What is the concept of housing planning?

Residential areas can be divided into ordinary residential areas, high-grade apartment areas and villa areas according to grades. If the community enters the circulation field and has the characteristics of goods, it becomes a commodity community. The commodity housing market is the main part of the real estate market. For different types of residential investment projects, we should conduct in-depth research and discussion respectively. Because ordinary residential areas occupy a major position in housing, the planning and design of ordinary commodity residential areas are mainly studied here.

Present situation of planning and design of residential area

1. 1

Residential area planning lacks economy. The planning and design of residential areas not only includes residential buildings. At present, the so-called green residential areas in many places often only consider the design of residential buildings, and emphasize the construction of "energy saving and land saving", "environmental protection and comfort" and "green building" in the design of residential units, while the configuration of some public buildings is too arbitrary, and residential buildings embody the principle of green saving, but they are blindly pursued in some public buildings. Or some green landscape designs pay attention to energy conservation and environmental protection in the early stage of design, but they waste water or consume serious electricity in the later stage of implementation. At present, designers often only pay attention to the total cost of real estate development when planning and designing, and do not calculate the operation and maintenance cost after the community is put into use. Only in the process of use, they found that the later operation and maintenance costs were extremely high. Therefore, at the beginning of planning and design, designers should solve the problems of economic and reasonable water sources and hydrodynamic facilities in the environmental landscape construction of residential areas, especially in the waterscape.

1.2

The functional orientation of residential area is not accurate. Residential area planning includes residential building design, public building, residential road design and residential landscape construction. A good residential area is not only a residential community, but also a public community integrating shopping, leisure, entertainment and work. Both theory and practice have proved that residential areas above the middle level not only have the function of living, but also have the function of personal development and enjoyment. However, the fierce competition in the modern market and the refinement of professional division of labor have caused the focus of planning and design of many residential areas not to highlight the comfort of residential buildings, but to plan the scale of public facilities and the details of living environment. As for the thermal performance inside the building, whether the construction quality and design are economical and reasonable is often ignored. The main functions of residential areas are more complex and diversified, and the functions of daily use are in the first place, and any other functions are subsidiary parts.

1.3

The supporting facilities in the community are not perfect. At present, in the planning and design process of many residential quarters, the investigation and research are not detailed enough. Although the high-end residential units are getting bigger and bigger, the leisure and fitness facilities in residential quarters can't keep up. Many small units are under the banner of economy and application, and they simply don't pay attention to the configuration of public facilities. There are even some communities that consider public buildings such as primary schools when designing, but when they are implemented, the original public buildings are turned into houses because of profit, which leads to many practical problems such as "difficulty in buying food" and "difficulty in parking".

Key points of residential area planning and design

2. 1

The planning and design embodies the requirements of "three sections".

The residential real estate industry has promoted the development of a series of building materials such as cement and steel, and building consumables and energy consumption account for a large proportion in the whole energy consumption. Due to the limited land resources, the future development direction of housing industry is to reflect the requirements of "three festivals". The planning and design stage is the first stage of the whole residential area project from planning to implementation, which has the greatest impact on the benefit of the whole project. The requirements of energy saving, land saving and material saving should be reflected in the planning. In the design of residential buildings and public buildings, we should pay attention to architectural modeling, the length of external walls, the use of building materials and the combination of building groups, and consider the requirements of saving land. In the implementation, we should make full use of the "four new" system of new technologies, new structures, new materials and new energy.

2.2

Perfect public facilities. The planning and allocation of public buildings are designed according to the population size of residential areas. Correctly calculating the population size of residential areas is a reliable prerequisite for determining the construction area of public buildings. At present, in the planning of residential areas, public buildings are basically configured according to the quota standard of 1,000 people promulgated by the State Construction Committee, but the natural conditions, population composition, residents' living habits and commercial service characteristics vary from place to place, so appropriate adjustments should be made within the quota range stipulated by the state according to regional characteristics.

At the same time, pay special attention to the regional location characteristics, investigate the distance and accessibility of educational facilities, medical facilities and commercial service facilities around the residential area, and increase or decrease the public service facilities inside the residential area as appropriate according to the utilization of supporting facilities around the site, so as to finally match the scale and grade positioning of public facilities with the residential area and create comfortable and fully functional community conditions.

2.3

Convenient road network design and parking facilities planning.

The internal road system in residential areas is generally divided into three-level road network systems, namely, the main roads in residential areas, road groups and roads between houses, and the road networks at all levels are interconnected. In the development and construction of residential areas, a perfect road network system can not only be convenient for residents to use, but also indirectly save traffic energy. The road planning of residential area includes not only the organization of dynamic traffic system, but also the organization of static traffic such as parking for residents. At present, many high-grade residential areas have first-class facilities, but the parking problem has not been well solved. In the design of residential road system, the allocation index of parking facilities varies according to the types of residential buildings. For example, in villa projects, every household should consider the parking problem. For ordinary residential areas, the total parking capacity of each building is not very large. You can use the basement as an underground parking garage and arrange a certain number of centralized parking spaces on the ground. The planning of parking facilities should be related to the dynamic road system, taking into account the landscape construction of residential areas, and the planning of ecological garage can be introduced where conditions permit.

2.4

Environmental landscape construction in residential areas. With the improvement of modern living standards, residents pay more and more attention to the construction of environmental landscape in residential areas. In order to gain an advantage in the competition, some real estate developers spend a lot of money on community landscape construction. Regarding the environmental landscape design, the overall effect is very important, but the environmental atmosphere, environmental visual effect, spatial proportion and composition can not be ignored, and some details should be designed to reflect economic rationality. For example, in the landscape design of water system in water-deficient areas in the north, rainwater resources or reclaimed water system can be used to save the living cost of the whole residential area, and native tree species and environmental protection tree species can be selected as much as possible in greening, thus saving the total cost of the residential area while creating a good atmosphere.

Specific steps of residential area planning and design

3. 1

Market research, find the target group, and accurately locate the housing market. The demand of target population is the purpose of real estate enterprises in planning, designing and developing residential products. Different cultural background, life experience, economic conditions, education level, family structure and personal interests lead to different concepts, needs, values and aesthetic standards of buyers, so there are different requirements and emphases on the apartment type, shape, apartment type combination, public facilities and landscape effect of houses. Therefore, planners and developers must conduct in-depth and detailed investigation and study to find the needs of different consumers, then determine the needs of target groups, and then determine the positioning level and style of the community.

3.2

Planning and design, meet the requirements of residents, and carefully build building products. Once the target market is determined, the overall planning and architectural design must be carried out according to the needs of potential customers, so as to increase customer satisfaction as much as possible. In the planning and design, it is necessary to make an in-depth analysis of the geographical features, traffic conditions, landscape environment, surrounding community environment and human characteristics of the land in this area to determine what kind of property potential consumers can buy here and the price level they can afford. Then, combined with the existing conditions of the land, according to the on-site location survey, the overall planning map of the residential area is planned and designed to determine the positioning of building units, building functions, the proportion of main units and different units, which reflects the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection in the design.

3.3 Overall design, pay attention to energy conservation and environmental protection, and concretely implement high-quality communities. In the process of planning and design, in addition to the single design, the overall effect design and the detailed environment design must be strictly planned and designed, and every small link needs to ensure quality. On the basis of ensuring quality, we should pay attention to reducing the cost of later development, construction and operation and maintenance, so as to reduce the price of real estate and improve the value of residential areas.

The planning and design of residential areas involves a wide range, which not only requires knowledge systems such as architecture, engineering, society, humanities, geography and economy, but also may be restricted by policies. We need our planners to study and investigate carefully, coordinate the overall interests in planning and design, and plan and design more residential products.