The history of Brazelli Garden

According to the records of 1086 doomsday trial, the land where Blackley Garden is located originally belonged to eton manor. 17 1 1 year, Brown Willis built a mansion there, but after Thomas Harrison obtained the property right in 1793, the mansion was demolished and rebuilt. After many years, the property in this area was transferred to Samuel Lipscombe Seckham again at 1877, and a Bracelli Garden appeared. 1On June 4th, 883, Sir Herbert Samuel Leon, a financier and MP of the Liberal Party (1850- 1926) bought the land and expanded the farmhouse originally built in the 1960s into what it is today.

Brazelli Garden is a building that combines Victorian Gothic, Tudor and Dutch Baroque styles. For this unique design, many people who visited and worked there during World War II left a blank and confused impression. Brazelli Garden itself covers 55 acres (22 hectares), while the whole manor covers 58 1 acre (235 hectares). After the deaths of Sir Leon and Lady Lyon in 1926 and 1937 respectively, the Blatchley Garden was resold to the developer in 1938, and the developer originally planned to raze it to the ground and build a large residential area. But at this time, Admiral Sir Hugh Sinclair bought the land. Sir Sinclair is the head of MI6, a former director of office of naval intelligence, and the founder of the Government Cryptography School. Before buying Blackley Garden, he tried to lobby the government to buy the property, but was rejected. In the end, Sir Sinclair paid 7500 pounds for Blackley Garden himself. It was not until 199 1 that people realized that the government did not own Blackley Garden on the eve of its demolition again.

Bracelli Garden is located along Varsity Line, which was originally a train line connecting Oxford University and Cambridge University. Although most of the university lines have been closed today, in the past, Bletchley Park used this convenience to facilitate the gathering of decryption experts from two universities. At present, there is still Brazelli Railway Station near Brazelli Garden, which is the main railway station on the west coast of England and can lead to London. In addition, the proximity of Brazelli Garden to telephone lines and the main road leading to London was the main consideration for Sir Sinclair to buy it. Just before the outbreak of World War II, the Polish Cryptography Bureau disclosed the cracking technology of the German Enigma cipher machine to the British intelligence department, and the British government began to interpret the signal of the Enigma cipher machine based on this information. On August 5th, 1939, the Government Cryptography School took the lead in moving into Brazelli Garden, in which the naval department, military department and air department of the school occupied the ground floor of the mansion, while the top floor was occupied by MI6. In addition, the building also has a telecommunications department, a telex room, a kitchen and a dining room for all employees to use. At the beginning of moving into Blackley Garden, the staff were crowded into luxury houses, stables and nearby farmhouses because the envisaged wooden houses had not yet been built. As for the building of the nearby Aimas Boarding Boys School, it was expropriated by the Ministry of Commerce and Foreign Affairs of the Government Cryptography School.

In the early days, the water tower in Blackley Garden was transformed into a radio room and named "Radio X". Although this name was later used as another name for Blackley Park, in fact, the radio room was quickly moved out of Blackley Park, because many long antennas protruded from it, so as not to make the whole base suspicious.

The work of Brazelli Garden in wartime is mainly to analyze the data collected by the national monitoring station from the Axis countries. Generally speaking, the initial data collected by the monitoring station will be quickly sent to Brazelli Garden by the intelligence personnel driving motorcycles. Later, the monitoring station can directly transmit the data by teletypewriter. Today, the most well-known "merit" of Brazelli Garden is the successful cracking of the encryption system of the German Ingmar cipher machine; But perhaps the greatest achievement of Bracelli Garden is that it cracked the password of FISH advanced teletypewriter in Germany.

All the information obtained by decryption in Brazelli Garden is code-named "Super". To a great extent, this information enabled the Allies to successfully sink many enemy U-submarines in the Atlantic campaign, and also laid the foundation for the Royal Navy's victory in the Battle of Mata Point and the Battle of North Point.

In addition, because the United States entered the war, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill agreed that President Roosevelt would let the two countries enjoy resources. In this context, many American cryptographers went to Blackley Park to cooperate with British experts. At that time, British experts were mainly responsible for German passwords, while American experts were mainly responsible for cracking passwords used in Japan.

During World War II, Blackley Garden was directly attacked only once. 1940,165438+1From October 20th to February 2nd, the enemy dropped three bombs over the manor. It is generally believed that the real target of those three bombs is actually the nearby Braselli Railway Station. Among the three bombs, one exploded near the messenger entrance of the mansion, and the strong vibration caused a slight displacement of the adjacent No.4 cabin (belonging to the naval intelligence department of the school). However, since these huts are built on brick columns, engineers can move them back to their original positions, while the people inside can continue to work.

Outside Blackley Garden, the British government also set up a similar frontline base in Kilindani, Kenya, to crack Japanese passwords. After a series of decryption operations and luck, until August 1945, the Japanese merchant fleet lost 90% of its ships. In wartime, the decryption of Blackley Garden was generally done by mathematicians and decryption experts. Among them, alan turing was the most famous expert in later generations, and Turing made great contributions to the wartime decryption.

Since 1943, a set of digital electronic computers has been introduced into Braselli Garden to decipher a German teletypewriter cipher system named TUNNY. The computer named "The Colossus" was designed by Tommy flowers and equipped and built by the Postal Research Station of the British Post Office.

In 1945, 1, that is, the month when the decryption operation reached its peak, about 9,000 people worked in Blackley Garden, and as many as 10000 people worked there in wartime. These recruits generally have unique talents, such as chess champions, crossword experts, people who are proficient in several languages or mathematical authorities. Among them, the most famous example is that the authorities in Blackley Park took the crossword puzzle of the Daily Telegraph as an interview test and ordered the interviewer to complete the crossword puzzle within 12 minutes. In addition, the newspaper was asked to hold a crossword puzzle competition, and then recruited the winners to participate in "a special job and contribute to the war". At the end of the Second World War, most of the equipment and blueprints of Brazelli Garden were destroyed. Although there were thousands of people involved in the decryption work, they remained silent after the war. It was not until the 1970s that the identity of Blackley Garden as a wartime decryption base was really revealed to the outside world. After the war, Brazelli Garden was occupied by different organizations, including British Telecom, Civil Aviation Authority and PACE (Civil Real Estate Consultant). In addition, until 1987, the Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ, the reorganized Government Cryptography School) still had a training center in Brazelli Garden.

199 1, all institutions have basically moved out of braselli garden and are almost vacant. At that time, Brazelli Garden was redeveloped by developers at any time, and there was a risk of being razed to the ground. 1992 February 10, Milton Keynes Autonomous Town Council took the lead in passing the designation of Bracelli Garden as a protected area. And three days later, that is, 1992 February 13, the trust fund of braselli garden was established. After the trust fund was established, Blatchelli Garden started the project and turned it into a museum with the theme of decryption experts and cryptography. The museum was opened to the public in 1993.1July, 994, His Royal Highness Duke Gende came to the museum as the main sponsor to preside over the official opening ceremony. 1999, 10 In June, the trust fund reached an agreement with the owner of Braceli Garden to hand over the main control of the land to the trust fund.

The Bracelli Garden Trust Fund is an organization established through donations from volunteers, and operates with the support of the public. June 5438+October 2005 10, rich American Sidney Frank donated 500,000 pounds to the trust fund to help build a science center in memory of alan turing. In addition, there are many enthusiastic people in the museum who specialize in repairing wartime decryption equipment.