What are the accounting subjects commonly used in school finance?

First of all, it is necessary to determine whether the school is private or other, and private schools that investors do not require reasonable returns should implement the accounting system of non-profit organizations; Small-scale private schools that require reasonable returns from investors and do not raise funds abroad may choose to implement the accounting system for small enterprises; Private schools that require reasonable returns from other investors shall implement the enterprise accounting system. For beginners, school is relatively simple and clear at first.

Please see for details.

Guangzhou Education Bureau

Documents of Guangzhou Finance Bureau

Guangzhou Municipal Bureau of Labor and Social Security

Sui jiao Cai Ji [2005] 19 No.

On Printing and Distributing the Finance of Private Schools in Guangzhou

Notice of accounting management regulations

District (county-level city) Education Bureau, Finance Bureau, Labor and Social Security Bureau, and private schools directly under the municipal government:

In order to implement the "People's Republic of China (PRC) Private Education Promotion Law" and its implementing regulations, further strengthen the financial management and accounting of various private schools in our city, and promote the healthy development of private education in our city. The regulations on financial accounting management of private schools in Guangzhou are hereby printed and distributed to you, please follow them. In case of problems in the implementation process, please report to the Municipal Education Bureau, Finance Bureau and Labor and Social Security Bureau in time.

Municipal Education Bureau, Municipal Finance Bureau, Labor and Social Security Bureau

June 8(th), 2005

Provisions of Guangzhou Municipality on Financial Accounting Management of Private Schools

Article 1 In order to standardize the financial accounting work of private schools, standardize financial management, strengthen accounting, ensure the quality of accounting information, and promote the healthy development of private education in our city, according to the People's Republic of China (PRC) Private Education Promotion Law and its implementing regulations, the People's Republic of China (PRC) Accounting Law and the General Principles of Enterprise Finance, the Accounting Standards for Enterprises and the Accounting System for Enterprises promulgated by the Ministry of Finance.

Article 2 These Provisions shall apply to private schools approved or managed by this Municipality that conform to the provisions of the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) Municipality on the Promotion of Private Education and require investors to make reasonable returns, including institutions of higher learning, secondary vocational schools, middle schools, primary schools and other training institutions.

Article 3 Private schools where investors do not require reasonable returns shall implement the Accounting System for Non-profit Organizations; Small-scale private schools that require reasonable returns from investors and do not raise funds abroad may choose to implement the accounting system for small enterprises; Private schools that require reasonable returns from other investors shall implement the enterprise accounting system.

The school-run industries owned by independent accounting and self-financing private schools shall implement the corresponding enterprise accounting system and submit accounting statements to private schools regularly.

Once the accounting system implemented by private schools is determined, it shall not be changed at will and disclosed in the notes to the accounting statements.

Article 4 Personnel engaged in accounting work in private schools shall obtain accounting qualification certificates according to law; If there is no accountant, it shall entrust an intermediary agency established with approval to engage in accounting agency bookkeeping business.

Article 5 Private schools shall establish and improve the internal financial management system and accounting control system, and standardize the financial accounting management of schools.

Article 6 The income of private schools is divided into main business income, other business income, investment income and non-business income.

The main business income refers to the school-running income such as tuition fees, miscellaneous fees and accommodation fees charged by private schools to the educated by providing academic education and non-academic education, including academic education income and non-academic education income, and the educational subsidy obtained by private schools entrusted by the people's governments at or above the county level to undertake compulsory education tasks.

Other business income refers to incidental business income other than the main business of private schools, mainly including rental income and school research income.

Investment income refers to the income obtained by private schools investing in work-study programs and other foreign investments. Non-operating income includes donation income and other non-school income.

(-) Donation income refers to the money donated voluntarily by the educated.

(2) Other non-school income refers to all kinds of income other than the above income, including fixed assets inventory surplus, net income from disposal of fixed assets, fine income, accounts payable that cannot be paid by debt restructuring income, etc.

Article 7 The academic education income and non-academic education income collected by private schools according to the academic year, semester or study period shall be allocated to the donations collected in each teaching month according to the accrual principle, and the income shall be recognized in the current period.

If the educated drop out of school, tuition fees and donations will directly offset the income of the month.

Article 8 All the income of private schools must use legal bills stipulated by the state, and all the income must be included in the school budget, managed and accounted for in a unified way.

Article 9 The fees charged by private schools shall be mainly used for educational and teaching activities and improving the conditions for running schools, and shall not be used for other purposes.

Article 10 Expenditure of private schools includes main business costs, main business taxes and surcharges, management expenses, financial expenses, other business expenses and non-operating expenses.

(1) The main business costs include academic education expenditure and non-academic education expenditure.

Expenditure items include teachers' salaries, allowances, subsidies, bonuses, social insurance fees, welfare fees, trade union funds, education funds, teaching venues, rental fees for facilities and equipment, depreciation fees, expenditures on teaching and research activities, and expenditures on teaching materials.

(2) Main business taxes and surcharges include business tax, urban construction tax, education surcharge, dike protection fee, etc. These are directly related to teaching income.

(3) Management expenses include wages, allowances, subsidies, bonuses, social insurance fees, welfare fees, trade union funds, education funds, rental fees, depreciation fees, hospitality fees, conference fees, printing fees, office expenses, special materials fees, labor fees, utilities, postal fees, telephone communication fees, etc. Non-teaching facilities and equipment.

(4) Financial expenses include interest expenses, exchange losses (minus exchange gains) and related handling fees.

(five) other business expenses refer to the relevant costs and expenses incurred by private schools engaged in other business activities.

(VI) Non-operating expenses refer to various expenses that are not directly related to the school-running activities of private schools, including inventory losses of fixed assets, net losses from the disposal of fixed assets, losses from the sale of intangible assets, fines and extraordinary losses.

Eleventh private schools should clearly distinguish between academic education income and non-academic education income, academic education expenditure and non-academic education expenditure; Expenditure items that cannot be clearly divided should be allocated to related projects through reasonable determination of standards; Once the allocation standard is determined, it shall not be changed this year. If it is really necessary to change next year, it shall be handled according to the prescribed procedures; And explain the contents, reasons and effects of the changes in the notes to the accounting statements.

Twelfth private schools, the scope of expenditure, the state has provisions, should be strictly in accordance with the provisions; If there are no regulations, private schools should make clear regulations.

Thirteenth private schools should set up and register detailed accounts of fixed assets according to categories, and make regular inventory and reconciliation to ensure that the accounts are consistent with the facts and the accounts are consistent.

A large number of small durable goods purchased by private schools should be included in fixed assets for management and accounting.

Fourteenth private schools depreciation of fixed assets, depreciation period is generally:

(-) 20 years for houses and buildings;

(2) The year of special equipment, vehicles and exhibits is 10;

(three) general equipment, books and other fixed assets for 5 years.

Fifteenth special funds refer to the following funds drawn by private schools according to the relevant provisions of the state and the needs of running schools:

(1) Development Fund. At the end of each fiscal year, private schools should draw development funds from the annual net income at a rate of not less than 25% for the construction and maintenance of private schools and the purchase and renewal of teaching equipment.

Annual net income refers to the balance of the annual income of private schools after deducting the cost of running schools.

(2) Scholarship Fund. Scholarship fund refers to the funds extracted from the school balance or donated by enterprises, social organizations and individuals in accordance with the proportion determined by the decision-making bodies such as the board of directors, which are used to pay for students' scholarships, grants, remuneration for carrying out work-study activities and financial assistance for students in need.

(2) Risk margin. Risk margin is a risk prevention fund drawn from the school balance according to the resolutions of the board of directors and other decision-making bodies, which is used to deal with the aftermath of accidents and termination of private schools.

(four) other special funds drawn by private schools according to the provisions of the state and the resolutions of decision-making bodies such as the board of directors.

Special funds for private schools shall be accounted for separately and used for special purposes.

Sixteenth private schools have designated projects and uses and require separate accounting of special funds, which should be submitted to the competent education department at the end of each year; After the completion of the project, it shall also submit a written report on the final accounts of capital expenditure and the use effect, and accept the inspection and acceptance by the competent education department.

Seventeenth private school investors can get a reasonable return from the distributable school balance at the end of each fiscal year.

The balance of running a school refers to the net income of private schools after deducting the cost of running a school, social donations and state-funded assets every year, and the balance after reserving development funds in accordance with the Regulations on the Implementation of the Law on the Promotion of Private Education in People's Republic of China (PRC) and extracting other necessary expenses in accordance with relevant state regulations.

The distributable balance of running a school refers to the balance of private schools after deducting scholarship funds, risk deposits and other necessary expenses according to regulations.

Eighteenth in the "enterprise accounting system" and "small enterprise accounting system" on the basis of setting up accounting subjects, private schools can add the following subjects according to business needs:

(1) Short-term investment and long-term equity investment are divided into two subjects: "Foreign Work-study Program Investment".

1. This course accounts for the investment of privately-run schools in monetary funds, physical objects and intangible assets (excluding the school-run industries affiliated to privately-run schools that are not independently accounted for according to law).

2. Use monetary funds to invest in work-study programs, debit the subjects of "short-term investment-foreign work-study program investment" or "long-term equity investment-foreign work-study program investment" and credit the subjects of "bank deposit".

3. If the value confirmed in the contract is higher than the book value, the subjects of "short-term investment-investing in foreign work-study programs" or "long-term equity investment-investing in foreign work-study programs" shall be debited according to the value confirmed in the contract and the taxes payable; When the fixed assets are invested in work-study programs abroad, the "accumulated depreciation" account shall be debited according to the extracted depreciation; Credit fixed assets, inventory materials, intangible assets, taxes payable and other subjects, and credit the difference to capital reserve. If the value confirmed in the contract is lower than the book value, the subjects of "short-term investment-investing in foreign work-study programs" or "long-term equity investment-investing in foreign work-study programs" shall be debited according to the value confirmed in the contract and the taxes payable; When using fixed assets to invest in work-study programs, the "accumulated depreciation" subject shall be debited according to the accrued depreciation; Fixed assets, inventory materials, intangible assets and taxes payable are credited, and the difference is debited to non-operating expenses.

4. When recovering the investment in work-study programs, debit the subjects such as "bank deposit", "materials in stock" and "fixed assets" and credit the subjects of "short-term investment-investment in foreign work-study programs" or "long-term equity investment-investment in foreign work-study programs"; According to the difference between the recovered investment and the book number, "borrowing" or "lending" is recorded as "investment income".

5, this course should be set up according to the investment object subsidiary ledger, detailed accounting.

6. The debit balance at the end of this course reflects the total investment of private schools in work-study programs.

(2) Add the first-level debt subject "accounts received in advance" and set the second-level subjects "academic education fees" and "non-academic education fees".

1. The subject of "academic education fees" accounts for the tuition and miscellaneous fees of the educatees received in advance at the beginning of each semester or at the beginning of the school year. When private schools receive tuition and miscellaneous fees from academic educators, they debit "bank deposits" and credit "accounts received in advance-academic education fees"; When revenue is confirmed, debit "advance payment-education fee" and credit "main business income-education income".

2 "non-academic education fees" accounting at the beginning of each semester or the beginning of the school by non-academic education personnel in advance of tuition and fees. When private schools receive tuition and miscellaneous fees from non-academic educators, they debit "bank deposits" and credit "accounts received in advance-non-academic education expenses"; When confirming income, debit the "accounts received in advance-non-academic education fees" and credit the "main business income-non-academic education fees".

(3) Adding "Scholarship Fund" as a first-class debt subject.

1. This course accounts for scholarships and grants accumulated by private schools. This course should be set up "scholarship" and "grant" two secondary subjects for detailed accounting. At the end of the month, the balance of this account is reflected in the "other current liabilities" item in the balance sheet.

2. The provision and use of scholarships shall be decided by private schools. When withdrawing scholarships and grants, debit the title of "Profit Distribution-Scholarship Fund" and credit the title of "Scholarship Fund"; When paying, debit "scholarship fund" and credit "cash" and other subjects.

3. The final credit balance of this course reflects the scholarships and grants that have been accrued but not paid by private schools; If it is the final debit balance, it reflects the difference between the actual expenditure and the accrued amount of private schools, that is, the scholarship fund that needs to be supplemented.

(four) other accounts payable under the "escrow" of secondary subjects.

1. This course accounts for all kinds of funds entrusted by private schools for collection and escrow.

2. This course should be accounted for in detail according to the items of various funds collected and managed, such as purchasing textbooks, school uniforms, dining in student canteens, accommodation fees and other funds collected and managed.

3. When private schools receive escrow funds, they debit "bank deposits" and credit "other payables-escrow funds". When collecting custody funds on behalf of branches and returning the balance after settlement, debit "other payables-custody funds" and credit "bank deposits" and other subjects.

(five) the surplus reserve account consists of two subjects: "statutory surplus reserve (development fund)".

1. This course accounts for the development funds extracted by private schools.

2. When the development fund is withdrawn according to regulations, the title of "profit distribution-withdrawal of statutory surplus reserve (development fund)" shall be debited and the title of "surplus reserve-statutory surplus reserve (development fund)" shall be credited.

3. The final credit balance of this course reflects the balance of development funds extracted by private schools.

(6) The surplus reserve account has the secondary account "Arbitrary surplus reserve (risk margin)".

1. This course accounts for the risk deposit extracted from the school balance determined by private schools themselves.

2. When withdrawing risk margin, debit the title of "Profit Distribution-Withdrawing Arbitrary Surplus Reserve (Risk Margin)" and credit the title of "Surplus Reserve-Arbitrary Surplus Reserve (Risk Margin)".

3. The final credit balance of this course reflects the risk margin balance extracted by private schools.

(seven) the main business income consists of two subjects: "academic education income" and "non-academic education income".

1. The subjects of "academic education income" and "non-academic education income" account for the income collected by private schools.

2. When a private school receives the income from running a school, it debits "bank deposits" and other subjects, and credits "main business income-academic education income" or "main business income-non-academic education income" respectively according to whether it belongs to academic education income.

(eight) the non-operating income subject consists of two subjects "donation income".

1. This course describes the funds collected by private schools at the beginning of education.

2 private schools receive donations, debit "bank deposits" and other subjects, and credit "non-operating income-donation income" subjects.

(nine) non-operating income consists of "other non-school income" two subjects.

1. This course accounts for the income of private schools other than the above income.

2. Other non-school income obtained by private schools shall be debited to the subject of "bank deposit" and credited to "non-operating income-other non-school income".

Nineteenth private schools implement the "enterprise accounting system" and "small enterprise accounting system", and the relevant contents are accounted for in the following subjects:

(a) the balance of this year's school use of "this year's profit" subjects;

(two) the use of "profit distribution" subjects when distributing school balances;

(three) adjust the previous year's school balance and use the "previous year's profit and loss adjustment" subject.

Article 2 These Provisions shall come into force as of July 6, 2005.