Trumpet history

The original shape of a trumpet is a tube with a mouthpiece at one end and a horn at the other end, which can reach several meters in length.

Since the15th century, the trumpet has an S-shaped curly shape, and it was not until the16th century that it was changed to an oval curly shape similar to the modern trumpet. At about 1770, I had a retractable trumpet, and later I tried to make a trumpet with a key. 1780, Johann Andrea Stantu, a German musical instrument manufacturer, made a trumpet for intubation. 1790, invented a two-tone trumpet, and then increased from two pistons to three pistons. At this point, the trumpet is basically finalized.

Trumpet timbre is clear and loud, very sharp. Not only can you play exciting melodies, but you can also play lyrical and beautiful paragraphs. Therefore, symphony orchestra, military orchestra and jazz orchestra are all common musical instruments. The alto and treble of the trumpet are the most expressive sound areas, the intensity of the alto changes the most, the bass sounds weak and difficult to play, and the treble is the best, but the volume should not be too loud.

Trumpets are generally instruments in B flat, as well as C and D keys. Clef with treble clef, the score is two degrees higher than the real sound.

Musical instrument tone: B flat.

Application clef: treble clef, shift-up and high-pitched notation.

Scope of application: small group F- small group C.

Structure: nozzle, tube and machinery. The length of the pipeline is1.355m, and the mechanical part consists of piston and piston sleeve. By pressing the piston to connect the bypass pipe, the purpose of extending the 1 pipe is achieved. There are two kinds of pistons: direct-acting and rotary.

Material: phosphor copper tube.

Musical Instrument Features: Strong timbre, bright and sharp, full of brilliance, it is a high-pitched instrument in the brass instrument family. It can not only play a loud horn, but also play a beautiful and singing melody. Using a mute in a trumpet can add mystery.

Trumpets were first used to transmit signals in the army, and became orchestras and solo instruments after17th century. Before the19th century, trumpets were limited to playing overtone series notes, but in Bach's era, many trumpets played longer than in the high-pitched area. The pitch can be changed by installing nozzles with different lengths (several tubes). About 1830, the trumpet has a valve key to facilitate playing. Trumpet is an important instrument in military bands and is also widely used in jazz bands. Besides B-flat, C-flat, E-flat and A-flat also have trumpets, but they are rarely used. Trumpets are loud and magnificent, and are mostly used to play the sound of horns and play melodies. For example, the trumpet ensemble in Verdi's Aida is magnificent and provocative. When playing the trumpet, you can also plug a pear-shaped mute at the trumpet mouth to block 70% of the exhaust volume, thus achieving the purpose of changing the timbre to express lyricism, fantasy and mystery.

Application of Modern Trumpet in Orchestra

First of all, the March article

In the orchestral works of The Romantic Period after the birth of modern trumpet and composer in the 20th century, paragraphs of marching figures occupy a prominent position. Composers like to use modern trumpet to express brilliant, victorious and magnificent musical images.

First of all, from the fourth movement of Fantasia (Towards Punishment) composed by the French composer Berlioz1803-1869+0869, we can hear the author playing a solemn and gloomy March with an ensemble of four trumpets and brass instruments. This passage is completed by a progressive dotted note without a high range. The composer pursues the harmony effect of the whole brass sound. The ensemble form and effect of trumpet and the whole brass band provided the later composers with experience for reference.

In order to make the trumpet more dramatic not only in the sense of hearing, but also in the sense of vision, the Italian composer Verdi produced an Egyptian trumpet with the length of 187 1 cm when he staged the opera Ayida in Cairo. The triumphant March in the second act is between the third and sixth natural overtones of the trumpet, and the re and fa sounds left by the natural overtones in the melody can only be achieved through the descending M-degree piston. It is used to show the celebrations and spectacular scenes when the Egyptian army returned home after defeating Ethiopia. This groundbreaking work refreshed the audience. Later, when many famous opera houses in the world staged the Ayida, they still often used this "Egyptian trumpet".

Berlioz's Phantom Symphony will produce very bright and full acoustic effects if it is played strongly. Then there is the third movement of Russian composer Tchaikovsky's Fourth Symphony, which uses the soft ensemble of brass music to play a hazy and short sound effect, showing the army marching in the distance.

The application of modern trumpet in Richard Strauss's symphonic poem Zarathustra is an example, which gives full play to the performance of modern trumpet in the aspects of speed change, strength and tonality contrast. The theme of nature solemnly played by modern trumpet makes people feel the all-encompassing greatness of the universe, and at the same time, the progression from minor chord to major chord in harmony implies a mysterious artistic conception.

Second, the horn music part

As early as the Renaissance, Baroque and Classical periods, composers began to use trumpets to play passages similar to horns in their works. This is the easiest way to play the trumpet and the best way to express the characteristics of the instrument itself. /kloc-After the birth of the modern trumpet in the 9th century, with the development of romantic music and the progress of the structure of the musical instrument itself, the trumpet-style passages have achieved new development, and the tonality and skills are far beyond any period before the birth of the modern trumpet. Composers after romanticism generally use modern trumpet to play horn passages in operas, symphonies, symphonies and chamber music. It is more diversified in form, including short inspirational Z and long singing Z, single voice and multi-voice.

Tchaikovsky (1840- 1893), a famous Russian composer, used a modern trumpet at the beginning of his Italian capriccio, playing a solemn horn tone with a strong voice. Obviously, the composer created this piece of music with natural sound series, which is directly related to the musical image that the author wants to express. This piece of music was inspired by Tchaikovsky during his stay in Rome, watching the Royal Italian Cavalry passing through the square at dusk and hearing the music played by the trumpet player in feather hat and bright military uniform.

In the third act of the Italian composer Verdi's opera Othello (Verdi1813-1901), in order to show the grand occasion of the arrival of Venetian guests, six trumpet ensembles in C key are used to play a horn composed of natural tones, and the voices are staggered one after another. Although the above two paragraphs are written in a natural musical sequence, playing these paragraphs with modern piston trumpet will produce more brilliant effects, because the player can choose the trumpet with corresponding tonality at will according to the needs of music and his playing habits.

Russian composer Rimsky-Korsakov (-Korsakov1844-1908) used the trumpet, French horn and little snare drum in the fourth movement of his Spanish capriccio, which has the characteristics of Andalusia. This trumpet-shaped paragraph breaks the previous writing method of natural sound series and uses inflection. In order to obtain fuller sound effects, the composer played this piece of music featuring triplets with modern trumpet and horn at the same time, vividly depicting colorful natural scenes and the poetic lifestyle of the Spanish people.

Probably the Austrian composer and conductor maher (Mahier 1860- 19IF) played the horn tune with a modern trumpet and made it appear many times in one movement to express the fifth symphony with different emotional colors. In the first movement (funeral March), this trumpet-shaped passage appeared, which showed the funeral procession for the first time, the premonition of death for the second time and the memory of the past for the third time. It is the first time in the history of modern trumpet performance to express such complicated thoughts and feelings with the same musical motivation, and it also poses a new challenge to the modern trumpet performance art. So far, this piece is still one of the required documents for the group examinations of major symphony orchestras in the world.

The fourth part (Heroes on the Battlefield) of the symphonic poem A Hero's Life written by German composer Richard Strauss (1864- 1949) vividly shows the use of the horn tone played by modern trumpet to express the hero's theme and reveal the hero's inner world and adventurous spirit. In this horn sound, we use (spectrum 10) a long jumping interval, a series of changing sounds and a continuous strong sound, which gives full play to the powerful power of modern trumpet.

It can be said that it is original to use the horn characteristics of modern trumpet to present the main content of the movement in the singing paragraph. In the third movement of the Third Symphony, Austrian composer Mahler used this singing passage with horn characteristics three times, which showed the mysterious atmosphere of the forest and led people's imagination to endless mountains and rivers. It is not difficult to see Mahler's preference for modern trumpet, and he has made unprecedented exploration and practice in artistic expression and playing skills. This passage is in sharp contrast with the theme of the first movement of Mahler's Fifth Symphony.