What are the precautions in preparing financial statements?

What are the precautions in preparing financial statements? The following contents are reproduced as follows:

When making financial statements, some work can be done without looking at the ledger. Next, I will introduce you to this little skill.

1, retained earnings at the end of balance sheet = retained earnings in balance sheet+net profit in income statement at the beginning of the year. 2. At the end of the balance sheet, "taxes payable = urban construction tax, education surcharge (calculated by income statement)+income tax payable (calculated by income statement)+value-added tax payable (calculated by income statement). These taxes that must be paid must be equal to the items in the cash flow statement.

3. Cash received from selling goods and providing services in the cash flow statement = other business income+main business income in the income statement+tax payable calculated in the income statement (VAT payable-output tax (obtained by referring to the previous calculation method)+notes receivable in the balance sheet-"should"

4. "Net cash and cash equivalents" in the cash flow statement = ending balance of "monetary funds" in the balance sheet-opening balance.

5. "Other cash paid related to operating activities" in the cash flow statement = expenses excluding various factors: "management expenses+sales expenses+non-operating income-non-operating expenses" in the income statement-increase of "accumulated depreciation" in the balance sheet (ending-beginning) (that is, depreciation included in various expenses, unpaid in the current period)-wages in expenses (paid)

6. "Cash paid to and for employees" in the cash flow statement = the ending number of "wages payable" in the balance sheet-the beginning number+the ending number of welfare expenses payable-the beginning number (now uniformly included in "wages payable to employees")+the total wages and benefits paid to employees in this period. (Included in sales expenses and management expenses)

7. "Taxes paid (excluding farmland occupation tax and returned VAT income tax)" in the cash flow statement = "main business taxes and surcharges"+"income tax"+"taxes payable (VAT payable-taxes paid)" (taxes calculated from operating income in the current income statement).

8. Cash paid for goods and services in the cash flow statement = other expenses in the income statement+main business cost+ending value of inventory in the balance sheet-ending value of inventory)+(opening number of accounts payable-ending number of accounts payable)+tax payable (VAT payable-input tax (refer to the previous calculation method).

9. "Cash received or paid for the disposal or purchase of fixed assets, intangible assets and other assets" in the cash flow statement = changes in other subjects such as "construction in progress"+"fixed assets"+"intangible assets" in the balance sheet (cash flow received increases and cash flow paid decreases).

10. Dividends received from bond interest in the cash flow statement = amount of investment income in the income statement-ending amount of dividends receivable in the balance sheet-ending amount of interest receivable-beginning amount.

Note: Most other items can be calculated according to the amount change of each account in the balance sheet. Of course, the basic premise is that you must learn to prepare financial statements.

Please adopt it. Thank you.

1. going concern principle

If it is no longer reasonable for an enterprise to prepare financial statements on the basis of going concern, the enterprise shall prepare financial statements on other bases and disclose this fact in the notes.

2. The principle of fair representation

When presenting financial statements, an enterprise shall confirm and measure them in strict accordance with the actual transactions and events, and in accordance with the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises-Basic Standards and other accounting standards, so as to truthfully reflect the transactions and other economic matters of the enterprise and truly and fairly reflect the financial position, operating results and cash flow of the enterprise. Enterprises should not replace confirmation and measurement with notes disclosure.

3. Accrual principle

In addition to the cash flow statement, the financial statements presented by enterprises should be prepared in accordance with the accrual basis principle.

4. The principle of consistency in information presentation

The presentation of financial statement items shall be consistent in each accounting period, and shall not be changed at will, except that the accounting standards require changes in the presentation of financial statement items or the business nature of the enterprise has undergone major changes, which can provide more reliable and relevant accounting information.

What are the precautions for reading the financial statements of listed companies? When reading the accounting statements of listed companies, investors should first pay special attention to key, large and abnormal accounting subjects and analyze some important financial ratios. Secondly, it is necessary to strengthen the application research of enterprise accounting information time series, and pay attention to observe whether there is a phenomenon of recognizing income in advance or delaying the recognition of expenses. Third, we should pay attention to the important contents of the notes to accounting statements, because the notes to accounting statements are necessary supplementary explanations to accounting statements.

Hope to adopt

What ratios should be paid attention to when preparing financial statements? If financial statements are provided to banks, the following ratios should be noted:

1. Enterprise operating capacity ratio (including total assets turnover rate, accounts receivable turnover rate and inventory turnover rate)

2. Corporate profitability (including sales profitability, return on total assets, return on net assets and cost profitability)

3 short-term solvency ratio of enterprises (including working capital, current ratio, quick ratio and cash ratio)

4. Long-term solvency ratio of the enterprise (including asset-liability ratio, property right ratio, interest guarantee multiple and net cash flow generated from operating activities)

What are the precautions in auditing financial statements? 1, the audit of financial statements needs to clarify the scope and content of the audit. When auditing the risk of material misstatement in financial statements, it is necessary to clarify the scope and specific content of the audit, which is the basis for auditing the risk of material misstatement in financial statements. 2. Master the method of effectively obtaining the relevant information of material misstatement risk audit in financial statement audit. The audit of the risk of material misstatement involves a wide range of contents, and the complexity of each content varies. Therefore, in order to obtain the relevant information of the audited entity's risk audit of material misstatement, appropriate methods must be adopted. These methods mainly include: inquiry method, observation and inspection method, analytical procedure method and walk-through method. 3. Audit financial statements to reasonably estimate the risk level of material misstatement. Reasonably estimating the risk level of material misstatement at the reporting level is a judgment process of saving audit costs as much as possible and trying to reduce audit risks. 4. When auditing financial statements, the overall response measures should be formulated. Because there are many factors that affect the risk of material misstatement in financial statements, and each factor has a wide influence on financial statements, it is difficult to be limited to a specific identification in general. Therefore, after auditing the risk of major misstatement at the report level, the overall response measures should be taken. 5. The audit of financial statements needs to design further audit procedures to determine the level of risk of material misstatement. The risk of material misstatement in financial statements and the overall countermeasures taken have a great impact on the implementation of further audit procedures. Therefore, certified public accountants should design further audit procedures for the risk of material misstatement at the identified level, so as to reduce the inspection risk to an acceptable level. 6. The audit of financial statements should pay attention to the internal relationship between the two levels of risk audit of material misstatement. From the final appearance of material misstatement, the risk of material misstatement at the level of financial statements is related to the identification of specific types of transactions, account balances and presentations, and may also be related to multiple specific identifications. Therefore, we should pay attention to the internal relationship between the financial statement level and the audit of major misstatement risk at the identification level.

What are the balance sheet and income statement in the monthly financial statement?

Excel topic of compiling financial statements: automatically generating T-account, account balance sheet, balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement.

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What are the basic requirements for preparing financial statements? In order to give full play to the role of financial statements, the quality of financial statements must be guaranteed. Therefore, property management companies should meet the following basic requirements when preparing financial statements:

First, the principle of going concern.

If it is no longer reasonable for an enterprise to prepare financial statements on the basis of going concern, the enterprise shall prepare financial statements on other bases and disclose this fact in the notes.

Second, the principle of fair statement.

When presenting financial statements, an enterprise shall confirm and measure them in strict accordance with the actual transactions and events, and in accordance with the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises-Basic Standards and other accounting standards, so as to truthfully reflect the transactions and other economic matters of the enterprise and truly and fairly reflect the financial position, operating results and cash flow of the enterprise. Enterprises should not replace confirmation and measurement with notes disclosure.

Third, the accrual principle.

In addition to the cash flow statement, the financial statements presented by enterprises should be prepared in accordance with the accrual basis principle.

Fourth, the principle of consistency in information presentation.

The presentation of financial statement items shall be consistent in each accounting period, and shall not be changed at will, except that the accounting standards require changes in the presentation of financial statement items or the business nature of the enterprise has undergone major changes, which can provide more reliable and relevant accounting information.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) importance principle

The omission or misstatement of an item in an enterprise's financial statement will affect the economic decision of users accordingly, and the item is of great significance. The importance should be judged according to the environment of the enterprise and the nature and amount of the project. Items with different properties or functions shall be listed separately in the financial statements, except for unimportant items. Items with similar nature or function belong to important categories, which shall be listed separately in financial statements according to their categories.

Sixth, the principle of offset.

Assets and liabilities, income and expenses in an enterprise's financial statements shall not offset each other, except as otherwise provided by other accounting standards. Assets are listed in net amount after deducting impairment reserve, while gains and losses arising from non-daily activities are listed in net amount after deducting expenses from income, and are not offset.

Seven. Comparability principle of information presentation

The presentation of an enterprise's current financial statements shall at least provide comparative data of all items presented in previous comparable accounting periods, as well as explanations related to understanding the current financial statements, unless otherwise stipulated by other accounting standards. If the presentation of financial statement items changes, the comparative data of the previous period shall be adjusted according to the presentation requirements of the current period, and the reasons, nature and amount of each adjustment shall be disclosed in the notes. If it is not feasible to adjust the previous comparative data (that is, the enterprise can't adopt a certain regulation after making all reasonable efforts), the reasons for the inability to adjust should be disclosed in the notes.

Eight. Requirements for first presentation of financial statements

An enterprise should at least disclose in a prominent position in the financial statements: the name of the enterprise, the balance sheet date or the accounting period covered by the financial statements, the unit of RMB amount, and if it is a consolidated financial statement, the financial statements should also be indicated.

Article 23 An enterprise shall, in accordance with the format and contents of accounting statements stipulated in the unified accounting system of the state, prepare accounting statements according to the accounting books and other relevant materials that have been completely registered and verified, so that the contents are complete, the figures are true and the calculations are accurate, and no omission or arbitrary selection is allowed.

Twenty-fourth accounting statements and accounting statement items, where there is a corresponding relationship between the figures, should be consistent with each other; The relevant figures of the current period and the previous period in the accounting statements should be connected with each other.

Twenty-fifth accounting statements and notes to financial statements shall, in accordance with the provisions of these regulations and the unified accounting system of the state, make a true, complete and clear explanation of the matters that need to be explained in accounting statements.