Types of property management companies

According to different classification standards, property management companies can be divided into different types. Property management companies can be divided into single-layer property management companies, double-layer property management companies and multi-layer property management companies according to management levels. Single-storey property management companies are composed of managers and capable personnel, and there are no workers, but specific tasks are handed over to specialized property management companies or other work teams through contracting; Two-tier property management companies include administrative management and operation layer, and the operation layer implements specific business management, such as house maintenance, cleaning, decoration and service activities. Multi-storey property management companies are generally large in scale and have a wide range of management, or they have their own branches or their own specialized operating companies, such as cleaning companies and garden companies.

With the in-depth development of the property management industry, property management companies will further develop in the direction of intensification, collectivization and internationalization, which will not only create economies of scale, but also help to save management costs, implement brand management and promote the standardized and socialized development of property management companies. The composition of property owners and users is relatively complicated. Generally speaking, it can be roughly divided into two categories: one is a corporate body and the other is a private user.

1, corporate body

Corporate bodies can be divided into enterprises, institutions and social groups. As the owner of the property, the legal person group means that the owner of the property is not a natural person or individual, but an enterprise, institution or community organization. Enterprises include companies, institutions and social organizations of various natures and industries, including government agencies, various associations and so on. Anyone who buys or leases a property in the name of a corporate body constitutes the owner or user of the property.

2. Private users

Residential, office buildings, commercial real estate and other properties, a considerable part of their property rights or use rights belong to individuals, especially residential, private owners and users account for the vast majority. The composition of private users is also very complicated. As far as household registration is concerned, there are locals, outsiders and outsiders. As far as identity is concerned, there are entrepreneurs, state civil servants, self-employed, teachers, white-collar workers, returned overseas Chinese and so on. As far as income level is concerned, there are high-income households, middle-income households, working-class households and low-income households. But no matter what kind of people, as long as they are the owners or users of the property, they are private users of the property and enjoy the rights and obligations that the owners and users of the property should have. According to Article 6 of Decree No.33 issued by the Ministry of Construction, "Residential District Management Committee (hereinafter referred to as' Management Committee') shall be established in residential areas. The management committee is composed of representatives elected by real estate owners and users in residential areas under the guidance of real estate administrative departments, representing and safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of real estate owners and users in residential areas. "

The management committee is elected by the owners and users and represents the legitimate rights and interests of the owners and users. The management committee is a permanent organization involved in property management. The rights of owners and users are mainly realized through the management Committee.

Under normal circumstances, if the delivered construction area of the property reaches more than 50%, or the delivered construction area reaches more than 30% but less than 50% and has been used for more than one year, the first owners' meeting shall be held to elect the management committee. After that, the management committee will convene the owners' meeting. Under normal circumstances, the owners' meeting is held once a year, and can be held at any time under special circumstances. The decision of the owners' meeting must be passed by more than half of the voters. If the owner is unable to vote for some reason, he may entrust a user or other agent to vote on his behalf.

The main tasks of the owners' meeting are: ① Election management committee; (2) To supervise the work of the management committee; (3) Hearing and deliberating the work report of the Central Military Commission; ④ Listen to the opinions and suggestions of the owner; ⑤ Study and solve inappropriate decisions of the Central Military Commission; ⑥ Discuss other issues that need to be studied.

When the owners' congress is not in session, the elected management committee shall implement the decisions of the owners' congress and be responsible for the daily work.

The rights of the CMC include: ① to formulate the articles of association of the CMC and safeguard their legitimate rights on behalf of the owners and users; (2) Deciding to hire or renew the appointment of a property management company; (3) Review the annual management plan and major measures for community management services formulated by the property management company; (4) Check and supervise the implementation of various management work and the implementation of rules and regulations.

The obligations of the CMC include: ① to inspect and supervise the management of the property management company according to the opinions and requirements of the owners and users; (2) assist the property management company to carry out management work; (3) Accept the supervision of the owners and users; (4) Accept the supervision and guidance of the real estate administrative department, relevant administrative departments and the people's government where the property is located. CMC and property management companies are both property management institutions. The former is the decision-maker, client and supervisor, while the latter is the operator, trustee and executive manager. They are equal in status and contractual in two-way market choice. Legally, the CMC has the freedom to entrust or not to entrust the property management company, and the property management company also has the freedom to accept or not to accept the entrustment; In the organizational relationship, there is no relationship between leader and led, management and managed, but a cooperative working relationship that does not interfere with each other's internal operations.

Characteristics of property management companies

As a labor-intensive and technical service-oriented service industry, property management is the product of the deepening reform of the housing system, and it is a new mode of providing various services by combining housing and community comprehensive services, mainly through providing various services to obtain economic benefits. After more than 20 years' development, the property management industry in China has been growing. The types of properties it manages are more and more complex, and its business scope is more and more extensive. China's property management market has become more and more mature from the initial perceptual disorder to the rapid development fanaticism in the middle period, and then to the stability and rationality in the later period.

In fact, the property management industry, as a new industry, faces many risks in its operation because the relevant laws and regulations formulated by the state and local governments need to be improved and the industry behavior is not standardized. In addition, as a low-profit industry, there are few mature models and experiences in the industry, and the experience provided by different types of properties is insufficient. Many property management companies are treading on thin ice in their business activities, and their survival and development are difficult, especially newly established property management companies, which are often small in scale, weak in economic strength and lack the ability to identify risk factors.