Many public * * * maintenance funds encounter "difficulty in withdrawing cash" and face the test of "maintenance peak"

Recently, CCTV's Focus Interview revealed that the national public maintenance fund has exceeded one trillion, but the utilization rate is extremely low. Many residents who need this money to repair buildings find it difficult to withdraw the "beautiful-looking" public maintenance fund. So far, this fund has remained in the bank account of "demand deposit" or "short-term deposit". According to the corresponding inflation rate, it is shrinking year by year. In addition, after China's urban housing enters the peak period of 15 maintenance, it will gradually face the huge worry that the maintenance funds will "make ends meet". Experts call on China to take precautions and speed up the construction of a perfect system for maintaining and increasing the value of housing maintenance funds in order to cope with the coming tide of fund use.

Encountered "extraction difficulties" in many places

China's public maintenance fund has reached several trillion yuan, however, almost all of this money is "sleeping" in the "current account" of the local bank.

Xincheng Garden is a community in Nankai District, Tianjin. There are many old people and children among thousands of residents. Because all nine buildings are high-rise buildings, elevators are indispensable travel tools for residents.

There's always something wrong with the elevator recently. After inspection, the repairman confirmed that the cable of this elevator was broken, and other elevators in the community 15 were also seriously worn, and many parts needed to be replaced. Residents found a residential property maintenance, but the property said that it could not be responsible for this maintenance.

For people who have already bought a house, public maintenance funds are no strangers. By developers and property buyers in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Ministry of Construction at the time of purchase, as a maintenance fund for public parts and facilities of residential buildings. Some local regulations are 2% of the purchase price. According to the relevant laws and regulations of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the residential public maintenance fund is specially used for the maintenance of public facilities in the community and belongs to all owners. If the community has not established an industry Committee, it will be temporarily managed by the property management and cannot be used in principle; After the establishment of the owners' committee, it will be taken over by the industry committee.

However, Director Guo, the new Urban Garden Industry Committee, is also worried about the overhaul of the community. At present, there are millions of public maintenance funds, and it is not a problem to repair damaged public facilities, but the money cannot be moved.

Guo said that the first condition for using public maintenance funds is that they must be paid in full, but the proportion paid by the community is not enough. At present, half of the 4 16 households have not paid yet.

This situation is widespread throughout the country. And start the public * * * maintenance fund, also need to vote by two-thirds of all owners.

According to media reports, there are three main reasons why the owners do not agree to use the public maintenance fund. First, the transparency of the work of property companies is not enough; The second is the mentality of "nothing to do with yourself, hanging high"; Third, the owners are afraid that it will be difficult to recover the funds when they run out.

According to the regulations, 70% of public maintenance funds need to be raised again, but most owners are unwilling to pay for it. After all, there is no organization to supervise how the money is used. This is also a reason why the housing maintenance fund can not be used normally for a long time. In reality, some people have made an abacus of this huge sum.

In May, 2005, Han Qicai, the financial manager of Beijing Sibo Real Estate Development Co., Ltd., and Joah Wang, the boss, intercepted the maintenance fund, deed tax and property fee100000 yuan collected by the owner of the "real estate project" for the company controlled by Joah Wang.

20 12 12, Han Qicai was sentenced to five years in prison for embezzlement of public funds. This case has also become the largest misappropriation of owners' maintenance funds in Beijing.

According to local statistics, as of July 20 13, Beijing has paid 348,654.38 million yuan of public maintenance funds, and used 538 million yuan, with a utilization rate of1.55%. By the end of 20 12 and 10, Guangzhou had paid about 8 1 100 million yuan, and used 80 million yuan, with a utilization rate of 0.99%. By June of 20 12, Tianjin had saved1454 million yuan, and only 77.535 million yuan had been used, with a utilization rate of 0.53%. Dr. Yang Tianbao of Zhejiang University has estimated that there are 660 cities in China, even if the average housing maintenance fund in each city is 65.438+0 billion yuan, the total amount will exceed 660 billion yuan, while the housing maintenance funds in first-tier cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Nanjing and Hangzhou are huge. It is inferred that the national public maintenance fund has reached one trillion yuan.

However, almost all of this money is kept in the "current account" of the local bank. Even in Guangzhou, where the financial system is relatively developed, this fund is only allowed to stay in a short-term bank account for three months.

A European director of the Supervision Department of Guangxi Banking Regulatory Bureau said that the core reason for banks to deposit such funds in current company accounts is that the interest paid is low, but the adjustable amount is high, that is, the "sleep funds" with high utilization rate.

Facing the test of "maintenance peak"

Kevin Z, a visiting professor at Singapore International University, described the embarrassment of public maintenance funds in many cities in China as "unable to beat the inflation rate and offset the maintenance costs".

In many countries, the owners' committee is responsible for the management of public maintenance funds, provided that the owners' committee is democratically elected. And this process is also supervised by the owners, the government and other parties.

At present, the mechanism of the owners' committee in China is not perfect, many communities do not have it, and their legal status and responsibilities are not clear.

Some commentators believe that in the final analysis, the system design is unreasonable-compulsory payment when buying a house, but once it is used, it will face various hidden costs, such as the need for two-thirds of the owners' consent and the approval of the industry Committee. On the other hand, the proportion of public maintenance funds is also regarded as a problem.

Zhou Jie, a maintenance professional who provides maintenance services for many elevators in Guangxi, said: "In the long run, the housing maintenance fund of 150,000 yuan is not even enough to cover the daily elevator maintenance fees after moving in15."

15 years is exactly the "life span" of the elevator in the elevator room. This means that even if the owner agrees to pay the house maintenance funds in full, after the eighth year, the original funds can not meet the elevator maintenance costs, not to mention the power distribution room, underground garage, swimming pool and other facilities.

"For ordinary owners, trillions of funds are stuck in current accounts, which can only provide' loan-to-deposit ratio' services for banks and cannot bring corresponding benefits to investors. It is unfair in any case. " Zheng Weijun said.

In the United States, the management of public maintenance funds is market-oriented. The fund company is responsible for the management of residential special maintenance funds paid by the owners. If the house needs maintenance, the property management company will report to the fund company, and the fund company will look for a maintenance company in the market for maintenance. During the idle period of funds, after reserving 15% of the funds, it can be lent to big banks such as the World Bank by borrowing, and the banks have to pay interest to the fund company.

In Singapore, if the owner can't pay the special maintenance fund for the house, according to the provisions of the Property Management Convention, the owner's house can't enter the market until the owner pays the fee.

In Japan, the maintenance fund is included in the house price, and the developer is responsible for the whole process of house maintenance, and the house is guaranteed for life.

The Beijing Municipal Commission of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has publicly stated that the procedures for withdrawing and using maintenance funds can be simplified on the premise of ensuring the safety of funds. However, due to the lack of complete relevant legal protection, simplifying the procedure will not happen overnight.

Pending "Suspension of Responsibility"

While exploring how to make better use of public maintenance funds, a large number of old houses have become blank areas of public maintenance funds.

In order to make better use of public maintenance funds, many places are constantly exploring.

A few days ago, Zhejiang Province issued a new regulation, stipulating that after the public maintenance plan is publicized, it can be passed as long as no more than one-third of the owners object.

Beijing has also introduced new regulations-public maintenance funds can be urgently activated without the consent of more than two-thirds of the owners because of the leakage of residential houses due to heavy rain.

Qingdao stipulates that houses that citizens have purchased property rights do not need to be signed by all neighbors when using the housing maintenance fund, and will be publicized after the budget comes out. If no residents raise objections or the objections are unfounded, they can be used. This circumvents the requirement of "more than two-thirds of the owners agree".

While various places are constantly exploring how to make better use of public maintenance funds, a large number of old houses have become blank areas of public maintenance funds-for various reasons, owners have not paid such fees.

In the expert's view, after entering the concentrated period of housing maintenance, more and more people will apply for the use of public maintenance funds in residential areas. Since the real estate administrative department has the responsibility of supervision, it is necessary to ensure not only the safety of money, but also the safety of all owners. If the public maintenance fund cannot be used due to the developer's reasons, the regulatory authorities should urge the developer to fulfill its obligations.

"This matter should be decided by the government. The problem now is that no one wants to take responsibility. Only the government as the main body of decision-making can simplify the real procedure. " Shu Kexin, director of the Industry Committee and Property Management Committee of China Community Service Working Committee and researcher of the Center for System Analysis and Public Policy Research of Renmin University of China, said.

"If it is delivered to the government for decision-making, it will also conflict with the property law, because the money is ultimately the owner's." Zhang said, director of the work consultation center of the first Beijing owners' congress.

While disagreeing with the government's decision, he also disapproves of the use of third-party evaluation agencies. "If you use a third-party evaluation agency for extraction, you need to pay a handling fee, and the interests of the owner will suffer. Therefore, legislation should be enacted as soon as possible to clarify under what circumstances the owners have the autonomy to decide the use of public maintenance funds and to what extent the government can intervene. "

Regarding the problem of "running can't win the inflation rate", Xu, an expert who has been engaged in community finance research all the year round, thinks that this huge sum of money is not so much a "sleep fund" as a "sleepwalking fund".

For ordinary owners as investors, this fund is indeed "sleeping" in the "current account", but financial institutions such as banks and fund companies have fully mobilized this fund through various means, that is to say, even if they are "sleeping", they are "sleepwalking" in their sleep, creating a huge value-added space.

Many experts and scholars said that the value-added model of sleepwalking fund is obvious.

Zheng Weijun suggested that the whole city should be unified and coordinated, and the limited funds should be used in the cutting edge. It is even more necessary to establish a unified national management system as soon as possible while finding out the family background.