Family skills in the census

Household survey is a statistical survey method in which investigators go deep into households and directly learn and register relevant census information from the respondents. Household survey skills are related to whether accurate census data can be collected. In practice, the quality of enumerators is also very high, which requires enumerators not only to master the purpose, content and methods of census, but also to have strong communication skills and adaptability, so that enumerators can better cooperate with census registration according to their own psychological state, behavior and other personalized characteristics. From this perspective, the quality of census takers, or the proper mastery and application of household survey skills, is directly related to whether accurate census data can be obtained. Combined with the practical experience of the pilot population census in Zhijiang County and the upcoming population census, this paper discusses some superficial feelings on household skills and inquiry methods, as well as the countermeasures under special circumstances for your discussion.

First, the difficulties and problems often encountered when entering the household

1, the respondent has questions. The census takes the form of household survey and on-site declaration, some of which involve the vital interests of the masses. Some census objects are worried that once they are truthfully registered, this information may become the basis for punishment by the relevant authorities and they are unwilling to provide the real situation. They are worried that government functional departments will increase the relevant fees according to the census data in the future, which will have a psychological shadow on the census objects, especially the floating population and the unplanned population. They are worried that the government will use the census to collect their fees.

2. Some special people have resistance to the survey. For example, laid-off workers, people with bad records, individuals with difficulties in life, people who have been released from reeducation through labor, people who have been petitioning for a long time, people who are dissatisfied with the compensation for demolition, and so on. Perhaps because of the conflict with the government and society, they are unwilling to cooperate with the census work, or even make rude remarks and become "nail households" in the census.

3. Most interviewees only passively accept the survey. From the previous economic census, agricultural census and other surveys, every time, only the respondents should do their duty, and the respondents passively accept the survey. Afraid of trouble and the improvement of personal privacy awareness of census subjects, they don't understand, support or cooperate with census work, which leads to difficulties in household registration.

4. The "three difficulties" of "difficult to meet a household", "difficult to enter the door" and "ugly face".

5. The awareness of personal privacy protection is enhanced, so that the census objects are alert. People's awareness of protecting personal privacy has obviously increased. Many housing situations, such as divorce, remarriage and adoption of children, are regarded as personal privacy. Due to various reasons, the census subjects have a strong sense of vigilance and are unwilling to provide the real situation in the census.

6, interest-driven, so that the census object conceals the facts. Some people, driven by interests, are worried about losing the benefits they have gained, such as compensation for demolition and receiving unsold death benefits, and conceal the truth.

7. It is difficult for foreigners to get active cooperation because their language and habits are different from those of China people. Due to the great differences in language, living habits, living background and way of thinking, foreigners will have different ideas and demands on the way of entering households, language expression and publicity, and may refuse the census in different ways and for different reasons.

8. It is difficult to get accurate information when you are old, weak, sick, or sick or children. Some households only have elderly people, underage children or nannies, and they don't know the exact situation of the households, so they can't provide comprehensive and accurate population information and can't complete the task at one time.

9. For an uninhabited house, it is difficult to get in touch with the owner. For unoccupied vacant households, if they have registered accounts, it is difficult to contact the owners and obtain census data.

10. It is difficult to obtain complete census data for the phenomenon of multiple households in one room. In the case of multiple households in one room, it is easy to miss the census data if you don't ask in detail when you enter the room.

1 1. It is difficult for families with births and deaths to obtain real information. For various reasons, if the dead population is not written off in time, it is difficult for families born with foreign population to provide real census data.

Second, the preparatory work before entering the home

In view of the above difficulties and problems, in order to successfully complete the household registration task, enumerators must be fully prepared ideologically and at work, mainly including the following aspects:

1, be prepared psychologically and build up firm confidence. We should correctly understand the purpose, significance and importance of the census; Establish a high sense of responsibility and awareness of census according to law; It is necessary to fully prepare for the difficulty of the census and enhance the confidence in completing the census. Every census taker must wear a work permit, dress neatly, behave dignified, smile and be confident. Why are you doing this? Because everyone has different ideas and habits, not every family will warmly welcome you and cooperate with your census work. Some people will not let you in when they know there are people at home. Some throw you a household registration book and then shut you out; Some people complain when they meet, and so on, which may cause our enumerators to be unhappy and affect the census work, so every enumerator should remember that our work is glorious and it is our pride to participate in and complete it. Therefore, we should always maintain a state of self-confidence, eliminate the doubts of the respondents, and conduct household surveys smoothly.

2, clear the census task, grasp the census content. It is necessary to clarify the tasks of the census, master the contents and requirements of the census plan, and know the rights and obligations; Able to answer business questions of census freely; For household registration management, family planning, employment and other policy issues, the respondents are reminded to consult the relevant administrative departments and make patient and meticulous explanations.

3, familiar with the scope of the census area, grasp the census object. Step into the census community ahead of time, get familiar with the geographical boundaries and environmental conditions, and grasp some special households' living conditions such as unborn population, dead population, settled population abroad and foreign population through the household information provided by the community census team, so as to provide first-hand information for household inquiry.

4. Design the entrance route in advance and prepare all kinds of household items. According to the household registration information, as well as the census object information provided by the community neighborhood committee, and in combination with the travel rules of the census object, design the household route, prepare the census card, commitment letter, census form, household gifts and census appliances, especially the message note, and stick it on the door of the household who has not knocked at the door to make an appointment for the next household visit.

Third, household skills and inquiry methods

When entering a household, the enumerator should pay attention to the ways and methods while observing the relevant systems and regulations, use certain household skills and inquiry methods, and take effective measures in combination with the actual situation to ensure that the census registration is neither heavy nor leaking. (a) domestic skills

1, enter the door. When registering at home, the census taker should pay attention to his appearance and knock at the door in a moderate voice. When you come straight to the point, you should introduce yourself concisely, with clear intentions and strong affinity, show your identity and purpose, and highlight the security and confidentiality of the registered content, so that there are laws to follow. You can say softly, "Hello! Excuse me, I'm a census taker in People's Republic of China (PRC) office. I am conducting the sixth national census this year. Now I need to take a moment of your time to register a census form. " "Our census takers have strict confidentiality responsibilities, please rest assured!" And other statements, but also to produce work permits, in order to eliminate the doubts of the respondents. At the same time, we should pay attention to some details, such as getting permission from the residents before entering the house. It is best not to use too thin shoe covers when entering the door, and check whether there is any problem with the soles. We should leave our umbrellas outside the door on rainy days.

2. register. After entering the household, the census taker should hand over the prepared sample form to the applicant, and ask the applicant to provide relevant documents such as household registration book, ID card or temporary residence permit as far as possible, and combine the obtained information to ensure the authenticity and accuracy of the registration information. In the process of registration, the enumerator should smile, clearly state the indicators in the census form, avoid speaking too slowly or too fast, and create a relaxed and harmonious census atmosphere with a calm and friendly tone. At the beginning of the inquiry, the topic should be carried out according to the situation, such as: if there are children at home, you can ask them; If there are old people, ask them about their health. In the process of registration, enumerators should use some inquiry skills according to the differences of applicants and the difficulty of indicators, and adapt to the actual situation. If the respondent misunderstood the question or didn't understand it clearly, the enumerator should help the applicant understand the question in common language. In the process of registration, if the candidate is silent, it may be because he doesn't understand the questions or considers how to answer some sensitive questions. At this time, if there are other people around you, you can suggest others to avoid it in a more euphemistic way, politely pull the topic back to the relevant content in the census form, and emphasize the confidentiality system to the other party. After the census form is registered, the enumerator should read out the contents of the record to the applicant, sign it himself after confirming the authenticity, and then ask the applicant to sign it. The enumerator quickly browses the form for omissions and logical errors while reading it, and corrects the problems in time when found.

Step 3 get out. When completing the household registration, the census taker should thank the applicant for taking the time to cooperate with the registration, and should politely say, "Thank you for your cooperation!" " ""sorry to bother you! "And inform the official registration and verification time, and hope to ask him (her) to cooperate at that time, so that the applicant can feel the importance of registration and prepare for the next census.

(2) Inquiry method

In the household registration work, the respondents may be unwilling or unable to truly reflect the relevant survey information for various reasons. Therefore, enumerators should pay attention to methods, master and use certain inquiry skills, and improvise according to the actual situation. While observing the relevant inventory regulations and requirements, the inventory registration work can often achieve twice the result with half the effort.

1, friendly. During the interview, the enumerator should always smile, keep a cordial, warm and sincere tone of conversation, and create a relaxed and harmonious conversation environment.

2. Make it clear. The enumerator should clearly state all the questions in the questionnaire, and don't speak too slowly or too fast to ensure that the interviewee can hear the questions clearly.

3. The content is comprehensive. If the enumerator does not ask questions in the order of the questionnaire, or encounters questions that refuse to be answered during the interview, he should record them during the interview and check them before the end of the interview to see if the investigation content is completed.

4. Appropriate explanation. The interviewee misunderstood the question or didn't understand it clearly. The census taker used popular language to help the interviewee understand the question accurately.

Step by step. The so-called "step by step" means that if we can get others to accept our small requirements, it will be easier for them to accept bigger requirements than if they didn't ask for them before. As the interview progresses, the respondent's vigilance and resistance will decrease. At this time, if you ask the respondents some sensitive information, the possibility and degree of cooperation of the respondents will be greatly increased, which is conducive to the smooth completion of the census work.

6. Choose the time to enter the house. The census taker should determine the time of entering the household according to different respondents. Generally speaking, it is necessary to choose the rest time of the census object, such as noon and evening. And we should pay attention to avoid others, because many contents in the census form visited by enumerators involve the personal information and privacy of the respondents, so in order to let the respondents speak freely, we should try to choose a time or environment where no one else is present to visit and register. In the presence of others, we can suggest finding another place to talk in a more euphemistic way.

7. Stick to the theme. The conversation in the interview should closely follow the relevant indicators in the census form and listen to each other's opinions. When the respondents are too far away from the topic, enumerators should find the right time and adopt appropriate methods to politely pull the topic back to the relevant investigation contents in the questionnaire, thus saving working time.

Four, how to deal with and deal with the special situation of households.

(a) how to deal with the special situation of refusing to visit households?

1. Deal with the problem that census objects question the census work and the identity of census takers. The census object will be "Why do I trust you?" And have the psychology of refusing to visit. If the census object doubts the credibility of the census registration, the enumerator can not only show his work permit, but also show relevant government documents, publicity materials and questionnaires printed by the state to gain the trust of the other party.

2. Answer the question about the scope of the census object. The census object will be "Why are you investigating me?" And have the psychology of refusing to visit. When encountering such problems, the enumerator should explain to the enumerator that the enumerator is a natural person in China and a citizen of China who has not settled abroad. And tell the respondents: According to the regulations, you belong to our investigation scope, and I am responsible for the respondents.

3. Explain that census data will be kept strictly confidential. The census object will be "Who will see my information? Does the use of my information affect me? " And have the psychology of refusing to visit. In this case, the enumerator should introduce the relevant provisions of the Statistics Law and the National Census Regulations on the basis of showing and signing the confidentiality undertaking to the census object, and explain in detail the provisions that census institutions and staff have the responsibility and obligation to keep the census information confidential, and personal data shall not be provided and disclosed to the outside world.

4. Explain the time taken by the census. Respondents will refuse to investigate on the grounds that "I am too busy to be investigated". In this case, the enumerator needs to distinguish carefully. If the census object is really busy and can't accept household registration, the enumerator can suggest to the census object according to the actual situation: "I'll wait for you to finish this matter and register later" or make an appointment for the next household registration. If the census object is just trouble, the enumerator should help the census object clearly understand the importance and legitimacy of the census and strive for time to register as soon as possible.

It is difficult for census takers to enter the residential building with "access control" device. The census taker can contact the property management department, strive for support and cooperation, and conduct household surveys on the residents in the building.

6. After the enumerator patiently explained the propaganda, the respondents still resolutely refused to investigate. In this case, the enumerator should report to the higher census institution in time, and the street people's general office and the staff of relevant departments will form an investigation team to solve the problem in a unified way.

7. It is difficult for enumerators to deal with mental patients. The census taker should know the situation of mental patients in the census area through the community neighborhood committee in advance, and apply for the assistance of the police in the jurisdiction to complete the census task.

8. The personal safety of census takers is threatened. If abused, verbally threatened, physically harassed or threatened with violence, the enumerator should leave quickly and report to the census instructor. Unified registration by the community census team. When conducting a census in an area with a complicated public security environment that can be predicted in advance, or at night, it is best to have two or more census takers working together or accompanied to ensure the personal safety of the investigators.

9. After patient explanation and publicity by the enumerator, the surveyed households still resolutely refused to investigate. Families who refuse to visit are generally concentrated in four categories: first, people with high income, high academic qualifications and certain status refuse to conduct a census on the grounds of invasion of privacy, such as university faculty, financial industry staff and management leaders; Second, the unemployed, the subsistence allowances, and the land acquisition and demolition objects. These people have a strong resistance to the investigation because of dissatisfaction, and even insult and hurt the enumerators; (3) Those who violate family planning evade the census for fear of being punished; Fourth, collective households and service personnel in special industries are reluctant to disclose personal information because of the particularity of their work. In this case, the enumerator should report to the higher census institution in time, and then an investigation team composed of local people and relevant personnel can be adopted to solve the problem in a unified way. Those with particularly bad nature can also be investigated and dealt with according to law. In addition to mobilizing grassroots forces such as film police, police assistants and village leaders, individual mobilization is also needed to ensure the timely completion of housework. We can also consider solving the problem through statistical law enforcement and media exposure to achieve the effect of "punishing one and teaching one".

10, the respondent is not here. At present, the separation of households is still serious, and the number of "empty households" is large, which also increases the difficulty of household registration. Especially in the census community where land acquisition, demolition and talent center are located, people with multiple houses can't grasp their current residence and related information, which makes the registration work more difficult. In this case, the enumerator should take the initiative to establish a friendly relationship with the person who received him, and through this relationship, understand and determine the best time to find and visit the respondents. If necessary, adopt the method of "staying, beating, guarding and relying" to improve the household registration rate.

(2) Problems needing attention

1. Ways and means to ask sensitive indicators such as death population and marital status. The census taker should know the situation in advance through the information provided by community neighborhood committees, police stations, family planning departments and civil affairs departments, such as the death population and marital status. Don't just ask, "Are there any dead people in your family?" How many times have you been married? "And so on, all these are easy to arouse the disgust of the census objects, but we should adopt a euphemistic way to ask," Has the population structure of your family changed this year? "Has your marital status changed?" And other questions to avoid the embarrassing situation caused by the unwillingness of the census object to answer.

2. Remedial measures that need to be taken when the contents of the census form are found to be wrong. After completing the investigation, the enumerator should conduct self-examination as soon as possible. Once the logical relationship of indicators in the table is found to be inconsistent, a "list of verification contents" should be filled in and reviewed by the instructor. On the premise of confirming the existing problems, contact the applicant again, conduct household verification and verification again, and correct the mistakes on the spot.

(3) Handling of some special circumstances.

1. When knocking at the door, the enumerator should avoid using "May I bother you?" "May I ask you some questions?" If this kind of registration is allowed, it will be easier for the census object to refuse or be unwilling to accept the registration from the beginning. This has happened to our census takers. Once a census taker said, "Sorry, I don't have time or time. I don't want to be surveyed by you.". The enumerator should let the enumerator know that it is his duty to cooperate with the census, and establish friendly relations with it to improve the cooperation rate.

2. When registering your household registration, after a brief introduction, you should strive for time to start registration immediately. In case the enumerator is really busy or there are guests at home who are inconvenient to accept registration, make an appointment with the enumerator before going home. After entering the house, if the householder or someone who knows the situation is not here, you can register what you can fill in first, determine the best time to enter the house again, and complete all the registered contents. If you encounter some problems that residents can't solve when you make a door-to-door investigation, you can record them and show the census object that you will report them to the relevant departments. Don't flatly refuse them, because the census taker's household registration represents a kind of government behavior, so you should be honest with each other and do your best! If the respondent is in a bad mood and refuses to register after you repeatedly explain and show the national census regulations, we can't leave in anger or quarrel with him. We should say politely, "Sorry to bother you! I hope you can contact us when you are free "and re-register at home by other means. For many times can't come to the door, don't know the telephone number of the survey households, to post a notice, tell the appointed time. If the investigator doesn't contact you after seeing the notice, you should go to the door to see if the notice has been torn up and so on to judge whether the family is inhabited.

Fifth, how to solve the problem of difficult household registration.

1, widely publicize and create a good social atmosphere. In order to increase the confidence of census takers and reassure the respondents, it is necessary to make a good publicity plan, ensure the necessary publicity funds, and take various forms to carry out extensive, in-depth and targeted publicity and mobilization in combination with local conditions. In particular, residents in urban communities don't know each other, so the community should focus on publicity, so that enumerators can register at home in the future. It is necessary to make full use of all places where people stay and gather, such as community gates, billboards, stairs, elevators, village (residential) main roads, and agricultural stores (small department stores), so that all census objects can understand, support and participate in the census. It is also necessary to use brochures, radio, television, color ring tones, posters, banners and other popular forms to widely publicize the census policies, requirements and significance, do a good job in propaganda and mobilization, dispel the ideological concerns of census objects, guide the masses to cooperate with the census according to law, and truthfully declare census items.

2. Broaden channels and form a capable "duo" team. It is necessary to enrich influential, upright, skilled and responsible personnel into the ranks of the "couple" and do a good job in the census by virtue of their prestige in society. The quality, skills and sense of responsibility of census workers, especially the "two committees" are very important. Of course, census objects are more easily accepted by census workers who are trusted and honest in society, and the contents they publicize about the census are also easy to arouse the condemnation of census objects, and it is also easy for census objects to tell the truth to such census workers and fill in real census data. The low professional quality of enumerators directly affects their census data. Census enumerators with low quality and unfamiliar business are easy to ask for quantity, not quality, or even "household registration" according to census requirements, making assumptions out of thin air and building cars behind closed doors, resulting in inaccurate census data. Therefore, the selection and transfer of personnel should be strictly controlled.

3, overcome difficulties, and effectively solve the "three difficulties" problem. The so-called "three difficulties" are "the door is difficult to see", "the door is difficult to enter" and "the face is ugly". To solve the "three difficulties" problem, we must adopt "reservation method", "detour method", "waiting method", "tracking method", "combination of station registration and household registration method" and "up and down series method".

The "appointment method" is aimed at the situation that individual census objects go out and go home irregularly because of many affairs and busy work. The census taker can publish the telephone number of the investigation team in the letter to the census household, make an appointment to register the survey, and be on call. At the same time, take the initiative to meet these census objects at different times to make an appointment, so that they can determine the appropriate census registration time according to their actual situation and complete the census registration task on the premise of facilitating the census objects;

The "bypass method" is aimed at individual census objects who don't understand, cooperate or even open the door and don't meet. The census taker chooses to avoid these households first, register with the neighbor's house and come back after a while. At the same time, through the persuasion of relatives and friends, patient and meticulous publicity and guidance, so as to win their trust and cooperation.

The "tracking method" is aimed at some census objects who have been engaged in business activities for a long time in registration. In order to ensure that these survey households are registered within the specified time, the census personnel should find out the business premises and activity rules of the respondents in various ways, and trace and find the respondents according to the clues, so as to achieve the goal of "no leakage of houses, houses, households and people".

The "waiting law" is aimed at unregistered survey households. Before going to work every day, the census takers are waiting at the gate of the community, asking unregistered residents, or making an appointment or registering on the spot to check for missing places. At the same time, waiting downstairs in the community every night, for unregistered residents, as soon as the lights in the room are on, they will register at home immediately.

"The method of combining station registration with household registration" means that in the census registration, household registration is the main thing in each community, supplemented by station registration. For residents who can't meet, the census taker can leave a small note on the door of the census object, indicating the working time and place of the registration station, and leaving the phone number of the census object, so that the census object can contact the census taker directly.

"Up-down series method" is the process of household registration, and enumerators often go to the next household and ask the next household (that is, ask the general situation of the next household, such as family population, work unit, etc. ). This method is more suitable for demolition and resettlement communities, dormitory areas, family areas and well-known rural census areas in the neighborhood.

4, combined with the census, strengthen statistical law enforcement. In order to make the census go smoothly, it is also very important to strengthen statistical law enforcement. It is necessary to strictly implement the Statistics Law and the Regulations on the National Census and other laws and regulations, strengthen statistical law enforcement, and strictly guard against fraud and false reporting. For the illegal acts in the census, the statistical law enforcement departments should give education and punishment according to the statistical law to improve the authority of the government census.

6. The essence of interview skills lies in the flexible use of it according to time and people, and it cannot be mechanically copied.

Due to the combination of different cultural qualities, different personal qualities, different ways of answering questions, different questioning time and other factors, the complexity can be imagined, and it can not be analyzed clearly in one or two sentences. Census takers need to learn to observe the face and color, make quick judgments on the types of census objects, choose appropriate questioning methods, and some need to change questioning strategies. In a word, even if you master the common sense of visiting skills, you still need to constantly experience and summarize in practice.