What are the main problems in China's community management system at present?

It is generally believed that community refers to a relatively independent social life in a certain area according to a set of norms and systems, and people living in this area have a specific lifestyle and psychological sense of belonging. This concept points out that an association is a * * * body first, and it has * * * articles of association or established practices to abide by; Secondly, people living in the community have a psychological sense of identity. Community management refers to the process of strengthening community functions, solving community problems, promoting the harmonious and healthy development of community politics, economy, culture and environment, and constantly improving the living standards and quality of life of community members under the leadership of the party and the government. Community management is a new job, and vigorously promoting community management is an inevitable requirement for China's economic and social development to a certain stage, and it is also an important way for China's modernization in the new century.

Second, the main problems existing in the current community management

(A) the role positioning of the three main bodies of community management is chaotic. China's current community management system mainly includes neighborhood committees, property companies and owners' committees. Based on the pluralistic governance theory in modern public management, the diversification of community management subjects is feasible in theory, which is beneficial to the self-organization and self-management of community residents and can safeguard their own interests to the maximum extent. However, in practice, there are some problems among them, such as confusion of roles, unclear division of labor and overlapping of powers and responsibilities, which bring undue trouble to community management.

First of all, there are problems in the role orientation of neighborhood committees. Residents' committees are grass-roots mass autonomous organizations. However, regarding the work tasks, membership, sources of funds, members' living allowance, office space and office facilities, the neighborhood committee has actually taken over the work power and responsibilities from the administrative department, which leads to the overload operation of the neighborhood committee. Almost all administrative departments at higher levels can hand over tasks and objectives to community neighborhood committees and make demands on the community. The situation of neighborhood committees is that they have great responsibilities, few rights and many things, which leads to the overload of community neighborhood committees.

Secondly, there is a problem with the role positioning of the property. With the deepening of the housing system reform, most residents in China have become the owners of houses, and the management of communities has gradually changed from unit management to profit-making socialized property management. In this context, property management companies are only providers of public services, and their relationship with owners is a trading relationship between equal subjects. However, in reality, as a service provider, the property management company has the opportunity and ability to override the owner because of the asymmetry of power, which leads to the violation of the legitimate rights and interests of the owner from time to time, so that the owner and the property management company are often in a hostile state.

Thirdly, there are problems in the role orientation of the owners' committee. Among the three subjects of community management, the owners' committee is the weakest. Relevant poll data show that people's satisfaction with the performance of the owners' committee is getting worse and worse. At present, the operation of the owners' committee faces "five difficulties", namely, it is difficult to convene the owners' meeting, to prepare the owners' committee, to operate the owners' committee normally, to guarantee the rights of the owners' committee judicially, and to supervise the owners' committee and its members. The reason why the owners' committee is in such an awkward position is that it only has the nature and appearance of an autonomous organization, but has no actual composition of an autonomous organization.

A community has three management subjects. It seems that the existence of every subject is necessary, but the community is not well managed. The reason is that the three subjects are not clear about their respective rights and responsibilities, which leads to confusion in role positioning, and there is no power supervision and balance mechanism among the three subjects, which leads to mutual contradiction and distrust among the three subjects, which in turn leads to frequent chaos in community management.

(B) The development of the three major community management subjects is unbalanced

First of all, from the perspective of power distribution, the power of the owners' Committee, which represents the rights and interests of residents, is in the weakest position; As a seller of property services, property companies have the greatest power among the three subjects. Neighborhood committees have power from administrative departments, but they do not directly represent the rights and interests of owners. This power distribution model makes the management of residential areas only tend to the property, not the owners. Once the Central Neighborhood Committee does not act and is not in place, the rights and interests of the owners will not be effectively guaranteed. It can be said that the unreasonable distribution of power among the three subjects and the lack of mutual supervision and checks and balances are the reasons why community management has always been difficult to achieve the expected goals.

Secondly, from the perspective of organizational security, the most sound of the three organizations is undoubtedly the property company, and neither the owners' Committee nor the neighborhood Committee can compete with it. The property company has a complete human, financial and material structure and strong strength in all aspects; The owners' committee is an autonomous organization of owners, which has neither administrative power nor funding sources. Although the neighborhood committee is a mass autonomous organization, its increasingly administrative trend and funds are determined by the government appropriation, so it can be free from the influence of the owners. From the organizational guarantee of the three subjects, the owners' committee is in the most vulnerable position.

Thirdly, from the perspective of financial security, the funds for community management come from two aspects: first, the owners; The second is government departments. Among them, the management funds of the property company come from the property service fees paid by the owners; The owners' committee has no source of operating funds; The residents' committees are funded by the government. The funding channels of the three subjects are different and do not cross each other, which leads to the inability of the three subjects to form a joint force in community management.

From the above three aspects, the weakness of the owners' committee, which represents the interests of the owners, is an important reason for the current chaotic management and weak security of the community.

(3) Residents' sense of community and public affairs participation is weak, and their sense of community belonging is poor. For a long time, the system and concept of government controlling units and managing social members have affected residents' participation in the management of their communities. The channels and mechanisms for residents to participate in the community are not perfect. Community residents have the desire to participate in community public affairs such as community environment and community safety, but there are no channels for participation. At the same time, residents' participation in community management lacks the motivation and realistic appeal of interest protection. Residents' participation is based on the pursuit of community common interests, and the maintenance of community residents' interests needs the protection of organizations and systems. In addition, community and community management is still a new thing, and the broad masses of people are not familiar with the connotation, scope and why community management should be carried out, so they will not care about or even cooperate with community management. Third, to solve the problems of community management countermeasures

(A) clear the rights and responsibilities of the three main bodies of community management. The lack of cross checks and balances among neighborhood committees, property companies and owners committees is not conducive to the development of community management. Therefore, we must break this existing pattern, reposition the roles of the three subjects, clarify their respective rights and responsibilities, and straighten out the relationship among the three subjects, especially the principal-agent relationship between the owners and the property company.

First of all, we should reposition the role of the neighborhood Committee and make it a supervisor between the owners and property managers. The function of neighborhood committees should be reflected in supervising the owners and property companies to implement the relevant rules of property management and services formulated by the government, and should not directly interfere with community management, provide paid services to the community or engage in profit-making activities by using community resources.

Secondly, the status of the owners' committee should be improved. It should be made clear that the relationship between owners and property management companies is based on market principles. Based on this, the owners' committee should be substantive and legal, so as to completely change the unequal power between the property company and the owners; Appropriately restrict the right to use funds of property companies to restrain the behavior of property companies; The owners' committee shall be constructed on an equal footing with the property company, and equipped with special workplaces and staff; The power and authority of the owners' committee should be supported by powerful government departments.

Third, the power of property companies should be appropriately weakened. To change the current situation of excessive power of property companies, the most crucial point is to deprive them of their arbitrary power in the use of funds, stipulating that the use of funds by property companies must be approved by the owners' Committee, and financial expenditure accounts must be published to the owners' Committee and all owners on a regular basis.

Only by doing the above three aspects well can we standardize the roles and behaviors of the three main bodies of community management and clarify their respective behaviors and identity boundaries.

(two) to strengthen the construction of laws and regulations and various management systems. At present, there are a lot of problems in community management, one of which is that the system and laws and regulations are not perfect. Therefore, it is necessary to speed up and strengthen the construction of laws, regulations and management systems related to community management, clarify the respective identity boundaries of the three main bodies of community management, restrain their respective behaviors, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of both owners and property management companies.

(3) Cultivate * * * community awareness and enhance the centripetal force, sense of belonging and cohesion of community residents. In recent years, the social phenomenon of "human indifference" has attracted the attention of the whole society. In community management, similar phenomena also occur from time to time. Obviously, we can't simply attribute this phenomenon to the "by-product" of economic development. We should give full play to people's initiative and curb the spread of "collective indifference" through strong cultural construction. In community management, creating a collective atmosphere of units or families should be the goal pursued by community management, because it is the premise and foundation for forming the sense of belonging, centripetal force and cohesion of community residents. In other words, the community should be built into a unit or family atmosphere, where people not only live together, but also emotionally contact and help each other with the same ideals and will, which should be the ultimate goal pursued by community management.