What are the good effects of logistics outsourcing in colleges and universities?

Interpretation of logistics management mode in colleges and universities in the new era I. Evolution of logistics management mode in colleges and universities in the socialization reform of logistics.

(A) the historical evolution of the socialization of university logistics in China.

After the founding of New China, China's colleges and universities completely rely on national financial resources to run their own logistics. After the reform and opening up, higher education has developed rapidly, and the ability and quality of logistics support have gradually become the bottleneck restricting the development of higher education in China. 1985 "the central government's decision on the reform of education system" puts forward: "the reform of logistics service in colleges and universities is extremely important to ensure the smooth progress of education reform. The direction of reform is socialization. " This is the first time to put forward the socialization reform of logistics in colleges and universities. ? 1999165438+1October 2nd, the first national conference on logistics socialization reform in colleges and universities was held in Shanghai. June 5438+1October 65438+April 2000 The General Office of the State Council forwarded the opinions of the Ministry of Education and other departments on further accelerating the socialization reform of logistics in colleges and universities. Taking this as a symbol, a vigorous reform of logistics socialization in colleges and universities swept across China.

(B) the evolution of the management model of colleges and universities in the process of reform.

In the past ten years, colleges and universities have assessed the situation, combined with their own reality, made active explorations in promoting logistics reform and improving service quality, and made positive contributions to the stability and development of the school; At the same time, it has accumulated a lot of experience in logistics operation in colleges and universities, laying a solid foundation for further deepening reform. Generally speaking, the business model of logistics management in colleges and universities has undergone two major changes.

1. The first divestiture of Party A and Party B ... In 2000, according to the Opinions on Further Accelerating the Socialization Reform of Logistics in Colleges and Universities issued by the Ministry of Education and other six ministries and commissions and the requirements of the State Council, most colleges and universities set up logistics service entities (logistics groups or logistics head offices), realizing the relative separation of logistics service system from school administrative management system and career establishment, and generally implementing the management system of "simulating the separation of Party A and Party B in schools". That is, the Logistics Management Office, as Party A, is the logistics administrative department of the school, and the Logistics Group, as Party B, is the logistics service entity of the school. Both institutions are responsible for the school. On behalf of the school, the Logistics Management Office entrusts the school's logistics operation service function to the logistics group in the form of contract, and supervises the operation service of the logistics group, and the logistics group charges reasonable fees according to the content and quality of the operation service provided. This reform not only enhances the strength of the logistics service system itself, but also creates conditions for attracting and accumulating more logistics resources due to the flexibility of service subjects brought about by the separation of Party A and Party B, thus providing a strong logistics guarantee for colleges and universities to expand enrollment and school-running scale.

2. A new round of logistics model reform. After the early divestiture, most university logistics groups have developed well, providing better logistics services for the normal development of teaching and scientific research and the daily life of teachers and students, and ensuring the orderly daily work of the school. However, with the gradual stabilization of the scale of running a university and the improvement of its own economic conditions, this simple separation system of Party A and Party B can obviously not meet the demand of logistics service guarantee for the development of universities. Practice has proved that this management system has many disadvantages: First, Party B, as a logistics service entity, has not established a modern enterprise system, but is still an internal institution of the school in essence; Second, the status of Party A and Party B is not equal, and Party B will eventually "focus on the overall situation of the school" and obey Party A; Third, if the relationship between Party A and Party B is not smooth, there will inevitably be differences and conflicts of interest from different angles. In addition, both sides are institutions within the school, and there is no independent legal person status, which easily leads to unsmooth relations and even prominent contradictions; Fourth, intermediate links and operating costs have increased. The management of school logistics service entities must be carried out through the logistics management department. In terms of institutional setup, logistics service entities and logistics management departments are both secondary units of the school, which increases the management cost of the school.

To this end, many universities across the country have made new explorations and choices to further optimize logistics service entities and business functions. The basic ways are: First, complete outsourcing, introducing a perfect service system in the society, pushing all logistics service entities to the society and implementing market-oriented operation. The second is to improve their own conditions, register economic entities with independent legal personality according to the modern enterprise system, and integrate the service entities on campus into the social service industry; Third, Party A and Party B reunite and further strengthen the support function of logistics through institutional adjustment. There are also many colleges and universities that combine the three organically. On the basis of withdrawing from purely economic attributes and weak service projects, we will focus on developing public welfare and strong service projects of campus logistics services.

This reform is a continuation of the last round of reform, but it is more determined, more perfect and more realistic than the last round of reform. After the exploration and development of the last round of reform, university logistics not only has certain strength and accumulated a lot of experience, but more importantly, it has a new concept and understanding of logistics reform. At the same time, after the test of reform practice, university logistics itself has made a good screening of logistics service content and projects, and has a basic judgment on which are advantages, which are disadvantages, which should be done by itself, which can be handed over to the society and so on. All these are conducive to further optimizing the logistics management and service mode of colleges and universities and rebuilding a new logistics support service system.

Second, combined with the reality of our school, talk about the practical exploration of logistics management mode in colleges and universities in the new period.

1, a brief comment on the socialization reform of logistics in our school. Bathed in the spring breeze of the socialization reform of logistics in colleges and universities nationwide, Jilin Agricultural University actively explores new modes, new ideas and new ways according to the spirit requirements of the national conference on socialization reform of logistics in colleges and universities and the relevant regulations of the Provincial Department of Education, and combines the actual logistics work, so as to steadily push forward the pace of socialization reform of logistics.

In 2000, our school reformed the idea of logistics, made a preliminary exploration of the socialization reform of logistics, broke the situation of relying entirely on schools for meals, actively integrated with the society, and opened public tenders to the society according to the principle that whoever invests benefits, and introduced social funds160,000 yuan to build new canteens and dormitories, thus opening up a new way of socialization.

In May, 20001year, according to the spirit of the document "Overall Plan of Logistics Socialization Reform in Colleges and Universities in Jilin Province", the school actively promoted the process of socialization reform and established a logistics corporation, covering catering, electric power, infrastructure maintenance, dormitory management, campus management, transportation, communication, property management, early childhood education and other aspects. The Logistics Office and the Logistics Company have formed an economic contract relationship between Party A and Party B. The Logistics Corporation realizes enterprise management. On the one hand, the school gives certain support policies to the Logistics Corporation, on the other hand, the Logistics Corporation provides service guarantee for the teaching and scientific research of the school. The establishment of logistics company marks the complete separation of management and service, Party A and Party B in our school, and the socialization reform of logistics has taken a substantial step, realizing the separation of logistics service operators and corresponding resources from the school administrative management system. On June+10, 5438, the inspection team of logistics socialization of the provincial education department came to our school to inspect and accept the reform of logistics socialization, which affirmed the completion of target management in our school. 1 1 In June, our university's logistics socialization reform was rated as the first in the province by the Provincial Department of Education, and made an experience speech at the provincial conference on logistics socialization.

In 2004, in order to further promote the socialization reform and realize the integration of logistics services with the market, the school began to hand over some service entities to mature social units. Successfully handed over the power supply management in the family area to the power supply company, and got rid of the problems that have plagued our school for many years, such as line loss, charging and power consumption classification; Through public bidding, social enterprises were introduced, which changed the management system of agricultural university kindergartens; In 2005, the transfer of water supply and heating to the social sector was completed. Tap water has been reformed, and farmers have been drinking safe water since then; The heating work is managed by Jingyue Thermal Power Company. At this point, the socialization reform of logistics in our school has taken a new step. In February, 65438, our school was rated as an advanced unit of logistics work in colleges and universities nationwide.

In 2006, the school deepened the reform of the internal management system, abolished the logistics corporation, and established a logistics group, which consists of offices, financial offices, catering service companies, apartment service companies, campus service companies, transportation service companies, infrastructure maintenance centers, property management centers, business centers, water supply centers, etc. On the basis of establishing and perfecting modern enterprise system, improving service function and enhancing competitiveness, the Group has further improved internal management mechanism, employment system, salary system, financial system, subsidy system, bonus distribution system and employment insurance system. Established an enterprise operation mechanism of self-management, self-financing, self-restraint and self-development, and built a new logistics support system with high efficiency, standardized behavior, good service and adaptability to career development. Through the development of high-quality services, the purpose of serving school teaching, scientific research, teachers and students has been further strengthened, and the service means, service level and service quality have changed greatly. Pay attention to solving some practical problems closely related to teachers and students, standardize service behavior and service process, and strive to build a service environment of "good quality, good style, excellent service and high efficiency" in logistics system, which has achieved good results.

The establishment of our school's logistics group has realized the first separation of our school's logistics A and B in the socialization reform, provided better logistics services for our school's teaching and scientific research and the normal development of teachers and students' daily life, provided a strong guarantee for our school's rapid development, and played an indelible role. However, as mentioned above, with the gradual stabilization of the school scale and the improvement of its own economic conditions, this simple separation system of Party A and Party B can obviously not meet the demand for logistics service guarantee in the development of colleges and universities, and the second transformation of logistics socialization management mode is imperative.

From June 5438 to 10, 2008, the Party Committee of our school reorganized the former logistics management office and logistics group into infrastructure planning office and logistics support office, and cancelled the relationship between Party A and Party B. The logistics socialization reform of our school entered a new development stage. Perhaps many people don't understand, and think that this is a return to the old road ten years ago, a resurgence of social reform, and a manifestation of unsuccessful reform. Actually, I don't think so. On the surface, this management system seems to be divided into two parts and then merged into one, which seems to be a simple recovery. In fact, this combination is not a simple merger, but a higher level of integration on the original basis. The purpose is to make the allocation of resources more reasonable, the command smoother, the action faster and the guarantee more efficient. The integrated logistics operation mechanism is still enterprise operation. The management system of "logistics integration" is by no means a return to the past general office mode, but an enterprise operation mechanism with unified management. The logistics department implements the financial management system of "unified leadership, centralized management, authorized examination and approval, and graded accounting" to strengthen cost accounting; By setting posts, responsibilities and salaries for all logistics staff, strict job evaluation system and scientific and reasonable reward and punishment system are implemented to link salary income with work performance and improve the enthusiasm of logistics staff; Integrate logistics manpower, financial resources and material resources, scientifically set up funding indicators, improve logistics management level, provide quality service guarantee for all teachers and students, actively explore new economic growth points, and strive to improve logistics economic benefits. Our school adopts this management mode mainly based on the following considerations:

2. The logistics group of our school does not have the conditions for independent legal person registration. The personnel structure of our school's logistics is extremely complicated, including business personnel, personnel agents, collective personnel and farm personnel. After the farm reform, the logistics took on the diversion of most farm workers. On the one hand, it is impossible for logistics personnel to leave the school completely, on the other hand, the overall quality of logistics group team is at a low level, which can not meet the needs of modern enterprise management. Without a high-quality team, it is impossible to make the enterprise bigger and stronger. If the enterprise can't become bigger and form economies of scale, in the semi-closed market of the school, with the increase of the operating cost of the enterprise and the stability of the school, the economic benefits of the enterprise can't meet the needs of its own development.

3. Complete outsourcing is not feasible for the time being. Since 2004, our school has gradually brought water, electricity, heating and kindergartens into the social system. In 2008, our school entrusted the property management of the family area to the social property company. This year, all student apartments and some teaching office buildings will be invited for public bidding, and social cleaning companies will be introduced to provide cleaning services. One of the characteristics of these fully socialized services is that there are relatively mature enterprises in the society, which can provide better services after socialization, and are not basic guarantee services related to school stability such as food, clothing, housing and transportation. And canteens, apartments and other entities with stable schools and close relationship between teachers and students do not have a mature enterprise in society, so it is not easy to blindly outsource.

Therefore, our school has adopted the management mode of logistics integration, merger of Party A and Party B, improving the support ability, retaining the management mode of the division and gradually outsourcing under the premise of mature conditions. However, whether this management model can well meet the requirements of the school's career development for logistics services and whether its internal elements can achieve the expected purpose requires not only theoretical discussion and improvement, but also continuous testing and revision in practice. However, in the current situation that the self-owned service system and social service system of colleges and universities cannot be completely integrated, this exploration may not be a way out.

Third, some thoughts on the socialization reform of logistics

1. Socialization is the only way for logistics reform. 1985 "the central government's decision on the reform of education system" puts forward that the direction of logistics reform in colleges and universities is socialization. After more than 20 years of practice, it has been proved that the socialization direction of logistics reform in colleges and universities is correct. The newly promulgated Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Education Reform and Development Plan also clearly points out that it is necessary to "promote the socialization reform of logistics in colleges and universities", so the road of socialization reform of logistics must continue, and any hesitation, wait-and-see and stop will not do. The goal of socialization reform of college logistics is to establish a new type of college logistics support system that adapts to China's socialist market economic system and the development of higher education. Its basic framework is: "market provides services, schools choose independently, government macro-control, industry self-discipline management, and functional departments supervise". It is a brand-new subject and a long process to establish a new logistics support system in colleges and universities. There is a long way to go to achieve this goal.

2. Mature market players are the key to realize the socialization of logistics reform. To achieve "the market provides services, and schools choose independently", the premise is to have qualified market players, otherwise schools will not be able to choose independently. Although the socialization reform of logistics has gone through several years, it still lacks qualified market players and cannot form competitive groups for schools to choose independently. The campus market is different from the social market. Although it also follows the laws of market economy, it should follow the laws of higher education, embody public welfare, and undertake the responsibility of maintaining the safety and stability of schools. Some social enterprises blindly pursue economic benefits and ignore social benefits after entering the university market, which affects the reputation and socialization effect of university logistics. Some social enterprises only pay attention to short-term benefits and ignore long-term planning in capital investment, material investment and business strategy, which is not conducive to the overall sustainable development of university logistics. There are also some social enterprises whose enthusiasm is greater than honesty. They lack the necessary spirit of contract when they talk about feelings and loyalty in cooperation with colleges and universities. They do not conscientiously fulfill the cooperation agreement and violate regulations from time to time. The problem of socialized apartments in our school is the product of this immature market. In order to pursue economic benefits and ignore social benefits, individual bosses cannot provide good safety services for students, and there are a lot of problems and hidden dangers. So this year, our school resolutely invested a lot of money to return the management right of 1 1 socialized apartment to the school on September 9, 2065438. Social enterprises need the joint efforts of the government, society, universities and other parties to become qualified subjects in line with the university service market. It is a long process from creating an honest and trustworthy social operation environment to helping powerful social enterprises understand and be familiar with the characteristics of the university market.

3. The mode of logistics socialization should be practical and realistic, suit local conditions, suit the time and school. The long-standing aim of "three services and two educations" of university logistics in China is to serve teaching, scientific research, teachers and students, and to educate people through management and service, which is determined by the duality of "economic attributes and educational attributes" of university logistics. This aim is the soul of the socialization reform of logistics in colleges and universities in China, which must be adhered to and cannot be shaken. Therefore, under the premise of adhering to the general direction of socialization, we should seek truth from facts, proceed from reality, and actively explore mechanisms and models suitable for the actual situation of our region and school. What kind of organizational model logistics adopts is only the form of logistics reform, which is an external manifestation, not the essence, not the connotation, and there is no model that is a standard or model among many organizational models. What kind of logistics organization mode the school adopts is not the key to the reform. The key to the reform lies in whether this organizational model implements a market-oriented operation mechanism and whether a new logistics support system can be established.

The socialization reform of logistics in colleges and universities is a basic and supporting work, and it is also a complex systematic project. Our country has no established successful examples to follow, but we should be good at groping for progress in practice. Only by adhering to the attitude of emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts and advancing with the times, adapting to local conditions, adapting to the times and adapting to the school can we find a way that suits us.