Did the ancient humans in Siberia have anything to do with us 45,000 years ago?

A 45,000-year-old femur from Siberia produced the oldest recorded Homo sapiens genome sequence, revealing a mysterious group that may have crossed North Asia.

Nikolai Peristov is a Russian artist. He carved jewels from the ivory of ancient mammoths. In 2008, when he was looking for ivory along the Irtysh River in Siberia, he noticed a bone sticking out of the river bank. He dug it up and took it to a forensic scientist for study. The forensic doctor determined that this bone was a human left femur.

This bone finally arrived at Max Planck Institute of Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, and the researchers named it Ust'-Ishim, after the area where Peristoff found the remains. The paleoanthropologist Bence Viola said, "This femur has become a fossil, which is older than any modern human." Viola's colleagues were lucky when they found that the bones contained well-preserved DNA. After gene testing, the accuracy of Usti-Ishim genome sequencing is very close to that of contemporary human genome. The genome analysis of Usti-Ishim shows that this individual belongs to a group, which is about 43,000 to 47,000 years ago. This population is more similar to modern Eurasian than African in genetic diversity, and contains about 230.3% Neanderthal mixture, which is similar to the scale of modern Asians and Europeans. The mitochondria of this individual is R, and haplogroup is K.

DNA may be the only chance to connect the remains with others. "This guy came out of nowhere, and there is no archaeological site to connect with him," Viola said. The Usti-Ishim people may be descendants of an extinct group, which is closely related to humans who left Africa to live in other parts of the world more than 50,000 years ago, but later became extinct.

The chemical composition in the femur shows that this person lives on meat, fish, berries, nuts and vegetables.

So, do people today have anything to do with Ustihim? Someone in Cascadia, North America claimed: "I am a living descendant of the Ust'-Ishim DNA sample. "Recently, I used my own genetic data to compare with the ancient human data of Usti-Ishim, and found that my chromosome 17 had a * * * fragment with the sample.

Encouraged, I compared the genetic data of dozens of modern people with the Usti-Ishim sample, and set the fragment value to 4cM. The results are as follows: Xinjiang Uygur, Xinjiang people (ethnic group unknown), Xinjiang Han, Ningxia Han, Inner Mongolia Mongolian (3 people), Beijing Mongolian, Hebei Zhangjiakou Mongolian, Heilongjiang Zhang Korean, Heilongjiang Pu Korean, Jilin Yanbian Li Korean, Jilin Yanbian Cui Korean, Korean Zhao, Hebei Langfang Han, Shandong Jinan Han, Shandong Liaocheng Han, Shandong Dezhou Han, Henan Zhoukou Han and Jiangsu You/kloc-. Han nationality in northern Jiangsu, Manchu nationality in Shanghai, Han nationality in Ningdu County, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, men in black in Yunnan, Kazak nationality, Japanese Hiramatsu Naoki, Yue, Zaochuan apricot, Qiancun, Caoye, Great Plateau, Jiahe in Yamada, Shizuko in Matsuya, and Chinese in Singapore.

In addition, Northeast Manchu (3 people), Yanbian Korean (2 people), Hebei Korean (3 people), Shandong Hui, Zhengzhou Hui in Henan, Yulin Han in Shaanxi, Hengyang Han in Hunan, Bijie Bai in Guizhou, Sichuan Han and Hubei Han did not match the Ust-Ishim sample.