What is the application scope of BIM technology at present?

What is the application scope of BIM technology? In the booming era of the construction industry, all changes are rapid and scientific. From the traditional manual drawing, manual calculation and manual design to the popularization and promotion of CAD technology, many architects and budget designers have been liberated from the ranks of "manual". Now, the emergence of building information model (BIM) will trigger the second digital revolution in the field of engineering construction. BIM software not only brings the progress and upgrade of existing technology, but also affects the change of production organization mode and management mode, and will promote the change of people's thinking mode.

BIM model maintenance

BIM model maintenance refers to establishing and maintaining the BIM model according to the project construction progress, using the BIM platform to summarize all the construction information of each project team, eliminating the information islands in the project, and organizing and storing the obtained information in combination with the three-dimensional model, so that all stakeholders of the whole project can enjoy it at any time.

The purpose of BIM determines the accuracy of the details of BIM model, but only one BIM tool can not complete all the work. Therefore, at present, the industry mainly adopts the method of "distributed" BIM model to establish a BIM model that meets the existing conditions and purposes of the project. These models can be roughly divided into: design model, construction model, schedule model, cost model, manufacturing model, operation model and so on.

analysis on the scene

Site analysis is the main factor affecting the positioning of buildings, and it is the process of determining the spatial orientation and appearance of buildings and establishing the relationship between buildings and surrounding landscapes. In the planning stage, the topography, vegetation and climate conditions of the site are all important factors affecting the design decision. It is often necessary to evaluate and analyze various influencing factors such as landscape planning, environmental status, construction facilities and traffic flow after completion through site analysis.

Traditional field analysis has some shortcomings, such as insufficient quantitative analysis, too many subjective factors, and inability to process a large amount of data and information. Using BIM combined with geographic information system (GIS) to model the spatial data of the site and the proposed building can quickly obtain more accurate analysis results and help the project to evaluate the use conditions and characteristics of the site in the planning stage, so as to make the most ideal key decisions for the new project, such as site planning, traffic streamline organization, building layout and so on.

architectural planning

Architectural planning is a process of obtaining design basis according to quantitative analysis after the overall planning goal is determined. Architectural planning makes use of the logical mathematical analysis of the social environment and related factors where the construction target is located, studies the reasonable positioning of the design in the project task book, formulates and demonstrates the basis of architectural design, scientifically determines the design content, and seeks scientific methods to achieve this goal. In this process, in addition to applying architectural principles, drawing lessons from past experience and observing norms, it is more important to study the target with modern means such as computers on the basis of actual investigation. BIM can help the project team understand the standards and regulations of complex space through the analysis of space in the architectural planning stage, thus saving time and providing the team with more possibilities of value-added activities. In particular, customers can make key decisions with the help of BIM and relevant analysis data when discussing requirements, selecting and analyzing the best scheme.

The application results of BIM in the architectural planning stage can also help architects to check whether the preliminary design meets the requirements of the owners and the design basis obtained in the architectural planning stage at any time. Through the continuous information transmission or traceability of BIM, the huge waste of finding problems and modifying the design in the detailed design stage is greatly reduced.

Project method

In the stage of scheme demonstration, project investors can use BIM to evaluate the conformity of the layout, vision, lighting, safety, ergonomics, acoustics, texture, color and specifications of the design scheme. BIM can even scrutinize the local details of the building and quickly analyze the problems that may need to be dealt with in design and construction.

In the stage of scheme demonstration, BIM can also be used to provide convenient and low-cost different schemes for project investors to choose. Through data comparison and simulation analysis, the advantages and disadvantages of different schemes are found out to help project investors quickly evaluate the cost and time of construction investment schemes.

For designers, through BIM to evaluate the design space, we can get a high interactive effect, so as to get positive feedback from users and owners. Real-time modification of design is usually based on feedback from end users. Under the BIM platform, the focus issues concerned by all parties in the project can be displayed conveniently and intuitively, and they can arrive quickly. Correspondingly, the time required for decision-making will also be reduced.

Visual design

The appearance of 3D visual design software such as 3Dmax and Sketchup effectively bridges the communication gap between owners and end users due to their lack of understanding of traditional architectural drawings. However, due to the design concept and functional limitations of these softwares, there is a considerable gap between such 3D visual display and the real design scheme, whether it is used for preliminary scheme elaboration or staged renderings display.

For designers, in addition to the preliminary scrutiny and stage display, a lot of design work should be based on the traditional CAD platform, with three views of plane, elevation and section to express and show their design results. This kind of information fragmentation caused by tools is very easy to make mistakes when the project is complex and the time limit is tight.

The appearance of BIM allows designers not only to have three-dimensional visual design tools, what you see is what you get, but more importantly, through the improvement of tools, designers can use three-dimensional thinking to complete architectural design, and at the same time, owners and end users can really get rid of the restrictions of technical barriers and know what they can get from their investment at any time.

collaborative design

Collaborative design is a new architectural design method, which enables designers of different professions in different geographical locations to carry out design work through network collaboration. The existing collaborative design is mainly based on CAD platform, which can't fully realize the information exchange between specialties. This is because the general file format of CAD is only the description of graphics, and the additional information can not be loaded, which leads to the irrelevance of data between majors.

BIM makes collaboration no longer a simple document reference, and BIM technology provides the underlying support for collaborative design, which greatly improves the technical content of collaborative design. With the technical advantages of BIM, the scope of cooperation has also expanded from the simple design stage to the whole life cycle of the building, which requires the collective participation of all parties such as planning, design, construction and operation, so it has a broader significance and brings about a substantial increase in comprehensive benefits.

Performance-based analysis

The use of computers to analyze the physical properties of buildings began in the 1960s, or even earlier in the CAD era. No matter what kind of analysis software, it is necessary to manually input relevant data for analysis and calculation, and the operation and use of these softwares not only need the training of professional and technical personnel, but also need frequent repeated entry or verification due to the adjustment of design scheme. Therefore, performance-based analysis of architectural physics, including building energy consumption analysis, is usually arranged in the final stage of design and becomes a symbolic work, which makes the relationship between architectural design and performance-based analysis and calculation seriously out of line.

Using BIM technology, the virtual building model created by architects in the design process already contains a lot of design information (geometric information, material properties, component properties, etc.). ). As long as the model is imported into the relevant performance analysis software, the corresponding analysis results can be obtained. In the past, professionals spent a lot of time inputting a lot of professional data, which can be completed automatically through BIM technology, greatly shortening the cycle of performance analysis, improving the design quality, and enabling design companies to provide more professional skills for owners.

Engineering quantity statistics

BIM is a database with rich engineering information, which can truly provide the engineering quantity information needed for cost management. With this information, the computer can quickly carry out statistical analysis of various components, greatly reducing the tedious manual operation and potential errors, and it is very easy to realize the complete consistency between the engineering quantity information and the design scheme.

The accurate engineering quantity statistics obtained through BIM can be used for cost estimation in the preliminary design process, exploration of different design schemes in the owner's budget or comparison of construction costs of different design schemes, engineering quantity budget before construction and final accounts after construction.

Pipeline synthesis

With the increase of the building scale and the complexity of the use function, the demand for the integration of electromechanical pipelines is becoming stronger and stronger for design enterprises, construction enterprises and even owners. By using BIM technology and establishing BIM models of various disciplines, designers can easily find the collision and conflict in the design in the virtual three-dimensional environment, thus greatly improving the comprehensive design ability and work efficiency of pipelines. This can not only eliminate the possible collisions and conflicts in the project construction in time, but also significantly reduce the resulting change application form, greatly improve the production efficiency of the construction site, and reduce the cost increase and construction delay caused by construction coordination.

Construction progress simulation

Architecture is a highly dynamic process. With the continuous expansion of construction scale and increasing complexity, construction project management has become extremely complicated.

By linking BIM with construction progress, spatial information and time information are integrated into a visual 4D(3D+Time) model, which can directly and accurately reflect the whole construction process. 4D construction simulation technology can make a reasonable construction plan, accurately grasp the construction progress, optimize the utilization of construction resources, scientifically arrange the site, and uniformly manage and control the construction progress, resources and quality of the whole project, thus shortening the construction period, reducing the cost and improving the quality.

In addition, with the help of 4D mode, construction enterprises will gain the bidding advantage in project bidding. BIM can help bid evaluation experts quickly understand the control method, whether the construction arrangement is balanced and whether the overall scheme is basically reasonable from the 4D model, so as to effectively evaluate the construction experience and strength of bidders.

Construction organization simulation

Construction organization is an important means of scientific management of construction activities, which determines the content of construction preparation in each stage and coordinates the relationship among construction units, construction types and resources in the construction process. Construction organization design is a comprehensive technical, economic and organizational scheme that guides all activities in the whole process of construction projects, and it is the product of the organic combination of construction technology and construction project management.

BIM can simulate the constructability of key or difficult parts of the project, and analyze and optimize the construction and installation scheme by month, day and time. Simulate and analyze some important construction links or key parts with new construction technology, construction site layout and other construction guidance measures to improve the feasibility of the scheme; BIM technology can also be combined with the construction organization plan to preview and improve the manufacturability of complex building systems.

With the help of BIM simulation of construction organization, the project manager can intuitively understand the time nodes and installation procedures of the whole construction and installation process, and clearly grasp the difficulties and key points in the installation process. The contractor can further optimize and improve the original installation scheme to improve the construction efficiency and safety of the construction scheme.

Digital architecture

At present, the production efficiency of manufacturing industry is extremely high, partly because the automation of manufacturing methods is realized by using digital data model. Similarly, BIM combined with digital manufacturing can also improve the production efficiency of the construction industry. Through the combination of BIM model and digital building system, the construction industry can also adopt similar methods to realize the automation of construction process.

Many components in the building can be processed in different places and then transported to the construction site to be assembled into buildings (such as doors and windows, precast concrete structures and steel structures). Through digital construction, the prefabrication of building components can be completed automatically. These components manufactured by factory precision machinery technology not only reduce the construction error, but also greatly improve the productivity of component manufacturing, making the construction period of the whole building shorter and easier to control.

The direct application of BIM model in manufacturing industry can form a natural feedback loop between manufacturers and designers, that is, digital construction should be considered as early as possible in the architectural design process. Similarly, sharing the component model with the participating manufacturers will also help to shorten the bidding period and facilitate manufacturers to prepare more unified bidding documents according to the component consumption required for design. At the same time, the coordination between standardized components also helps to reduce site problems and rising construction and installation costs.

Material tracking

With the improvement of standardization, factory and digitalization in the construction industry and the complexity of construction equipment, more and more building and equipment components are processed by factories and transported to the construction site for efficient assembly. Whether these building components and equipment can be delivered to the site in time, whether they meet the design requirements and whether the quality is qualified will become an important link affecting the critical path of the construction plan in the whole construction process.

Before BIM appeared, the construction industry often relied on the management experience and technical solutions of mature logistics industry (such as RFID tags). Through RFID, all the equipment parts in the building can be identified, and these objects can be tracked and managed, but RFID itself cannot obtain more detailed information of objects (such as production date, manufacturer, component size, etc.). ), and the BIM model only records all the information of buildings, components and equipment in detail.

In addition, BIM model, as a multidimensional database of buildings, is not good at recording the state information of various components, while the logistics management information system based on RFID technology has a very good database recording and management function for the process information of objects, which makes BIM and RFID complement each other, thus solving the management pressure brought by the growing material tracking in the construction industry.

Delivery of as-built model

As a system, when the construction process is completed and ready to be put into use, the building needs to be tested and adjusted to ensure that it can run according to the original design. In the handover process after the completion of the project, the property management department needs not only conventional design drawings and as-built drawings, but also documents and materials related to operation and maintenance that can correctly reflect the real equipment status, material installation and use.

BIM can organically integrate building space information and equipment parameter information, thus providing owners with a way to obtain complete building global information. Through the correlation between BIM and the recorded information of the construction process, even the completion information including the concealed engineering data can be integrated, which not only brings convenience to the subsequent property management, but also provides effective historical information for the owner and the project team in the future renovation, reconstruction and expansion process.

Technical maintenance plan

During the service life of a building, structural facilities (such as walls, floors, roofs, etc.). ) and facilities (such as equipment, pipelines, etc.). ) Need continuous maintenance. A successful maintenance scheme will improve building performance, reduce energy consumption and maintenance costs, and then reduce the overall maintenance costs.

BIM model combined with operation and maintenance management system can give full play to the advantages of spatial positioning and data recording, formulate a reasonable maintenance plan, assign special personnel to carry out special maintenance work, and reduce the probability of accidents in the use of buildings. For some important equipment, the history of its maintenance work can also be tracked, so as to judge the applicable state of the equipment in advance.

asset management

An orderly asset management system will effectively improve the management level of building assets or facilities. However, due to the separation of construction and operation information, these asset information needs to be entered through a large number of manual operations at the initial stage of operation, and it is easy to make data entry errors.

A large amount of building information contained in BIM can be successfully imported into asset management system, which greatly reduces the time and manpower input for system initialization data preparation. In addition, because the traditional asset management system itself can not accurately locate assets, the asset tag chip combined with BIM and RFID can also make the location and related parameter information of assets in the building clear at a glance.

space management

Space management is the management of building space in order to save space cost, effectively use space and provide a good working and living environment for end users. BIM can not only be used to effectively manage the resources such as building facilities and assets, but also help the management team to record the space usage, handle the requests of end users for space changes, analyze the usage of existing space, rationally allocate building space and ensure the maximum utilization of space resources.

Architectural system analysis

Building system analysis is a process to measure the building performance according to the owner's use requirements and design regulations, including how the mechanical system operates and the evaluation of building performance, such as energy consumption analysis, internal and external airflow simulation, lighting analysis, pedestrian flow analysis, etc.

BIM is combined with professional building system analysis software to avoid repeated modeling and system parameter collection. BIM can be used to verify whether the building is built according to specific design regulations and sustainable standards. Through these analysis and simulation, we can finally determine and modify the system parameters and even the system transformation scheme to improve the performance of the whole building.

Disaster emergency simulation

Using BIM and the corresponding disaster analysis and simulation software, we can simulate the process of disasters before they occur, analyze the causes of disasters, formulate disaster avoidance measures, and formulate emergency plans for evacuation and rescue support after disasters.

When a disaster occurs, BIM model can provide complete information about the emergency rescue points of rescuers. Combined with the timely acquisition of building and equipment status information by building automation system, BIM model can clearly present the emergency position inside the building, and even find the most suitable route to reach the emergency point, thus improving the effectiveness of emergency action.