How to understand the artistic characteristics of China classical gardens

The main feature of China classical gardens is to learn from nature and take rich and colorful natural landforms as the blueprint; Respecting nature and being close to nature, that is to say, "taking truth as falsehood" to shape mountains and rivers, is also an inheritance of China's traditional method of building mountains and controlling water, and "confusing truth with falsehood" makes mountains and rivers higher than nature. Starting from the similarity of China classical gardens in composition, conception, interest, dynamic time sequence and scene selection techniques, this paper summarizes six artistic features of China classical gardens. From the perspective of the gardening idea of harmony between man and nature and humanistic aesthetics of poetry and painting, China classical gardens, as a kind of "humanized nature", not only meet some utilitarian purposes, but also have valuable artistic value.

China's classical gardens have rich connotations and unique artistic ideas, and her superb gardening style has amazed the world. From the perspective of appreciation, summary and practice, we find that China classical gardens mainly have landscape elements such as mountain building, pond management, plants, architecture, painting and calligraphy. Through ingenious landscaping techniques, such as suppressing the scene, adding the scene, clamping the scene, facing the scene, framing the scene, missing the scene, clicking the scene, borrowing the scene, etc., the feelings are integrated into the scene, and the concept is novel, which makes people feel that there is an artistic effect created by people.

I. Surrounded by mountains and rivers, there are precious trees and famous flowers, and comprehensive art China classical gardens are comprehensive works of art composed of plants, landscapes and buildings. Commonly used ornamental flowers and trees include pine, bamboo, plum, camphor, orchid, chrysanthemum, willow, lotus, rose, camellia, winter jasmine, peony, etc. Their selection and planting are generally related to the geographical environment of the garden and the temperament entrusted by the owner. Water management in gardens also embodies the interest of literati through the choice of types and forms. There are various forms of garden water: lakes, ponds, rivers, streams, streams, springs and waterfalls. According to the specific situation of water source and topography in the park, we should give natural guidance in the comparison and connection of size, movement and twists and turns to achieve the goal. Its shape is realized in the pursuit of the other side of the curved water, which seems to be separated and connected. Wen Zhenheng elaborated on the water management of Changwu Branch, especially the management of Guangchi, Xiaochi and Waterfalls. Indeed, landscape modeling is the main framework of the garden. Therefore, some people think that gardens have mountains, such as people have bones; The water in the garden is like human blood.

In the garden art, for the garden that pursues "humanization and nature", purely artificial pavilions are not the main elements, but some specific scenic spots can still become the main scenery. There are pavilions, buildings, houses, pavilions, boats, pavilions, pavilions, corridors, halls, halls, pavilions and other buildings in the park. No matter what type of building, its shape, size, proportion, location, density and height all meet the needs of landscape theme. This requires: the shape is light and smart, it does not require magnificence, the decoration is exquisite and smart, it does not require rich and beautiful appearance, the space is open and circulated, and it is not closed and rigorous. In addition, color and texture are also very important to gardens. Red is warm, blue is quiet, gold is luxurious, white is clean, and different colors have different emotional appeal. In order to imitate nature and reflect the taste of literati, gardeners basically use natural colors. There are two kinds of textures: one is the material itself, such as warm wood, transparent glass and simple stone; The other comes from the processing of materials. For example, if the stone is rough, it will be thick and rough, and if it is smooth, it will be elegant and luxurious. Different textures also have different aesthetic feelings. These different aesthetic feelings are manifested in the mountains, water, buildings, flowers and trees in the garden. It can be seen that texture and color, plus volume and lines, plus outline, proportion and scale, constitute the artistic elements of garden modeling.

Second, the pursuit of conception, generalization, refinement, and strive for similarity. China Garden is a collection of world famous mountains and places of interest. After careful selection, high generalization and refinement. Although it is based on nature rather than pure natural imitation, it has a novel concept. It is the spiritual realm of Wan Li's rivers and lakes to show a beautiful peak and a spoonful. This artistic beauty obtained through artistic processing is full of immersive, deja vu and mysterious feelings, giving people a beautiful inspiration of poetic or touching the scene.

Third, the landscaping is implicit, intriguing and a little enlightened. The beauty of China's classical gardens is implicit, and one mountain and one stone is thought-provoking. The more you look at Beauty Peak, the more you like it. A little understanding of Yuanyang Hall; The pavilion plaque became a description of the scenery. Another example is the pavilion surrounded by lotus wind in the humble administrator's garden. Although there is no lotus wind, it is also thought-provoking. Another example is the pavilion in the west of Humble Administrator's Garden, which has only one or two chairs, but with the help of Su Shi, a great poet in the Song Dynasty, "Who are you going to sit with?" The beautiful sentence of "the moon is bright and the wind is cool" will give birth to an elegant mood and interest while feeling the poet's lonely mood.

Fourth, dynamic layout is like a picture scroll, which you can never get tired of. The dynamic sequence layout makes the garden space become a continuous sequence of scenery, which has the artistic effect of "mountains and heavy waters have no way to return to doubt, and there is another village in the dark." Taking Suzhou Liuyuan as an example, the beauty of its space management ranks among the best in its gardens, no matter from the crane station to the garden, passing through the Wu Fengxian Mountain Pavilion, to the Qingfeng Pavilion, the winding path building to the central mountain pond; Or meander through the garden gate and enter the East Garden through the Wu Fengxian Pavilion. Its spatial size, light and shade, opening and closing and uneven contrast all form a rhythmic spatial connection, which is ups and downs, just like an elegant picture scroll.

Fifth, write scenery with emotion, express feelings with scenery, and blend scenes. Gardening is like poetry, and its style often depends on the gardener's feelings, wishes or ideals. For example, the word "husband and wife" in Suzhou Couples Garden expresses the meaning that both husband and wife return to their fields to live in seclusion and work together. However, the artistic conception of "husband and wife garden" is not "returning to the field", but sincere love between husband and wife. Another example is the Netscape Garden in Suzhou, which takes fishing as the theme, chooses a lake-like water body and sets off the landscape of lakes and mountains with mountains as the background, just in line with the theme and interest of fishing. This unity of scene form and ideological content also embodies the so-called artistic conception of scene blending, giving people a complete impression and intriguing depth, and making aesthetic interest leap into a higher realm.

Six, the north and south gardens, mutual integration, harmony and unity. The integration of northern gardens and Jiangnan gardens has achieved a harmonious unity of gorgeous and elegant, rough and quiet, solemn and easy-going, serious and lively. The guiding ideology of court gardening in Qing Dynasty is to imitate famous gardens around the country. According to the topographical features of each park, the whole park is divided into several scenic spots. The beautiful scenery in all parts of the country, especially in the south of the Yangtze River, has become the blueprint for Qingyuan's landscaping. For example, there are 36 scenes in chengde mountain resort, 36 scenes in Jingming Garden and 40 scenes in Yuanmingyuan. Each scenic spot has its own unique theme, artistic conception and interest. In fact, this artistic technique is based on the tradition of 18 scenic spots such as the West Lake. As far as the architectural attractions in the park are concerned, the influence of Jiangnan gardens is more obvious. For example, Jinshan Pavilion and Yuyan Pavilion in chengde mountain resort are modeled after Jinshan Temple in Zhenjiang and Yuyan Building in Jiaxing, Lion Forest in Wen Yuan is modeled after Suzhou Lion Forest, and Jinwen Pavilion is modeled after Tianyi Pavilion in Zhejiang. As a result, the palace gardens have been nourished by folk nutrients, thus opening up the field of artistic creation. Mo Yun, a kind of natural, simple and poetic, blends into the neat and elegant court color. This style of expressing the gentle and charming feelings of Jiangnan with the vigorous pen of the north is a valuable artistic re-creation.

In a word, the design of classical gardens in China pays attention to harmony, harmony, complementary differences, contrast, scene blending, integration and unification, and dynamic and static combination. China classical garden is a garden art system with high artistic achievements and unique style. It is the main representative of oriental garden art and occupies an important position in the world garden history. His gardening techniques and artistic style not only influenced the gardening art in Japan and Southeast Asian countries, but also had a considerable influence on Britain in western Europe.