Fan Chongyan's Story

Fan Zhongyan was born on August 2nd (September 5th) in the second year of Duangong in Song Taizong (989).

Yu Zhending went to Gaojiazhuang, Changshan (now Gaoping Village, Quyangqiao Town, Zhengding County, Hebei Province) to spend a hundred days with his family in Wang Ting, Wuxi (now Suzhou). Father Fan Yong, in the early years of Duangong (988), went to Xuzhou to serve as the secretary of Wu Ningjun (the secretary of Xuzhou military chief) and died in 990. Xie was poor and helpless, holding two-year-old Fan Zhongyan in his arms, and remarried Zhu, a native of Henan Village, the governor of Shandong Zi County (now zouping county Village). Fan Zhongyan also changed his surname to Zhu Shuo (called Yue) and grew up in Zhujiajian Island. Fan Zhongyan studied hard since he was a child. Zhujiajian Island is a rich man in Changshan, but in order to get inspiration, he often goes to the James Li Temple on the nearby Changbai Mountain for boarding study. Reading satirical recitations in the morning and evening left a deep impression on the monks. At that time, his life was extremely difficult. He only cooks a bowl of thick porridge every day, cuts it into four pieces after cooling, eats two pieces in the morning and evening, mixes some pickles and vinegar juice, and continues reading after eating. Later generations have the reputation of painting porridge, but he doesn't mind this poor life at all, and spends all his energy in books to find his own fun. Nearly three years have passed, and the books in Changshan Township have gradually failed to meet his needs. An accidental incident exposed the secret of Fan Zhongyan's family background. He found himself the son of the Wangs and has been taking care of his stepfather for many years. Fan Zhongyan was deeply stimulated and shocked by this incident. Under the intersection of shame and anger, he decided to leave the Zhujiajian family and set up his own family. He will always be outstanding in the future and then take over his mother. So he hastily packed some simple clothes, put a piano and sword on his back, said goodbye to his mother in tears and left Changshan on foot to study, regardless of Zhu Jiahe's mother's obstruction.

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In the fourth year (10 1 1), 23-year-old Fan Zhongyan came to Yingtianfu Academy in Suiyang (the former site is now Fan Zhongyan).

Suiyang District, Shangqiu City, Henan Province). Yingtianfu Academy is one of the four famous academies in Song Dynasty, with 0/50 school buildings and thousands of books. 1043, Song Renzong decided to change Yingtianfu Academy to imperial academy, Nanjing, and become the highest institution of learning in the Northern Song Dynasty together with imperial academy in Kaifeng, Tokyo and imperial academy in Luoyang, Xijing. What's more, there are many ambitious and intelligent teachers and students here. Studying in such a college, there are not only famous teachers to consult, but also many students to learn from each other and many books to read. Moreover, the college is free, which is especially popular for Fan Zhongyan, who is financially strapped. Yingtianfu was later renamed Nanjing, and Yingtianfu Academy was also called Du Nan Academy. Fan Zhongyan cherishes the brand-new learning environment and studies day and night. One of Fan Zhongyan's classmates, the son of Nanjing Liu Shou (the highest official in Nanjing), saw him eating porridge all the year round and sent him some delicious food. He didn't taste a bite, which made the delicious food moldy. It was not until people scolded him that he bowed deeply and said, "I am very satisfied with this life of cutting porridge and clams, and I am worried that once I enjoy a good meal, I will not be able to swallow porridge and pickles in the future." Fan Zhongyan's hard life is a bit like Confucius' sage Yan Hui; A bowl of rice, a ladle of water, in the mean lane, others complain bitterly, but Yan Hui doesn't change his happiness. Fan Zhongyan's years of hard study also began in Zhixia in spring and ended in winter in autumn. Dance a sword in the morning and go home to sleep in the middle of the night. Others look at flowers and enjoy the moon, but he only finds pleasure in the Six Classics. Occasionally, I sing poems and express my feelings: "The hometown of the Baiyun rogue emperor is far away. Who will play Hanyuan Cave? How hard it is not to sing the wind bird, a thin person can still give an emu. When you miss Yan Zi's heart, you will be happy, but when you hate the piano, you will be betrayed. But if Sven Tian is not lost, why should Song Jian blame Miao Shan? " This poem was written by Fan Zhongyan to Yan Shu, a classmate of the Academy. A few years later, Fan Zhongyan's Confucian classics such as The Book of Songs, Shangshu, Yijing, Book of Rites and Chunqiu became a great pursuit. Writing poetry is also generously taking the world as its own responsibility. In the seventh year of Dazhong Xiangfu (AD 10 14), superstitious Taoist Song Zhenzong led a hundred officials to visit Taiqing Palace in Bozhou (now Bozhou, Anhui). The mighty chariots and horses passed through Nanjing (now Shangqiu City, Henan Province, the same below), causing a sensation in the whole city. People rushed to see the emperor, but one student stayed at home and still buried himself in his studies. A good classmate came to persuade him: "Go and see, this is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity, don't miss it!" " But the student just casually said, "It's never too late to see you again", and then went on reading his book without looking up. Sure enough, the next year, he was a scholar. This student is Fan Zhongyan, a great reform thinker in the Northern Song Dynasty.

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In the autumn of the seventh year (10 14) and the spring of the eighth year (10 15), Dazhong xiangfu passed the imperial examination and became a scholar. When he took part in the imperial examination in Chongzheng Hall, he first met Emperor Zhenzong, who was nearly fifty years old. Later, he was honored to attend a banquet hosted by the imperial government. In February, Bianjing (now Kaifeng City) bloomed in spring. Jinshi rode across a fine horse and paraded through the streets amid the sound of gongs and drums: "Changbai is cold and Confucian, and he has been famous for more than two years." He sang such a poem and thought he was twenty-seven years old. Compared with Teng Zongliang and others beside him, he looks much older. Soon, he was appointed as the manager of Guangdejun to join the army (Guangdejun is located in Guangde County, Anhui Province, and the manager joined the army as an official in charge of litigation and trial, from Jiupin). Then, he was transferred to Qing Ji Army as our ambassador (Qing Ji Army is located in Bozhou, Anhui Province, and our ambassador is a curtain officer from Bapin). He took his mother to support him, officially restored Fan, and changed his name to Zhong Yan and the word Xi. From then on, he began his political career for nearly forty years.

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In the fifth year of Tianxi (102 1), Fan Zhongyan was transferred to Xixi Town, Hailing, Taizhou (now near Dongtai County, Jiangsu Province) as the supervisor of salt storage, transportation and resale. Xixi Town is near the coast of the Yellow Sea. Although peony can be seen occasionally in the town, its desolate scene is different from that in the mainland after all. At first glance, listening to the roar of the wind and waves and the sigh of wild cranes, Fan Zhongyan couldn't help feeling a little disappointed. Because Cang Guan was a idle official, he laughed at himself temporarily through lazy eating and drinking: "I didn't ask for a chair, but I dared to talk about my ambition to go to Wan Li! It's time to be black and white when you get old. Why are you complaining about Jianghu? When you are drunk and sing, you are lazy. Can people in the stream believe in laughter? " However, he soon found that there were many things to do here. The dilapidated seawall in the area has collapsed, and not only salt fields and pavilions have lost their barriers, but also large areas of farmland and houses have been repeatedly threatened by waves. Thousands of victims were displaced when they encountered tidal waves and even flooded the gates of Taizhou. The government suffered losses in salt production and tax. To this end, he wrote to Zhang Lun of Jianghuai Waterway, complaining about the interests of Chen Haidi, and suggested rebuilding a solid seawall weir along the coast of Tongzhou, Taizhou, Chuzhou and Haizhou (now Lianyungang to the north bank of the Yangtze River estuary). For this huge project, Zhang Lun generously agreed, and made Fan Zhongyan the magistrate of Xinghua County (now xinghua city, Jiangsu Province), fully responsible for weir management. In the autumn of the second year of Tiansheng (1024), Fan Zhongyan, the magistrate of Xinghua County, led tens of thousands of civilian workers from four states to the seaside. However, shortly after the dam body control project began, a storm with snow appeared, followed by a big tide, which swallowed up more than 100 migrant workers. Some officials believe that this is an act of god and the dike cannot be completed. They advocated banning the original proposal and stopping work altogether. When things were reported to Beijing, courtiers hesitated. Fan Zhongyan, on the other hand, was not afraid of danger and stuck to the weir. The wind swept the waves and rushed to his legs. The soldiers and civilians fled, and the officials panicked. Fan Zhongyan did not move. He saw with interest Teng Zongliang, a friend of the same year beside him. Zong Liang is quietly commenting on a standing levee. Everyone found that they were very calm and calm. Thanks to the efforts of Fan Zhongyan and others, defending the sea and harnessing the weir has been fully resumed. Soon, a long dike stretching for hundreds of miles stood on the beach of the Yellow Sea. The production of saltworks and farmland has been guaranteed since then. A few dry households in exile a few years ago were affected by the disaster and returned home to help the old and bring the young. People are grateful to Fan Zhongyan, the county magistrate of Xinghua, for his achievements, and they all call Hai Yan "Fan Gongdi". Many victims in Xinghua County actually took his surname Fan. Today, Xinghua still has a site of Gong Fan Temple, which is remembered by the elders. Fan Zhongyan wrote a poem when he was thirty-six years old, "A guest is crazy and pure, and a teenager loves fame" and "At thirty-six, he failed to become a hero". He didn't get married until he was about thirty-four or five years old. This year, he got a son and was transferred back to the capital, Dali Temple. Since then, he has entered the ranks of Beijing officials.

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Renzong Tiansheng four years (1026), thank you. Fan Zhongyan mourned with tears and returned to Nanjing (now Shangqiu City, Henan Province) to live. Yan Shu, a left-behind official in Nanjing at that time, was well versed in Wen Zhong's Confucian classics, especially in the Book of Changes. He invited Zhong You to assist Qi in hosting the educational affairs of Yingtianfu School. Zhong You gracefully led the life and sealed another Xinghua county government (Fan Zhongyan Memorial Hall).

Fu Bi, a young friend, recommended this book to Yan Shu. In order to facilitate his work, Fan Zhongyan moved to school. He made a timetable to guide students to read on time. In the evening, I often go deep into the dormitory to check and punish those who are sleepy. Whenever he gives homework to a life topic, he should write one first, so as to grasp the difficulty of the topic and the focus of writing, and let students improve their writing level quickly. The style of study of Yingtianfu Academy soon took on a new look. People from all over the world came to study and asked Fan Zhongyan for a career. Fan Zhongyan warmly received these scholars from afar and took pains to hold books and teach. Sometimes, I entertain them with my meager salary, which makes my family embarrassed. On one occasion, Sun Xiucai, a scholar and beggar, came to visit Gong Fan. Fan Zhongyan immediately gave him 1000 pence. A year later, Sun Xiucai visited Gong Fan again. Fan Zhongyan gave him money and asked him why he hurried to beg instead of sitting down to study. Sun Xiucai said sadly, "It is difficult to support an old mother at home; If you have a fixed income of100p a day, that's enough. " Fan Zhongyan said to him, "You don't look like a beggar. Let me help you find a job in this school, so that you can take 3 thousand yuan a month to support the elderly. In this way, can you study with peace of mind? " Sun Xiucai died of joy, and he followed Fan Zhongyan to study Spring and Autumn Annals. The following year, Fan Zhongyan left Nanjing (now Shangqiu City, Henan Province) and Sun Xiucai also resigned. Ten years later, there was a respected scholar in the ruling and opposition circles who gathered in Mount Tai to teach the Spring and Autumn Period. His surname was Sun Mingfu. Even the famous Shandong gentleman Shijie once studied under him. This scholar was Sun Xiucai. Fan Zhongyan said with emotion: "Poverty is really a terrible disaster. If Sun Fu had been begging until he was old, this outstanding talent would not have been drowned. " Besides Sun Fu, Fan Zhongyan also contacted and helped many famous scholars. Such as Ai Hu, Li Gou, Zhang Zai and Shijie. Or invite them to take charge of academic affairs in their own administrative circles, or recommend them as academic officials of the imperial court, or guide them on the road of academic research. From Hailing to Gaoyou, from Suzhou to Yizhou (now Binxian County, Shaanxi Province), wherever Fan Zhongyan went, he always hired teachers after starting school and cared about education. Later, he became a prime minister and even ordered all counties to run schools. Many people who have been taught and influenced by him often have their own achievements.

set back

In the sixth year of Tiansheng (1028), Fan Zhongyan's mourning period ended. After Yan Shu's recommendation, he was promoted to be a captain of the Secret Pavilion-responsible for sorting out and sorting out imperial books and classics. The Secret Pavilion is located in Chongwen Hall in Miyagi, the capital. In fact, the post of a captain in the secret cabinet belongs to the emperor's civil servants. Here, you can not only see the emperor often, but also hear many palace secrets. This is a rare shortcut for bureaucrats in the Song Dynasty. Once Fan Zhongyan learned some inside information of the imperial court, he boldly intervened in the sinister political struggle. He found that Emperor Injong was twenty years old, but all kinds of military and political events in North Korea were handled by Empress Dowager Liu, who was sixty years old. And I heard that on the solstice of that winter, Empress Dowager Cixi asked Injong to kowtow to her in the front hall and celebrate Fan Zhongyan's birthday with his ministers.

Shou. Fan Zhongyan believes that family ceremony and national ceremony cannot be confused, and things that harm the dignity of the monarch should be stopped. He criticized the plan by playing a role. Fan Zhongyan's performance made Yan Shu panic. He was anxious to call Fan Zhongyan and blame him for being too frivolous. Aren't you afraid of bringing trouble to the Lord? Fan Zhongyan has always respected Yan Shu, but this time he refused to give in. He sank his face into his loud voice: "I was only recommended by you. I am often afraid that I can't do my duty and embarrass you for me." Unexpectedly, I was convicted of your honest remarks today. " A word made Yan Shu speechless. Back home, Fan Zhongyan wrote to Yan Shu again, defending in detail, and simply went to the next chapter, asking Mrs. Liu to abdicate and strike, and returning the power to Injong. The imperial court did not reply to this, but issued an imperial edict to demote Fan Zhongyan to Beijing and transfer him to Zhongfu (now Yongji County, southwest of Shanxi Province) as the deputy governor-judge. The servant of the Secret Pavilion sent him out of the city, and everyone raised their glasses to say goodbye: "Fan Jun's trip is extremely glorious!" Three years later, Empress Liu passed away. Renzong recalled Fan Zhongyan to Beijing and sent him to be an official who specially commented on state affairs-You Sijian. As a lecturer, he is more fearless in writing and speaking. In the second year of Ming Dow (1033), severe drought and locust plague occurred in JD.COM and Jianghuai areas. In order to calm people's hearts, Fan Zhongyan asked Injong to send someone to rescue the disaster immediately, but Injong ignored it. He asked Injong, "What will your majesty do if the imperial court stops eating for a long time?" Injong was surprised and ashamed, so he let Fan Zhongyan go to the disaster relief. When he came back, he brought back some weeds to satisfy the hunger of the victims and gave them to Injong and Hou Yuan Palace. At that time, Prime Minister Lv Yijian began to please Liu. As soon as the Queen Mother died, he spoke ill of her. This cunning behavior was once exposed by Empress Renzong Guo, and the post of Prime Minister was also removed. However, the relationship between Yi and Jane in the imperial court is still deeply rooted. Soon, he regained his position through Yan, a serving courtier, and colluded with Yan, trying to take advantage of the domestic dispute in Renzong to abolish Guo Hou. The young emperor who fell in love with Yangmeiren and Shangmeiren finally decided to abolish the imperial edict, and according to Lv Yijian's premeditated plan, officials were forbidden to participate in the discussion. Fan Zhongyan is well aware that behind this court housework dispute is a profound and complicated political competition. He and Daofu Kong, who was in charge of picketing, and several other people went to Ahe Palace and asked to meet Injong. They appealed to the cabinet for a long time, but no one paid attention; Simen officer slammed the door of the temple again. Fan Zhongyan and others, with bronze rings in their hands, knocked on gold leaves and shouted through the door, "Why didn't the queen listen to Taiwan Province's advice?" It's no use watching. Everyone agreed to a plan of Ganghuhang, and prepared to leave all the officials after tomorrow morning to debate with Lv Xiang in public. The next morning, his wife Li took Fan Zhongyan's clothes and repeatedly advised him not to make trouble. He went out and never looked back. Just go to the courtyard to leak, waiting for the court, suddenly listen to a letter from the pager, demoted him as far away from the river, Zhou Mu (now Meicheng Town, jiande city City, Zhejiang Province) year. Then, North Korea sent someone to his home to urge him to leave Beijing immediately. Daofu Kong and others, either demoted or punished, survived. Not many people went to the suburbs to bid farewell this time, but some people raised their glasses and said, "Fan Jun's trip is more glorious!" On the way to Zhejiang, Fan Zhongyan had no regrets, but felt a little unfair: "If you value your father, you must value your mother. If you are a good country, you should be at home first. Go to the end of the world with one heart and ten mouths, and return to your heart! " Some people laugh at him like the unfortunate Qu Yuan, but he thinks he is more like Monk: "Outside Fujiang, people laugh like poets" and "I am idle"! A few years later, he moved from Zhou Mu to Suzhou, and was transferred back to Beijing because of his meritorious service in water control, and was awarded the honorary title of envoy of Tianzhang Pavilion as the magistrate of Kaifeng Prefecture. Daofu Kong and others who were demoted together in the past also returned to the imperial court. Fan Zhongyan made great efforts to rectify the bureaucracy in Beijing, get rid of the disadvantages and arrange his work in an orderly way. In just a few months, Kaifeng House, known as the complex drama, was "governed by respecting the Lord". Fan Zhongyan saw Lv Yijian, the prime minister, open the back door and abuse his personal interests, and North Korea was extremely corrupt. According to the investigation, Fan Zhongyan drew a picture of Baiguan Map in Jingyou for three years (1036) and presented it to Renzong. He pointed out the promotion of the officials listed in the picture and sharply criticized the employment system of the Prime Minister. Not to be outdone, Lv Yijian retorted that Fan Zhongyan was pedantic. Fan Zhongyan wrote four chapters on Lv Yijian's cunning. Lv Yijian even slandered Fan Zhongyan for colluding with his cronies and alienating the monarch and his subjects. Many people can see clearly the dispute between Fan and Lu. It happened that Lv Yijian was wily and good at using the power of the monarch, and finally won. Injong is 27 years old and has no children. It is said that Fan Zhongyan once cared about the heir of Injong, and perhaps even talked about setting up a nephew. Although this incident originated from the sincerity and loyalty of the prosperous Song Dynasty, it inevitably hurt Renzong's self-esteem. After being slandered by Lv Yijian, Fan Zhongyan was deprived of his due title and demoted to the magistrate of Raozhou. Later, I almost died in Lingnan. In order to cater to the will of the Prime Minister, Taiwanese official Han Du asked Fan Zhongyan's colleagues to write a list and hang it on the court. Yu Jin, Athena Chu, Ouyang Xiu and others were also exiled to remote places because of their grievances against Fan Zhongyan. Since then, the DPRK officials have seized the air, and the straight people are staggering. Few relatives and friends saw Fan Zhongyan off outside Beijing this time. However, the honest Wang Zhi came here to help the sick and raise wine, and praised "Fan Jun's trip is particularly glorious!" Fan Zhongyan laughed after several ups and downs and said, "There have been three lights before and after Zhongyan. If you send me another sheep next time, please prepare a whole sheep as a sacrifice! " The next day, Wang Zhi was warned that everything he said and did to send Fan Zhongyan yesterday was recorded on the monitor, and he would be censored as a fan party. Hearing this, the king was not afraid of color, but was proud. Raozhou is next to Poyang Lake. It takes at least a dozen States to get here by water from Kaifeng. Except Yangzhou, no one went out to receive Fan Zhongyan all the way, and Fan Zhongyan didn't mind it. He is used to being demoted from the capital to a local official. He twisted his gray mustache and sang a poem in Raozhou's official residence. "Three out of Qingcheng Mountain, the temples are like silk, and the sweepers are scattered in the lent." "There is no need to be proud of your lips in the world, just get stuck in the old man!" Fan Zhongyan was weak and sickly since childhood, and he suffered from lung disease in recent years. Soon, his wife Li also died in Raozhou. Mei, a poet friend who served as a county magistrate nearby, gave him a poem "Lingwu Fu" and told him that his many outspoken remarks in North Korea were regarded as ominous crows. I wish him nothing but eating and drinking in the past, just flying high. Fan Zhongyan immediately replied a poem "Lingwu Fu". He replied that no matter how much people hate the crow's dumb voice, I died in Ningming and was born silently! I hope I can help you ~