What impact does green building have on cost?

Green building refers to a building that saves resources, land, water and materials to the maximum extent, protects the environment, reduces pollution, provides healthy, applicable and efficient use, and lives in harmony with nature during the whole life cycle of the building. The "green" of green building does not refer to the three-dimensional greening and roof garden in the general sense, but represents a concept or symbol. It refers to buildings that are harmless to the environment, can make full use of environmental natural resources, and do not destroy the basic ecological balance of the environment. Also known as sustainable development architecture, ecological architecture, returning to nature architecture, energy-saving and environmental protection architecture, etc.

The difference between green building and traditional building

First, the energy consumption of green buildings is much lower than that of traditional buildings. Traditional buildings consume a lot of energy. According to statistics, buildings consume 50% of the world's energy in the process of construction and use, causing 34% of pollution. Green buildings greatly reduce energy consumption and make full use of geothermal energy, solar energy and wind energy; Compared with traditional buildings, green buildings can reduce energy consumption by 70%-75%.

Second, the green building respects the local nature, culture and climate, adapts to local conditions and uses local materials, so there is no clear building model and rules. Traditional architecture adopts commercial production technology, and the standardization and industrialization of the construction process have caused similar architectural styles in the north and south of the Yangtze River. Green building emphasizes the use of local culture and raw materials, respect for local natural and climatic conditions, complete localization in style, and creation of a new aesthetic feeling and healthy and comfortable living conditions.

Third, green buildings make full use of nature (such as green space, sunshine and air). ) and pay attention to effective communication inside and outside. There are many differences between open layout and closed traditional buildings. Traditional buildings are closed and completely isolated from the natural environment, and the indoor environment is often unhealthy; Effective communication between indoor and outdoor of green building will automatically adjust climate change, sensitively and automatically adjust the load of housing personnel and environment, and create a very comfortable and healthy indoor environment for human beings.

Fourth, in the process of green building, we should pay attention to environmental factors throughout. Traditional architectural forms are only responsible for the environment in the process of construction or use, while green buildings emphasize that the whole process from the exploitation, processing, transportation and use of raw materials to the abandonment and demolition of buildings should be responsible for all mankind and the earth.

Misunderstanding of the influence of green building on project cost

First, the calculation method of incremental cost of green building is not clear.

At present, there is no clear calculation method for the incremental cost of green buildings, and the data provided by the project applicant is not professional enough, especially when calculating the "incremental cost", the "standard value", that is, the cost of adopting the corresponding technology for standard buildings, is not subtracted. For example, the cost of ground source heat pump is directly calculated as incremental cost without subtracting the cost of replacing ground source heat pump with conventional HVAC technology, which leads to high calculation cost. As a result, green buildings are high-cost buildings.

There are three reasons why adopting green building technology will not lead to a substantial increase in cost: 1, which confuses the concepts of incremental cost and total cost, and leads to the wrong understanding that green building will definitely increase the cost substantially; 2. Using different technical routes for green buildings, the incremental cost of green buildings with the same evaluation level will be very different, and high star rating is not necessarily high cost. Individual green buildings have the phenomenon of green building technology piling up, which is too "green", resulting in uneconomical and low carbon; 3. The zero incremental cost and low incremental cost technologies of green buildings are used more and more, and the high incremental cost technologies are used less and less, which makes the incremental cost of green buildings show a downward trend.

According to the incremental cost statistics of 148 projects evaluated by China Urban Science Research Association in 20/2, the incremental costs of one-star, two-star and three-star green buildings in residential projects are 23.9 yuan /m2, 70.9 yuan /m2, 13 1.8 yuan /m2 respectively. The incremental costs of one-star, two-star and three-star green buildings in public building projects are 29.9 yuan /m2, 87.3 yuan /m2 and 2 16.4 yuan /m2 respectively. Through the economic analysis of green buildings, it can be known that except for a few green building projects, general green building projects can recover the incremental costs brought by green technology within 5 ~ 65,438+00 years.

Second, green buildings are not necessarily expensive.

Green building is a broad concept, and green does not mean high price and high cost. For example, Yan 'an caves are warm in winter and cool in summer, and the cost of transforming them into green buildings is not high; There is a kind of architecture with local characteristics in Xinjiang. Its wall is composed of local gypsum and breathable straw, which has high thermal insulation. Coupled with the very localized roof, it is a typical rural green building, and the cost is only 800 yuan/square meter, which is cheap and good.

Third, green buildings are not necessarily high-tech.

Many intelligent buildings stay in security and voice control. The wiring is very complicated, the cost is very high, and even the power consumption is high. This is not the correct development path of intelligent buildings. In the information age, intelligence needs more information and less energy. Intelligent switches are implemented in some places now. You can control the energy switch at home with your mobile phone. Turn off the heating switch when you go out in winter. Half an hour before going to work, you can turn on the heating switch by pressing your mobile phone, so that when you get home, the room is already warm. The owner works outside and there is no heating at home, which can save13 of energy. For another example, in many southern areas, 40% of the air conditioners in houses are designed to cope with the outdoor sunshine. A small intelligent temperature measuring device is installed. When the sun is hot, the sunshade will automatically rise, reducing the sunlight entering the room and reducing the energy consumption of the air conditioner.

Fourth, green buildings are not limited to new buildings.

Many existing buildings are energy-intensive, and some small renovations can make existing buildings green. For example, an energy-saving lamp of 1 1 watt is equivalent to the brightness of a 60-watt incandescent lamp; Choose electronic ballast to save electricity by 30% compared with traditional ballast; Frequency conversion air conditioners save 20% to 30% energy than conventional non-frequency conversion air conditioners.

Influence of Green Building on Project Cost

First, the cost calculation model

This paper analyzes the factors that affect the life cycle cost of green buildings. According to the characteristics of green building, we should fully consider the construction cost of the building and the operation cost after the transfer of facilities. Statistics at home and abroad show that in the long run, the cost of project operation and maintenance stage is far greater than its construction cost, and it is affected by its construction cost. The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) is responsible for the operation and maintenance of 2,000 buildings in 72 medical centers nationwide. VA used a 40-year analysis period and a discount rate of 5% to analyze the life cycle cost, and found that the operation and maintenance cost was 7.7 times of the construction cost. Therefore, in the whole life cycle of the project, both the construction cost and the operation cost must be considered.

Second, the influencing factors of green building project cost

1. Enclosure system: including external wall, roof, doors and windows, sunshade, etc. Using aerated concrete in wall engineering to reduce the weight of the wall will improve the load-bearing system of the whole house, reduce the number of reinforcement members and make the foundation buried shallower. Moreover, the surface of the wall is smoother than that of the clay standard brick, and the plastering thickness and the self-weight of the building are also reduced accordingly, so that the cost of the wall and the cost of the load-bearing structure system will not increase but decrease. If the cement polystyrene board is used as the external wall insulation material, the single building cost will increase by about 60 yuan /m2, and the energy-saving investment will account for 8.7-10% of the total project investment. If fiber-reinforced polystyrene board is used as external wall insulation, the single building cost will increase by about 50 yuan /m2, and the investment in energy saving will account for 7.4-9.6% of the total project investment. New thermal insulation materials, such as extruded polystyrene foam plastic cement polystyrene board, or planting roofs, can achieve effective energy-saving purposes. When double-layer glass-plastic steel windows are used as external windows instead of single-layer glass-plastic steel windows, the unilateral construction cost increases by about 50 yuan/m2, and the energy-saving investment accounts for 8-9.6% of the total project investment. Using transparent heat-insulating coated glass of steel beam can effectively prevent the loss of indoor hot air in winter, and effectively restrain solar radiation in summer, so that the indoor temperature is lower than the outdoor temperature, thus achieving the purpose of saving electricity for air conditioning. According to statistical analysis, ventilation, sunshade, green facade and roof greening can greatly reduce the use of air conditioners and reduce building energy consumption by more than 50%.

2. Renewable energy: including solar energy, geothermal energy, wind energy and biomass energy. At present, the utilization technology of solar hot water is relatively mature and the relative cost is relatively low. The incremental cost of solar photovoltaic power generation is still high because of the level of materials and technology. Geothermal utilization is mainly in the form of heat pump or underground ventilation pipe. The technology is relatively mature, but the cost is high. Wind energy and biomass energy are also high-cost technologies. A "sunflower" revolving house successfully manufactured by German architects is equipped with an infrared tracker similar to radar. As long as it is dawn, the motor in the room will start, so that the whole house will slowly rotate against the sun and always keep the best angle with the sun, so that the sun can shine into the room to the maximum extent; As night falls, the house slowly resets unconsciously. This kind of house can not only make full use of solar energy to drive the house to move, ensure daily indoor heating and electricity consumption, but also store bright light energy for cloudy days and nights. Nast Building adopts special glass that can prevent ultraviolet rays from entering, and only allows ordinary sunlight to enter, which can achieve constant temperature even in winter; Two natural gas fuel cells are enough to ensure full power supply at night and 5% power demand during the day; Part of the hot water generated by fuel cells is used for building heating, and the other part is used as domestic hot water; The heating and cooling equipment on the roof also uses natural gas instead of electricity, which reduces the energy loss caused by electric energy transmission; Installing sensors indoors can automatically control areas with few people, such as the switch of electric fans and lighting lamps in stairwells; These energy-saving measures have reduced the energy consumption of the whole building by 35%-40%.

3. Cost of water-saving measures: ① Reclaimed water utilization. Reclaimed water utilization refers to the concentration of residential wastewater, which can be used for greening irrigation, vehicle washing, road washing and household toilet washing after being properly treated to a certain standard, so as to achieve the purpose of saving water. Beijing and other provinces and cities have taken the lead in promoting the use, with low cost and obvious effect. ② Rainwater collection and utilization. The utilization of urban rainwater in China started late, and there are some small-scale and local non-standard applications mainly in water-deficient areas. In some developed countries, such as Germany and Japan, urban rainwater recycling and rainwater collection and utilization have a long history, and their experience and methods are of reference significance to most cities in China, especially those with serious water shortage. Rainwater belongs to high-quality water, and the cost of collection and treatment is not high, so it is a technology that can be vigorously promoted.

4. The cost of indoor environmental measures. The cost of indoor environmental measures includes the incremental costs of indoor ventilation devices, building sound insulation measures, indoor dust removal measures, garbage disposal and recycling devices, and high-quality water supply. In order to welcome the world-famous 2000 Olympic Games, Sydney, Australia specially designed the world's first cross-century green gymnasium, which made people feel the atmosphere of environmental protection everywhere: the power supply was completed by 1000 solar cells located at the top of the gymnasium; Seats-90% are waste; Paper-that is, all posters, tickets, etc. Advertisements posted or used during large-scale activities are printed on recycled paper.

5. The cost of building intelligence. The cost of building intelligence includes intelligent home system, intelligent security system and intelligent property system of residential buildings. London skyscrapers adopt many energy-saving strategies to make full use of natural conditions of lighting and ventilation. The building is equipped with shutters controlled by computer, and a weather sensing system is installed outside the building to monitor temperature, wind speed and light intensity. Automatically open the window to introduce fresh air when necessary; Compared with the same building, it can save energy by more than half.

6. New technologies and processes for building energy conservation and environmental protection, such as: ① In pile foundation engineering, hydraulic static pressure piling machine is widely used to pile precast prestressed reinforced concrete pipe piles, which has low noise and is not easy to crack into other buildings near the piles. ② Precast prestressed reinforced concrete pipe piles are finished piles, all of which are produced by professional and qualified manufacturers. Not only is the quality of the pile body relatively stable, but compared with the traditional concrete pouring pile, it can effectively avoid the pollution to the surrounding environment. (3) For the construction of deep foundation pit, bolting and shotcreting support can avoid the collapse phenomenon that often occurs during large earthwork excavation. Because the construction of shotcrete wall is to excavate earthwork while shotcreting anchor, it is not necessary to excavate earthwork by sloping, which reduces the earthwork excavation, ensures safety and saves the project cost.

Green buildings have always given people a noble image. In fact, the building that reaches the energy-saving standard of 60% only increases the cost of the original building by 5-7 percentage points, and the increased cost is expected to be recovered within five to eight years, but it can provide people with a comfortable indoor environment and a natural external environment. In 20 12, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development jointly issued the "Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Green Buildings in China", proposing to actively develop green ecological urban areas; And define the financial incentive policy, reward 45 yuan for two-star green buildings per square meter, reward 80 yuan for three-star green buildings per square meter, and subsidize the green eco-city based on 50 million yuan. Therefore, we have reason to fund the energy-saving measures adopted in the financial evaluation of construction projects.

For more information about project/service/procurement bidding, and to improve the winning rate, please click on the bottom of official website Customer Service for free consultation:/#/? source=bdzd