What humiliating history did Hongkong suffer before its return to China?

184 1 year 65438+1October 26th, after the First Opium War, Britain occupied Hong Kong Island. Later, the Qing government tried to recover the lost territory by force, and Daoguang issued many orders for this, but the Qing government still could not defend its territorial integrity? .

1842 On August 29th, the Qing government signed the unequal treaty of nanking (formerly known as Jiangning Treaty) with Britain, and ceded Hong Kong Island to Britain.

1860, 10/0 On October 24th, China and Britain signed the unequal Beijing Treaty, ceding the area south of Boundary Street in Kowloon Peninsula to Britain.

1On June 9th, 898, Britain forced the Qing government to sign the Charter for Expanding Hong Kong's Boundary (commonly known as "New Territories Concession"), and forcibly leased the area north of Boundary Street in Kowloon Peninsula and south of Shenzhen River, as well as more than 200 large and small islands for 99 years (ending on June 30th, 997).

Britain occupied the territory of China through three treaties, with a total area of 1092 square kilometers, including Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and the New Territories, which is now the whole territory of Hong Kong.

194 1 year 65438+February 25th (known as "Black Christmas" by Hong Kong people), during the Second World War, the Japanese invaded Hong Kong, and the British troops stationed in Hong Kong were unable to resist. At that time, Governor Yang had no choice but to declare surrender. Hong Kong was occupied by Japan and began a "period of Japanese rule" of three years and eight months.

1945 September 15, after Japan's defeat, it signed a surrender in Hong Kong and withdrew from Hong Kong. Hong Kong was ruled by Britain again.

Extended data:

During the First World War, Japan proposed Article 2 1 to China. 193 1 year, the Japanese army occupied the three northeastern provinces and attempted to annex the northern provinces, which eventually led to the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War in 1937. 1938, Guangzhou fell and a large number of refugees poured into Hong Kong.

It is estimated that the number of refugees who arrived in Hong Kong in 1937 was about100000, 1938 was 500000, and 1939 was 65438+05000, which increased the population of Hong Kong to 65438+06000 on the eve of World War II. When the largest number of refugees arrived in Hong Kong, it was estimated that 500,000 people were displaced and slept on the streets.

194 1 year1February 7, Japan attacked American warships at Pearl Harbor and formally joined the Second World War. Almost at the same time, Japan attacked Hong Kong. When the Japanese army set out from Chinese mainland, the British army was forced to leave the New Territories and Kowloon and retreat to Hong Kong Island. At that time, the defenders, including the Hong Kong Volunteers, fought hard for a week and finally surrendered because they were outnumbered on Christmas Day.

Japan occupied Hong Kong for three years and eight months. During the occupation, trade stopped, currency depreciated, grain transportation failed, and government services and public utilities were seriously affected. Many Hong Kong people took refuge in the neutral Portuguese Macao, and the Macao government tried its best to accommodate them. At the end of the Japanese occupation, in order to solve the food shortage, the Japanese army deported a large number of residents.

Although Hong Kong residents are oppressed, most of them still support the allied forces. Guerrillas in China wandered around the New Territories, and the fleeing allied personnel were also covered by villagers. 1August 945 14, Japan announced its surrender. News came that Zhan Sen, the chief secretary of Stanley Prison who was imprisoned during the occupation (later knighted), immediately organized an interim government.

On August 30th, Major-General Sir Shea arrived in Hong Kong with the British Pacific Fleet and set up an interim military government. 1 May, 9461day, Governor Sir Yang was reinstated, and Hong Kong officially resumed civilian rule.

Baidu encyclopedia-Hong Kong

People's Network-History of Hong Kong