbo stipulates that the per capita annual income of non-editing teachers with professional and technical qualifications in inclusive private kindergartens should reach more than 1.5 times of the local average wage. Local policies require private kindergartens to pay "five insurances and one gold" for teachers, and give inclusive private kindergarten teachers permission to participate in social insurance of public institutions.

Narrowing the treatment gap between public teachers and private teachers is an important measure to stabilize the teaching staff of private schools. The government can buy supplementary old-age insurance for teachers in private schools who meet certain conditions. The latest "Implementation Opinions on Encouraging and Guiding Private Funds to Enter the Education Field to Promote the Healthy Development of Private Education" issued by the Ministry of Education puts forward: support local people's governments to set up special subsidies for teachers' pension insurance in private schools, explore the establishment of an annuity system for teachers in private schools, and improve the retirement benefits of teachers in private schools.

Teachers pay more and more attention to the improvement of their own quality. At present, all localities have the knowledge of training private kindergarten teachers free of charge (or providing some training funds). Wenzhou proposed that local education administrative departments should bring the professional training of principals and teachers of public and private schools into unified planning and management, and give equal protection in training funds and attendance. The training of key principals and teachers of municipal private schools shall be guaranteed by the municipal education administrative department. Private school teachers' various business competitions, job evaluation, evaluation and so on. The indicator plan is implemented separately to ensure that teachers in private schools can occupy a reasonable proportion in the evaluation results.

Four, the issuance of early childhood education vouchers

It is a common practice all over the world to give children some financial subsidies. Since education vouchers can be used by parents independently, it is most likely that the government will subsidize early childhood education in the form of early childhood education vouchers, which will promote fair competition among kindergartens and promote education and social equity. Private kindergartens can receive education vouchers paid by parents and then receive funds from the corresponding government departments, which is actually the government's support for private kindergartens. In recent years, some areas in China have also adopted the practice of issuing early childhood education vouchers.

For example, in Nanjing, the "student vouchers for migrant children" are distributed to children aged 3-6 who have permanent residence in Nanjing, meet the family planning policy, attend kindergartens with the qualification to cash in student vouchers, and meet the relevant conditions. Children who meet the eligibility criteria will be paid 2000 yuan per person per year, once per semester, each time 1000 yuan. The specific measures are as follows: every autumn, kindergarten children who are eligible to cash their student ID cards apply for student ID cards; Kindergartens apply for student vouchers for preschool qualification examinations; The kindergarten will summarize and report the list of children in the preliminary examination and related materials to the office of the leading group for the issuance of school vouchers for children in the districts and counties where it is located; The leading group for the distribution of school vouchers for children in districts and counties will conduct an audit. If the child passes the examination, the school voucher funds will be allocated according to the facts. Parents of young children don't have "certificates" in their hands, but some are "qualifications", and their superiors allocate funds to kindergartens according to the number of "qualifications" of young children they have mastered. Nanjing stipulates that public kindergartens that hold the Registration Certificate of Preschool Education Institutions and private kindergartens that hold the Registration Certificate of Preschool Education Institutions and the License for Running Private Schools are eligible to cash in early childhood education vouchers. In addition, kindergartens that meet the "Standards for Kindergarten Setting in Jiangsu Province" (hereinafter referred to as "Provincial Standards") and have not yet obtained certificates can also redeem vouchers for children. Nanjing even stipulates that due to the lack of preschool education resources in some areas, some areas meet the conditions of "nothing" (no security risks; There are teachers, classrooms and activity venues), and kindergartens that are still ready to meet the "provincial standards" and promise to meet the standards within two years are also allowed to cash in the child-care vouchers after being examined and identified by the leading groups for issuing child-care vouchers in all districts and counties and publicized to the public. This form of "child voucher" is actually a financial subsidy given by the government to kindergartens. Private kindergartens have the same qualifications as public kindergartens, which is a great support and encouragement for private kindergartens.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) guides, coordinates, publicizes and commends.

Supporting the development of private kindergartens is not only to give financial support, but also to give guidance to the daily educational activities and management of developing private kindergartens, solve the difficulties encountered in the development of private kindergartens, coordinate the contradictions encountered, publicize and commend the private kindergartens and their staff who have made achievements, which is also an important task for the government to support the development of private kindergartens.

In Baohe District, Hefei City, in order to effectively promote the standardized, balanced and high-quality development of preschool education in the whole district, it is decided to set up a "preschool education development body", one of which is to carry out the twinning project of "public parks and private parks" to achieve mutual assistance and win-win for kindergartens of different levels and systems. Through management forums, case exchanges, leading by famous teachers, expert lectures, on-site observation, on-site visits, lectures, seminars, on-site demonstrations and other forms, we will promote all work. After more than a year's efforts, two private kindergartens taught by two first-class parks in Anhui Province were rated as first-class kindergartens in Hefei this year.

Some local governments entrust township central parks to manage and guide private parks within their jurisdiction, and even the central parks transfer directors to support private parks.

Governments at all levels should also actively solve various difficulties and contradictions encountered in the development of private kindergartens. Government departments should have special personnel responsible for coordinating the problems encountered in the daily work of private kindergartens. For example, coordinate power supply, water supply, gas supply, property, public security, health, quality inspection, taxation and other departments. It can also be coordinated by the government to promote the merger or merger of some kindergartens with less investment, insufficient students, poor conditions for running kindergartens and low quality of education guarantee, realize the integration and sharing of resources, make overall arrangements for teachers and children, and ensure the quality of education guarantee, so that those small kindergartens can survive and develop. Governments at all levels can also set up information service centers to provide private kindergartens with information on policies, talents, private education trends, community construction and so on. So as to help the leaders and employees of private kindergartens understand the whole preschool education situation and make correct choices and decisions.

Governments at all levels should also actively publicize the contribution of private kindergartens to the development of preschool education, and actively publicize the spirit of fearless and hard struggle among the organizers of private kindergartens and public kindergartens; Propagandize good teachers who are noble in morality and love children in private kindergartens; Promote private kindergartens with the characteristics of running parks and scientific education. Look at the problems existing in private kindergartens realistically, guide public opinion to evaluate private kindergartens objectively and fairly, and let the development of private kindergartens have a good social environment.

To sum up, governments at all levels can do a lot of work to support private kindergartens. Areas with good economic conditions can be comprehensively carried out and play a "combination boxing" to give both policies and money; Areas with poor economic conditions can do what they can, give more policies and less money; In areas with weak economic foundation, we can only give policies. In fact, a good policy is also a booster for career development.