Discussion on life cycle cost management of construction projects?

For the owner, project cost management is the whole process from the determination of investment intention to the completion and acceptance of the project, that is, the life cycle cost management of the project, but there are still many problems in the current life cycle cost management. In addition, the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" clearly stipulates the establishment of an engineering cost management information system based on bim technology and supported by enterprise databases.

1 life cycle cost management problem

At present, there are still many problems in the life cycle cost management of construction projects in China, such as information communication, coordination of participants and coordination of stages.

1. 1 information management issues

Doing well the cost management in each stage is the basis for successfully achieving the goal of life cycle cost management. It is necessary to realize the seamless docking of information at all stages and the smooth transmission and enjoyment of corresponding cost information at all stages. However, at present, there is an "island effect" between different stages, and the personnel in different stages are changeable and the communication mode is relatively traditional, which is easy to cause information loss or delay.

1.2 cost management in each stage

If the goal of single-stage cost management of construction projects cannot be achieved, it will have a negative impact on life-cycle cost management. At present, in the investment decision-making stage, the emphasis is on the cost management in the construction stage, while the control of the cost work in the investment decision-making stage is neglected, which easily leads to frequent "three excesses" and seriously affects the investment benefit; Design stage: emphasizing technology over economy, which is not conducive to cost and later management; Bidding stage: the phenomenon that winning the bid depends on low price and profit depends on claim still exists; Construction stage: the construction unit does not pay attention to it, and the management of the construction unit is unscientific, which leads to the cost out of control at this stage; Final accounting stage: this stage requires the information to be true, complete and accurate, but the two sides shirk each other because of changes and other issues, which affects the final determination of expenses; Operation and maintenance stage: the construction process and operation and maintenance of most projects are managed separately, so it is difficult to share information, which makes operation and maintenance difficult and costly; Demolition stage: At present, most buildings have not reached the designed service life, but in a few years, the demolition cost and social benefits of buildings will be generated.

1.3 coordination between stages

To implement life-cycle cost management, it is necessary to do a good job of dynamic coordination of cost management at all stages, so that all stages can serve life-cycle cost management. However, the goal of cost management in each stage is different. If it is limited to the management objectives at this stage, the cost management will be one-sided and phased, and more engineering changes will easily occur and invalid costs will be increased. However, the problem of coordination at all stages is still outstanding.

1.4 coordination among participants

There are many participants in the construction project, who are concerned about their own economic interests and serve their own cost management objectives. When the interests of all parties conflict, it is difficult for all parties to ensure the accuracy and integrity of information, and communication is not smooth enough for their own interests.

2BIM in the life cycle cost management advantages and characteristics

2. 1 Build an information platform based on BIM to realize smooth information transmission and complete * * * enjoyment.

BIM model contains all components, projects and cost information of the building. Through BIM platform, different software, different stages and different participants can be effectively connected, thus ensuring that all information related to construction projects can be transmitted quickly and smoothly and enjoyed by different participants at different stages.

2.2 through BIM to improve the efficiency of cost management at all stages

As a large-scale working platform, BIM has the characteristics of parameterization and automatic calculation, which can effectively improve the accuracy and efficiency of cost management at all stages and lay the foundation for the implementation of life cycle cost management.

2.3 Through BIM, cost management coordination and cooperation among different participants at different stages can be realized.

Based on the characteristics of BIM, such as visualization, collaboration, information sharing and integration, it can effectively promote the coordination between all stages and participants in the implementation of the whole process cost management of construction projects and promote the smooth implementation of the whole life cycle cost management.

Application of 3BIM in cost management at all stages

From the owner's point of view, aiming at the problems existing in the current domestic cost management model, BIM technology is applied to all stages of the project.

3. Application of1BIM technology in decision-making stage

In the early decision-making stage of the project, the project definition, project proposal, feasibility study and project evaluation are mainly carried out to maximize the investment benefit. The decision-making stage costs less, but it has a great impact on the whole project life cycle, accounting for 75% of the cost. A slight mistake at this stage will cause irreparable losses and even the failure of the project. The main application of BIM technology in the decision-making stage is to assist the owner in scheme comparison, estimate the investment of the proposed project, and actively control the proposed project in the early stage.

3.2 BIM technology in the design stage

After the scheme is determined in the decision-making stage, it enters the engineering design stage, which plays a very important role in the whole project cycle. Relevant data show that although the cost of the design stage only accounts for 1% ~ 3% of the total cost, its impact on the cost accounts for 70%~80%.

3.3 BIM technology in bidding stage

At present, China is still in the traditional bidding stage. When the bidder obtains the bidding documents and formulates the bidding quotation, it needs to recalculate the engineering quantity and calculate the bidding price, which leads to repeated measurement. Usually, the bidding stage is tight and the task is heavy, which is prone to large deviations. The owner can prepare the bill of quantities and bidding documents based on the BIM model provided by the design unit, and provide the model as an integral part of the bidding materials. Based on the visualization characteristics of BIM model, it can effectively avoid the error and omission of bill of quantities, and bidders can formulate quotation strategies more accurately and conveniently according to BIM model, and at the same time, it can reduce the claim problem caused by the change of engineering quantity in the later stage to some extent.

3.4 Application of BIM technology in construction stage

In the construction stage, the duration of the construction period is long, there are many risk factors, many coordination contents and many engineering changes, so there are also many problems such as progress payment at this stage. The application and advantages of bim5D technology in the construction stage: ① Dynamic management of engineering quantity information: any component of bim5D cost model has its own attributes, and the engineering information contained in it is continuous, which can be queried at any time and place through BIM software or through combined components; (2) Improve the ability to control the engineering change cost: use the dynamic cost BIM5D model. When the project changes, the relevant change information will be sorted out and input in time, and the change of engineering quantity will also appear accordingly. According to the change of engineering quantity, find out the changed components in the model and determine the change price [4]. If there are multiple schemes that meet the functional requirements, the cost of each scheme can be compared and analyzed by using the model, and the applicable and economical scheme can be selected; (3) Improve the progress of progress payment visa and issuance: According to the milestones or image progress agreed in the contract, BIM technology can be used to realize the visa and issuance of project funds. The data in the BIM technical cost model is perfect, accurate, transparent and open, which is convenient for the employer and the contractor to compare and query the engineering quantity, speed up the calculation of engineering quantity, reduce the negotiation difficulty in the visa process, avoid disputes and improve the visa and issuance progress; ④ Multi-calculation comparison of different dimensions: In the BIM5D cost model, each component has its own data information, and the information of component combination and split can be queried anytime and anywhere, so BIM5D can realize the comparative analysis of actual cost, planned cost and contract price in different stages, realize multi-calculation comparison in different dimensions, and effectively manage the project cost within each stage [5].

3.5 application of BIM technology in the completion settlement stage

From the establishment and use of the BIM technical model of the project, the relevant data information in the construction process is continuously input and integrated in the model, and the information carried by the model in the settlement stage is quite perfect and accurate, which can effectively avoid the loss of information. BIM model has visibility and coordination, and can realize the output of block diagram. In the process of construction, all kinds of change information can be updated and input in time, and can be checked and confirmed in real time in the process of progress payment. The completeness and accuracy of the information carried by the model in the completion stage can avoid economic disputes, improve work efficiency, and effectively avoid problems such as information loss, confusion of on-site visas, inaccurate check of engineering quantities, and mutual shirking.

3.6 BIM technology application in the operation and maintenance stage

The operation and maintenance period of a project accounts for the largest proportion in the whole life cycle, but at present most owners hand over the management business to the property management company after the project is completed, but the transmission of project information is very incomplete. With the help of BIM model, the detailed database established by its document function realizes the docking from construction stage to operation stage; Understand and control the operation of the equipment through real-time monitoring of the operation parameters and maintenance information of the built projects; BIM model can realize the visualization of internal space facilities, and can find and locate some hidden systems and equipment. Through the monitoring of operation data, problems and hidden dangers are found, and the current management is optimized and improved; BIM cost database can also automatically keep all relevant data and provide relevant parameter information for similar projects in the future.

3.7 BIM technology application in the demolition stage

At present, the data of BIM model is complete and accurate, and it can be classified according to the component information, and specific demolition schemes can be made to increase the number of recyclable components, reduce construction waste, improve the reuse rate of construction waste, and actively respond to China's sustainable development strategy.

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