Are there any national mountains in China?

At present, there is no legal definition of "national mountain" in China, but there has always been a saying that "Mount Tai" is "national mountain". Why is this? We have excerpted the following article, hoping you can understand it.

Mount Tai should be the "national mountain" of China.

Mount Tai, located in Tai 'an City, Shandong Province, is the birthplace of Confucius and the birthplace of Confucius' thoughts. Confucius, who lives less than 50 kilometers south of Mount Tai, has visited Mount Tai many times, and Mencius once lamented that "Confucius climbed Mount Tai and the world is small".

Mr. Zhou Ying is currently the deputy research librarian of Taishan Research Center of Taishan University, a member of Taishan District Political Consultative Conference in Tai 'an, and a top professional and technical talent in Tai 'an. Up to now, more than 10 works have been published.

Every country in the world has its own national symbol. In addition to the well-known national flag, national emblem, national anthem, national flower and national bird, there is also an important symbol, that is, "National Mountain". A nation's culture is manifested in spiritual form and material form, and landscape is a special form of material form. Among the mountains of the whole country, those that can be considered as enough to symbolize the national spirit are the "national mountains" that people are used to calling.

On June 65438+February 65438+June 2006, Professor Zhou Ying was invited to the "Public Forum" to explain why Mount Tai was called "National Mountain".

China's name "National Mountain" originated very early, and it was called "National Mountain" as early as in Shan Hai Jing. However, the so-called "national mountain" at that time was just a sacred mountain of a tribe. Extending to Wu Dong in the Three Kingdoms period, the legal "national mountain" of the feudal dynasty began to appear. In modern times, with the strengthening of modern national concept and national concept consciousness, the voice of evaluating China's "Mountain of Nationalities" became louder and louder. Then, among the famous mountains in China, Da Yue, which mountain can be regarded as "the mountain of China"? Mr. Lao She, modern scholar Xu Shouyi, contemporary master of Chinese studies Ji Xianlin, Ren and writer Jia Pingwa all thought that Mount Tai in Dongyue should be regarded as a national mountain. This paper tries to explain the basic elements of "national mountain" and the relationship between Mount Tai and China culture along the lines of other schools of thought:

Mount Tai and the History of China

The first thing that "China Mountain" should have is "historical continuity". That is, what we call "National Mountain" must be the first mountain recognized by most central governments in various historical periods of our country.

As early as ancient times, Mount Tai was the settlement of important tribes. During the Yao and Shun period, Daizong was regarded as the first place to visit the four directions (April). After the founding of the Zhou Dynasty, the political status of a mountain in Kyushu as its town mountain, a mountain in Yanzhou as Mount Tai and Mount Tai as a town of one state has been determined. Mountain sacrifices in the Western Zhou Dynasty in China began to be institutionalized and graded, stipulating that only the Emperor of Zhou and Lv Gong had the right to sacrifice Mount Tai. After Qin Shihuang unified the world, he went to Mount Tai to hold a meditation ceremony. As Mr. Guo Moruo said: "Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, emperors have closed their temples, that is, worshipping Mount Tai. Even higher than the emperor, so no one dares to despise Mount Tai. " Mount Tai, as a representative of the famous mountains in China, was recognized for the first time in the unified dynasty, that is, it was upgraded from a town of one state to the hope of Kyushu.

It is generally believed that the concept of "Four Mountains" was formed in ancient times, and the mountain that Dashun visited in Shangshu Shunshu may be the predecessor of "Four Mountains". Mount Tai is not only among the four famous mountains, but also stands out from the other three because it is the first place visited by the monarch. Wuyue system was established in the Western Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sealed Mount Tai eight times before and after, which made Mount Tai superior to the other four mountains. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty proclaimed the Emperor, the imperial edict stipulated the system of five mountains, and Mount Tai was not only the first of the five mountains, but also the sacrificial standard was significantly higher than the other four mountains. This is the first time that the sacred status of Mount Tai as the first mountain in China has been clearly defined in the form of national decrees. Due to these factors, Mount Tai eventually became the most influential mountain in China during the Han Dynasty.

After Qin and Han Dynasties, there was a system of offering sacrifices to mountains and rivers in every dynasty, and the first person who offered sacrifices in the sacrificial ceremony was honored as "Shan Zong". Mount Tai has been the "Shan Zong" since the Qin and Han Dynasties, and its status has been continued in all dynasties except for a few periods (such as Wu Zhou).

During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties after Qin and Han Dynasties, not only the Central Plains dynasty such as Cao, Wei and Jin completely inherited the sacrificial system of one generation, but also the later Zhao, Pre-Qin, Southern Yan, Wei and Jin, Qi and other dynasties in the sixteen countries continued to worship Mount Tai Temple. Emperor Wen of Sui climbed Mount Tai and set up an altar to offer sacrifices. Tang Gaozong and Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty both held meditation ceremonies in Mount Tai. Emperor Xuanzong named Mount Tai as the "King of Heaven" and stated his position as the first mountain as a "man of five mountains" in the Imperial inscription on Mount Ji. Due to political needs, Song Zhenzong held an unprecedented Mount Tai meditation during his reign. After his success, he successively made Mount Tai king and emperor, which made Mount Tai's divine rank reach the highest level in history. Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty praised Mount Tai as "the head of the group of Yue" in the imperial tablet of Dongyue Temple, saying that it was "a tribute to me, a tribute to me", which once again showed that Mount Tai was Daming's "Shan Zong". The Manchu regime rose in Changbai, calling Sishan "the birthplace of Qing emperors for hundreds of millions of years". However, after entering the Central Plains, the cultural identity of Chinese culture was strengthened. To this end, Kangxi declared that "Mount Tai produces long white". Geographically speaking, Manchu and Han are integrated and have the same cultural roots. On the other hand, he worships Mount Tai, kneels two times and knocks six times, which has surpassed Ming Di's respect for etiquette. Sun visited Mount Tai for ten times and Daiding for six times, setting a record for emperors to worship Daiding in previous dynasties. Gan Long also declared in the monument: "Mount Tai is a long mountain with a long mountain, which is called the oldest clan and the most respected watch." I recognized Mount Tai's status as the "Shan Zong" in the Qing Dynasty in disguise.

Looking at the historical changes of Mount Tai in China for 5,000 years, from Zhenshan and Yueshan in Shan Zong to the proposed National Mountain, it can be said that its mountains have occupied a prominent position in various historical periods. Mount Tai has a close relationship with the state power, a long history and great social influence, which is really incomparable to other mountains.